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OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of the Health Belief Model (HBM)-based intervention on nurses' behaviors in terms of keeping surgical instruments moist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre- and post-training surveys about instrument moistening were conducted with the same 356 nurses from a hospital in China. Both of the surveys contained questionnaire concerning general knowledge relating to instrument moistening, perception scale-based questions concerning the same issue, and an inspection form concerning the implementation of moistening procedures. Three months' training was provided for the nurses. RESULTS: After training, the nurses' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors for instrument moistening were improved. CONCLUSIONS: The HBM-based intervention can bring about a significant improvement in nurses' compliance with surgical instrument moistening requirements, and corresponding improvements in instrument cleanliness and patient safety.

OBJETIVO: Investigar los efectos de la intervención basada en el modelo de creencias de salud en los comportamientos de las enfermeras en términos de mantener húmedos los instrumentos quirúrgicos. MÉTODO: Se realizaron encuestas previas y posteriores a la capacitación sobre la humectación de instrumentos con las mismas 356 enfermeras de un hospital en China. Ambas encuestas contenían un cuestionario sobre el conocimiento general relacionado con la humectación del instrumento, preguntas basadas en escalas de percepción sobre el mismo tema y un formulario de inspección sobre la implementación de los procedimientos de humectación. Se proporcionó una formación de 3 meses a las enfermeras. RESULTADOS: Después de la capacitación se mejoraron los conocimientos, las actitudes, las creencias y los comportamientos de las enfermeras para la humectación del instrumento. CONCLUSIONES: La intervención basada en el modelo de creencias en salud puede generar una mejora significativa en el cumplimiento de los requisitos de humectación del instrumental quirúrgico por parte de las enfermeras, y las correspondientes mejoras en la limpieza del instrumental y la seguridad del paciente.

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BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have unique biological characteristics, including tumorigenicity, immortality, and chemoresistance. Colorectal CSCs have been identified and isolated from colorectal cancers by various methods. AKAP12, a scaffolding protein, is considered to act as a potential suppressor in colorectal cancer, but its role in CSCs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of AKAP12 in Colorectal CSCs. METHODS: Herein, Colorectal CSCs were enriched by cell culture with a serum-free medium. CSC-associated characteristics were evaluated by Flow cytometry assay and qPCR. AKAP12 gene expression was regulated by lentiviral transfection assay. The tumorigenicity of AKAP12 in vivo by constructing a tumor xenograft model. The related pathways were explored by qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The depletion of AKAP12 reduced colony formation, sphere formation, and expression of stem cell markers in colorectal cancer cells, while its knockdown decreased the volume and weight of tumor xenografts in vivo. AKAP12 expression levels also affected the expression of stemness markers associated with STAT3, potentially via regulating the expression of protein kinase C. CONCLUSION: This study suggests Colorectal CSCs overexpress AKAP12 and maintain stem cell characteristics through the AKAP12/PKC/STAT3 pathway. AKAP12 may be an important therapeutic target for blocking the development of colorectal cancer in the field of cancer stem cells.

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Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Short-acting bronchodilator medications are the most commonly prescribed asthma treatment worldwide, regardless of disease severity. Puerto Rican children display the highest asthma morbidity and mortality of any US population. Alarmingly, Puerto Rican children with asthma display poor bronchodilator drug response (BDR). Reduced BDR may explain, in part, the increased asthma morbidity and mortality observed in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Gene-environment interactions may explain a portion of the heritability of BDR. We aimed to identify gene-environment interactions associated with BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Setting: Genetic, environmental, and psycho-social data from the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) case-control study. Participants: Our discovery dataset consisted of 658 Puerto Rican children with asthma; our replication dataset consisted of 514 Mexican American children with asthma. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed the association of pairwise interaction models with BDR using ViSEN (Visualization of Statistical Epistasis Networks). Results: We identified a non-linear interaction between Native American genetic ancestry and air pollution significantly associated with BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. This interaction was robust to adjustment for age and sex but was not significantly associated with BDR in our replication population. Conclusions: Decreased Native American ancestry coupled with increased air pollution exposure was associated with increased BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Our study acknowledges BDR's phenotypic complexity, and emphasizes the importance of integrating social, environmental, and biological data to further our understanding of complex disease.

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Objective: The aim of this article is to compare the efficacy and safety of doripenem for bacterial infections. Methods: We included six randomized clinical trials identified from PubMed and Embase up to July 31, 2014. The included trials compared efficacy and safety of doripenem for complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infection, nosocomial pneumonia, and acute biliary tract infection. The meta-analysis was carried on by the statistical software of Review Manager, version 5.2. Results: Compared with empirical antimicrobial agents on overall treatment efficacy, doripenem was associated with similar clinical and microbiological treatment success rates (for the clinical evaluable population, odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-1.69, p = 0.13; for clinical modified intent-to-treatment population, OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.55-1.41, p = 0.60; for microbiology evaluable population, OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.90-1.50, p = 0.26; for microbiological modified intent-to-treatment (m-mITT), OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.81-1.20, p = 0.87). We compared incidence of adverse events and all-cause mortality to analyze treatment safety. The outcomes suggested that doripenem was similar to comparators in terms of incidence of adverse events and all-cause mortality on modified intent-to-treatment population (for incidence of AEs, OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.90-1.35, p = 0.33; for all-cause mortality, OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.77-1.51, p = 0.67). In nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia treatment, doripenem was not inferior to other antibacterial agents in terms of efficacy and safety. Conclusion: From this meta-analysis, we can conclude that doripenem is as valuable and well-tolerated than empirical antimicrobial agents for complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infection, acute biliary tract infection and nosocomial pneumonia treatment. .

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to compare the efficacy and safety of doripenem for bacterial infections. METHODS: We included six randomized clinical trials identified from PubMed and Embase up to July 31, 2014. The included trials compared efficacy and safety of doripenem for complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infection, nosocomial pneumonia, and acute biliary tract infection. The meta-analysis was carried on by the statistical software of Review Manager, version 5.2. RESULTS: Compared with empirical antimicrobial agents on overall treatment efficacy, doripenem was associated with similar clinical and microbiological treatment success rates (for the clinical evaluable population, odds ratio [OR]=1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-1.69, p=0.13; for clinical modified intent-to-treatment population, OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.55-1.41, p=0.60; for microbiology evaluable population, OR=1.16, 95% CI 0.90-1.50, p=0.26; for microbiological modified intent-to-treatment (m-mITT), OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.81-1.20, p=0.87). We compared incidence of adverse events and all-cause mortality to analyze treatment safety. The outcomes suggested that doripenem was similar to comparators in terms of incidence of adverse events and all-cause mortality on modified intent-to-treatment population (for incidence of AEs, OR=1.10, 95% CI 0.90-1.35, p=0.33; for all-cause mortality, OR=1.08, 95% CI 0.77-1.51, p=0.67). In nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia treatment, doripenem was not inferior to other antibacterial agents in terms of efficacy and safety. CONCLUSION: From this meta-analysis, we can conclude that doripenem is as valuable and well-tolerated than empirical antimicrobial agents for complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infection, acute biliary tract infection and nosocomial pneumonia treatment.

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