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BACKGROUND: Sulfonamide (SA) residues in food of animal origin possess a potential threat to human health and environment. However, due to the polar and ionic characteristics and trace level of SAs and the complexity of food matrices, direct measurement of SAs in these samples is still very difficult. Development of efficient sample pretreatment method for sensitive and selective extraction of trace SAs is of great significance and urgently desired. Therefore, rational design and synthesizing advanced and selective extractants is quite important. RESULTS: In this work, a novel phenazine-based microporous organic network (MON) named TEPM-DP is reasonably synthesized and employed as a packing material for selective solid phase extraction (SPE) and sensitive determination of four typical SAs in milk samples. Phenazine-based monomer with aromatic and heteroaromatic ring and numerous N atoms is chosen to construct TEPM-DP adsorbent to provide π-π, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, and electrostatic extraction sites for SAs. The proposed method owns wide linear ranges, low limits of detection, high enrichment factors, and good precisions and recoveries for SAs in complex milk samples. The recoveries of SAs on TEPM-DP are much higher than those of commercial C18 and activated carbon. The extraction mechanisms are also elucidated via FT-IR, XPS, and comparative experiments. SIGNIFICANCE: This work reports the first example of design and synthesizing phenazine-based MON in SPE via a simple and rapid solvothermal method. The results reveal the great prospects of TEPM-DP for enriching polar and ionic SAs in complex samples and uncover the potency of phenazine-based MON in sample pretreatment, which will promote the development of MON.
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Leche , Fenazinas , Extracción en Fase Sólida , Sulfonamidas , Fenazinas/química , Leche/química , Animales , Sulfonamidas/análisis , Sulfonamidas/aislamiento & purificación , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Porosidad , Límite de Detección , Adsorción , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Psychological resilience refers to an individual's ability to cope with and adapt to challenging life circumstances and events. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in a national cohort of US older adults by a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The Health and Retirement Study (2006-2008) included 10 569 participants aged ≥50. Mortality outcomes were determined using records up to May 2021. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse the associations between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines were applied to examine the association between psychological resilience and mortality risk. FINDINGS: During the follow-up period, 3489 all-cause deaths were recorded. The analysis revealed an almost linear association between psychological resilience and mortality risk. Higher levels of psychological resilience were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in models adjusting for attained age, sex, race and body mass index (HR=0.750 per 1 SD increase in psychological resilience; 95% CI 0.726, 0.775). This association remained statistically significant after further adjustment for self-reported diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer and hypertension (HR=0.786; 95% CI 0.760, 0.813). The relationship persisted even after accounting for smoking and other health-related behaviours (HR=0.813; 95% CI 0.802, 0.860). CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study highlights the association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in older adults in the USA. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Psychological resilience emerges as a protective factor against mortality, emphasising its importance in maintaining health and well-being.
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Mortalidad , Resiliencia Psicológica , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Jubilación/psicología , Causas de Muerte , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) poses a significant threat to health and well-being, although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective treatment method. However, many patients undergoing PCI for coronary heart disease often experience negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, as well as sleep disturbances, poor adherence to medications, and somatic symptoms. These adverse psychological effects can contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), a highly effective mind-body therapy, has been increasingly utilized in the recovery process of patients with coronary heart disease. Several scholars have conducted mindfulness interventions for post-PCI patients with coronary heart disease and achieved promising outcomes. This article primarily focuses on applying mindfulness-based stress reduction in PCI patients with coronary heart disease and its future prospects.
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Spin-crossover (SCO) ferroelectrics with dual-function switches have attracted great attention for significant magnetoelectric application prospects. However, the multiferroic crystals with SCO features have rarely been reported. Herein, a molecular multiferroic Fe(II) crystalline complex [FeII(C8-F-pbh)2] (1-F, C8-F-pbh = (1Z,N'E)-3-F-4-(octyloxy)-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-benzo-hydrazonate) showing the coexistence of ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, and SCO behavior is presented for the first time. By H/F substitution, the low phase transition temperature (270 K) of the non-fluorinated parent compound is significantly increased to 318 K in 1-F, which exhibits a spatial symmetry breaking 222F2 type ferroelectric phase transition with clear room-temperature ferroelectricity. Besides, 1-F also displays a spin transition between high- and low-spin states, accompanied by the d-orbital breaking within the t2g 4eg 2 and t2g 6eg° configuration change of octahedrally coordinated FeII center. Moreover, the 222F2 type ferroelectric phase transition is also a ferroelastic one, verified by the ferroelectric domains reversal and the evolution of ferroelastic domains. To the knowledge, 1-F is the first multiferroic SCO molecular crystal. This unprecedented finding sheds light on the exploration of molecular multistability materials for future smart devices.
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The association between serum folate and all-cause mortality in general population remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between serum folate concentrations and all-cause mortality in a large, prospective, long-term U.S. cohort. Our study included adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, and mortality data was obtained by linking with the National Death Index (NDI) until December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association between serum folate concentrations and all-cause mortality. A total of 12,862 participants were included in this cohort study. After a median follow-up of 26.4 years [interquartile range (IQR), 15.4-28.7 years], a total of 5,299 deaths were recorded. The risk of death was lower by 12% per 1.0 g/L increase in log-transformed serum folate concentrations (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94). Compared with the lowest quartiles of serum folate level, the risk of death was lower in the second (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97), third (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.91) and the highest quartiles (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88) in multivariable-adjusted model. In subgroup analyses, the inverse association between serum folate and all-cause mortality remained statistically significant for women, men and non-Hispanic White people. Higher serum folate levels were found to be significantly associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. However, further studies are needed to verify these findings and explore the underlying mechanism.
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Caspase-12 is a caspase family member for which functions in regulating cell death and inflammation have previously been suggested. In this study, we used caspase-12 lacZ reporter mice to elucidate the expression pattern of caspase-12 in order to obtain an idea about its possible in vivo function. Strikingly, these reporter mice showed that caspase-12 is expressed explicitly in Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. As this observation suggested a function for caspase-12 in Purkinje neurons, we analyzed the brain and behavior of caspase-12 deficient mice in detail. Extensive histological analyses showed that caspase-12 was not crucial for establishing cerebellum structure or for maintaining Purkinje cell numbers. We then performed behavioral tests to investigate whether caspase-12 deficiency affects memory, motor, and psychiatric functions in mice. Interestingly, while the absence of caspase-12 did not affect memory and motor function, caspase-12 deficient mice showed depression and hyperactivity tendencies, together resembling manic behavior. Next, suggesting a possible molecular mechanistic explanation, we showed that caspase-12 deficient cerebella harbored diminished signaling through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B/cyclic-AMP response binding protein axis, as well as strongly enhanced expression of the neuronal activity marker c-Fos. Thus, our study establishes caspase-12 expression in mouse Purkinje neurons and opens novel avenues of research to investigate the role of caspase-12 in regulating psychiatric behavior.
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Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The development of drug-resistant cell lines is crucial to understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance and developing novel drugs to improve clinical outcomes. Here, a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, PDAC-X1, derived from Chinese patients has been established. PDAC-X1 was characterized by the immune phenotype, biology, genetics, molecular characteristics, and tumorigenicity. In vitro analysis revealed that PDAC-X1 cells exhibited epithelial morphology and cell markers (CK7 and CK19), expressed cancer-associated markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Ki-67, CEA, CA19-9), and produced pancreatic cancer-like organs in suspension culture. In vivo analysis showed that PDAC-X1 cells maintained tumorigenicity with a 100% tumor formation rate. This cell line exhibited a complex karyotype, dominated by subtriploid karyotypes. In addition, PDAC-X1 cells exhibited intrinsic multidrug resistance to multiple drugs, including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. In conclusion, the PDAC-X1 cell line has been established and characterized, representing a useful and valuable preclinical model to study the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and develop novel drug therapeutics to improve patient outcomes.
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Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Masculino , Femenino , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Gemcitabina , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/farmacología , Desoxicitidina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) poses many serious environmental and food safety concerns. Development of effective and sensitive sample pretreatment method for monitoring trace NSAIDs from complex samples is of great significance. Depending on the ionic and aromatic structures of NSAIDs, a cationic microporous organic network (MON) named TEPM-BBDC with large specific surface area, good solvent and thermal stabilities, and numerous interaction sites was designed and prepared for efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) of four typical NSAIDs (flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac sodium) from environmental water and milk samples. By anchoring the ionic groups in the conjugated MON frameworks, the prepared TEPM-BBDC offered good extraction for NSAIDs based on the π-π, hydrophobic, ion exchange, and electrostatic interactions. Under the optimal extraction conditions (initial concentration of each NSAID: 200 g L-1; sample volume: 50 mL; desorption solvent: 1.5 mL of MeOH + 1 % NH3·H2O; sample loading rate: 5 mL min-1; NaCl concentration: 0 mmol L-1; pH = 5), the proposed TEPM-BBDC-SPE-HPLC-UV method owned wide linear range (0.50-1000 g L-1), low limits of detection (0.10-0.40 g L-1), large enrichment factors (92.2-99.2), good precisions (intra-day and inter-day, RSD% = 1.3-7.8 %, n = 6) and reproducibility (column-to-column, RSD% = 8.0 %, n = 3). The developed method also exhibited good recoveries (83.6-113.4 %) for the determination of NSAIDs in river water, lake water and milk samples. This work not only revealed the potential of TEPM-BBDC for SPE of ionic NSAIDs in complex samples, but also highlighted the prospect of ionic MONs in sample pretreatment.
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Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos , Límite de Detección , Leche , Extracción en Fase Sólida , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/análisis , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Leche/química , Animales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Porosidad , Cationes/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , AdsorciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between fatty acids and neurological disorders. However, no studies have examined the relationship between serum fatty acid levels and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of neurological disorders. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the intricate relationship between 30 serum fatty acids and serum NfL levels in a nationally representative sample of United States adults, using data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional analysis, multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the associations between 30 serum fatty acids and serum NfL levels. This analysis involved adjustment for potential confounding variables, including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, to clarify the association between serum fatty acids and serum NfL levels. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that certain fatty acids exhibited distinct associations with serum NfL levels. Notably, docosanoic acid (22:0) and tricosanoic acid (C23:0) were found to be inversely associated with serum NfL levels (ß = -0.280, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.525, -0.035; ß = -0.292, 95% CI: -0.511, -0.072). Conversely, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) demonstrated a positive association with serum NfL levels (ß = 0.125, 95% CI: 0.027, 0.222). Notably, these associations remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with high relative concentrations of certain SFA exhibited decreased serum NfL, whereas those with high relative concentrations of certain monounsaturated fatty acids showed increased serum NfL. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential impact of serum fatty acids on NfL levels, shedding light on novel avenues for further investigation and potential interventions in the context of neurological health.
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Backgrounds: Hematocrit is found an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) in certain patients, but this effect in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. We aim to identify the relationship between hematocrit and AKI in patients with AMI. Methods: The patient data for the discovery and validation cohorts were extracted from the electronic Intensive Care Unit database and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database, respectively, to identify the relationship between hematocrit and AKI. With normal hematocrit as the reference, patients were divided into five groups based on the initial hematocrit value. The primary outcome was AKI during hospitalization. A multivariable logistic regression and a marginal effect analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between hematocrit and AKI. Results: In this study, a total of 9692 patients diagnosed with AMI were included, with 7712 patients in the discovery cohort and 1980 patients in the validation cohort. In the discovery cohort, hematocrit in 30-33%, 27-30% or < 27% were independent risk factors for AKI in the multivariate logistic analysis, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.774 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.203-2.617, p = 0.004), 1.834 (95% CI: 1.136-2.961, p = 0.013) and 2.577 (95% CI: 1.510-4.397, p < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, in the validation cohort, low hematocrit levels independently contributed to an increased risk of AKI among patients with AMI. During the analysis of marginal effects, a significant negative linear relationship between hematocrit levels and AKI was observed. Conclusions: Decreased hematocrit was an independent risk factor for AKI in patients with AMI. The relationship between hematocrit and AKI was negative linear.
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Background: Women are frequently underrepresented in clinical trials and databases focusing on ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). However, understanding sex-based differences in risk factors and the prognosis of VAs is essential for tailoring personalized prevention and treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis of VAs in patients with sepsis. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 27,139 sepsis patients (mean [SD] age, 66.6 [16.2] years; 15,626 [57.6%] male), among whom 1136 (4.2%) developed VAs during their hospitalization. We evaluated VAs incidence and potential risk elements in both male and female patients, along with in-hospital mortality. Results: Men had a significantly higher likelihood of developing VAs compared to women (odds ratio [OR]: 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-1.94, p < 0.001). In the case of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), the association with VAs was stronger in men than in women (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10-2.40, interaction p = 0.014). Furthermore, we observed significant sex-specific interactions in the relationship between incident VAs, congestive heart failure (CHF) (RRR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.76, interaction p = 0.031), and pneumonia (RRR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02-1.74, interaction p = 0.036) when considering the adjusted model. The presence of VAs was associated with a nearly twofold increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality, a result that was observed in both sexes. Conclusions: In sepsis patients, the emergence of VAs independently escalates the risk of in-hospital mortality, with a notable correlation between male sex and an increased VAs risk. The impacts of CHF, NICM and pneumonia on incident VAs were significantly influenced by sex.
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Magnetoelectric materials, which encompass coupled magnetic and electric polarizabilities within a single phase, hold great promises for magnetic controlled electronic components or electric-field controlled spintronics. However, the realization of ideal magnetoelectric materials remains tough due to the inborn competion between ferroelectricity and magnetism in both levels of symmetry and electronic structure. Herein, we introduce a methodology for constructing single phase paramagnetic ferroelectric molecule [TMCM][FeCl4], which shows low-magnetic-field magnetoelectricity at room temperature. By applying a low magnetic field (≤1 kOe), the halogen Clâ§â§â§Cl distance and the volume of [FeCl4]- anions could be manipulated. This structural change causes a characteristic magnetostriction hysteresis, resulting in a substantial deformation of ~10-4 along the a-axis under an in-plane magnetic field of 2 kOe. The magnetostrictive effect is further qualitatively simulated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, this mechanical deformation significantly dampens the ferroelectric polarization by directly influencing the overall dipole configuration. As a result, it induces a remarkable α31 component (~89 mV Oe-1 cm-1) of the magnetoelectric tensor. And the magnetoelectric coupling, characterized by the change of polarization, reaches ~12% under 40 kOe magnetic field. Our results exemplify a design methodology that enables the creation of room-temperature magnetoelectrics by leveraging the potent effects of magnetostriction.
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AIMS: Our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis focused on investigating the bidirectional relationships between major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety and stress-related disorder (ASRD), and dental caries as well as periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used summary statistics from two studies: an MDD genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 135,458 cases with 344,901 controls and a Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) GWAS based on 12,655 ASRD individuals and 19,225 controls from Denmark. GWASs on dental caries and periodontitis were based on the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium. We employed different MR approaches, such as inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to calculate causal effects. RESULTS: Single-variable MR analysis revealed that ASRD was potentially significantly associated with decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) (ß = 0.056; 95 % CI: 0.009, 0.103; p = 0.018). Periodontitis was suggested to be causally related to increased ASRD risk (OR = 1.143, 95 % CI: 1.008, 1.298; p = 0.038). According to the multivariable MR analysis, no significant associations were detected between MDD and ASRD with dental caries and periodontitis, and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: ASRD demonstrated a potential association with DMFS, and periodontitis was found to potentially impact ASRD according to single-variable MR analysis. Nevertheless, no significant associations were identified between MDD, ASRD, dental caries, or periodontitis after adjusting for smoking status and education level. Hence, more robust genetic instruments are required to validate and reinforce our findings.
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Caries Dental , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Periodontitis , Humanos , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/genética , Periodontitis/genética , Periodontitis/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/genética , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/genética , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Estrés Psicológico/genética , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study explores the impact of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) incidence and evaluates the prognostic implications of LVH status (pre-existing/new-onset/persistent/regression) using Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) Electrocardiogram Data. METHODS: Poisson regression was used to assess new-onset LVH and LVH regression rates. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models determined the risk of adverse cardiovascular events (ACE), a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), non-MI acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, or cardiovascular death, alongside safety adverse events. RESULTS: In 8,016 participants, intensive BP control significantly reduced new-onset LVH (8.27 vs. 14.79 per 1000-person years; adjusted p<0.001) and increased LVH regression (14.89 vs. 11.89 per 1000-person years; adjusted p<0.001). Elevated ACE risk was notable in participants with pre-existing LVH [adjusted HR: 1.94 (95% CI: 1.25-2.99); p = 0.003], new-onset LVH [adjusted 1.74 (95% CI: 1.16-2.60); p = 0.007], and persistent LVH[adjusted HR: 1.96 (95% CI: 1.11-3.46); p = 0.020], compared to those without LVH. Intriguingly, LVH regression attenuated this risk increment [adjusted HR: 1.57 (95% CI: 0.98-2.53); p = 0.062]. Achieving a BP target of < 120/80 mmHg nullified the increased ACE risk in those with pre-existing LVH. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive BP control is instrumental in both reducing the emergence of LVH and fostering its regression. Pre-existing, new-onset LVH and persistent LV remain a predictor of adverse cardiovascular prognosis, whereas LVH regression and achieving on-treatment BP < 120/80 mmHg in pre-existing LVH individuals may further mitigate residual cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: ClinicalTrials.gov Unique Identifier: NCT01206062.
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Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary system and often recurs after tumor removal and/or is resistant to chemotherapy. In cancer cells, the activity of the signaling pathway changes significantly, affecting a wide range of cell activities from growth and proliferation to apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cellular defense responses to a variety of cellular stresses. There is increasing evidence that Nrf2 acts as a tumor driver and that it is involved in the maintenance of malignant cell phenotypes. Abnormal expression of Nrf2 has been found to be common in a variety of tumors, including bladder cancer. Over-activation of Nrf2 can lead to DNA damage and the development of bladder cancer, and is also associated with various pathological phenomena of bladder cancer, such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and reduced toxicity and efficacy of therapeutic anticancer drugs to provide cell protection for cancer cells. However, the above process can be effectively inhibited or reversed by inhibiting Nrf2. Therefore, Nrf2 signaling may be a potential targeting pathway for bladder cancer. In this review, we will characterize this signaling pathway and summarize the effects of Nrf2 and crosstalk with other signaling pathways on bladder cancer progression. The focus will be on the impact of Nrf2 activation on bladder cancer progression and current therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the effects of Nrf2. To better determine how to promote new chemotherapy agents, develop new therapeutic agents, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Humanos , Daño del ADN , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The relationship between lung function and sarcopenia remains ambiguous. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between lung function and sarcopenia in the older adults, as well as to examine the mediating role of cognitive function in this relationship. METHODS: The participants were selected from a nationally representative population-based cohort in China. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurement was used to evaluate the lung function in older persons. The sarcopenia was diagnosed using the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019. The Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to perform primary analyses of the relationship between PEF and sarcopenia. The mediating effect of cognitive function was evaluated using the counterfactual mediation method. RESULTS: This cohort study included 4,011 older adults (average age, 66.6 years; 53.3% males). During a follow-up period of 3.86 years, 349 individuals were diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for potential confounders, each one-standard-deviation increase in PEF was associated with a 28% reduction in the risk of sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 0.80). There was a significant mediation of cognition for the association between PEF and incident sarcopenia, and the proportion mediated was 12.2% (95% CI: 4.5%, 23.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with impaired lung function are more likely to develop sarcopenia. Nevertheless, cognition can explain only a small portion of this association. Thus, other potential pathways between lung function and sarcopenia must be elucidated.
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Cognición , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Cognición/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ápice del Flujo Espiratorio , Estudios de Cohortes , Factores de Riesgo , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Pulmón/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and the four dimensions of psychosocial status in adults with epilepsy. METHODS: The data of individuals with epilepsy utilized in this cross-sectional study were derived from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey(NHIS). Physical activity was analyzed based on walking, moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) for Americans. The psychosocial status of the participants was assessed using self-report questionnaires that evaluated life satisfaction, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and social functioning. A multivariate ordinal regression model was employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) following adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: In total of 424 individuals with epilepsy(mean age:48.0 years; male: 40.6 %) were included in this study. About 39.9 % of the participants met the 2018 PAG for aerobic activity. After controlling for potential confounding factors, individuals who adhered to the 2018 PAG for aerobic activity were found to have a higher likelihood of reporting increased life satisfaction (OR, 0.39; 95 % CI: 0.21, 0.71), decreased symptoms of depression (OR, 0.53; 95 % CI: 0.30, 0.94), and improved social functioning (OR, 0.42; 95 % CI: 0.24, 0.74). However, no significant association was observed between physical activity and anxiety symptoms among individuals with epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes that moderate to vigorous physical activity enhances psychosocial health in individuals with epilepsy. Nevertheless, it is important to note that a causal relationship cannot be inferred from these findings, and further verification through randomized controlled trials is necessary.
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Depresión , Epilepsia , Ejercicio Físico , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Epilepsia/psicología , Epilepsia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Anciano , Satisfacción Personal , Funcionamiento Psicosocial , Adulto Joven , Autoinforme , Calidad de Vida/psicologíaRESUMEN
Materials that integrate magnetism, electricity and luminescence can not only improve the operational efficiency of devices, but also potentially generate new functions through their coupling. Therefore, multifunctional synergistic effects have broad application prospects in fields such as optoelectronic devices, information storage and processing, and quantum computing. However, in the research field of molecular materials, there are few reports on the synergistic multifunctional properties. The main reason is that there is insufficient awareness of how to obtain such material. In this brief review, we summarized the molecular materials with this characteristic. The structural phase transition of substances will cause changes in their physical properties, as the electronic configurations of the active unit in different structural phases are different. Therefore, we will classify and describe the multifunctional synergistic complexes based on the structural factors that cause the first-order phase transition of the complexes. This enables us to quickly screen complexes with synergistic responses to these properties through structural phase transitions, providing ideas for studying the synergistic response of physical properties in molecular materials.
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Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is a serious complication in patients with diabetes. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of DHD, effective means of prevention and treatment are still lacking. The pathogenic mechanisms of DHD include cardiac inflammation, insulin resistance, myocardial fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Macrophages, the primary cells of the human innate immune system, contribute significantly to these pathological processes, playing an important role in human disease and health. Therefore, drugs targeting macrophages hold great promise for the treatment of DHD. In this review, we examine how macrophages contribute to the development of DHD and which drugs could potentially be used to target macrophages in the treatment of DHD.