RESUMEN
Dyszoospermia due to genetic factors is the leading cause of male infertility. To explore the correlation between azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletion of the Y chromosome and male infertility, we evaluated AZF microdeletion on the long arm of the Y chromosome in 166 infertile males and 50 fertile males using multiplex polymerase chain reactions amplification and gel electrophoresis. The results demonstrated that 28 individuals had varying degrees of microdeletion in the AZF region (16.90%); 12 out of the 76 males with azoospermia and 16 out of the 90 males with oligospermia had AZF microdeletion. AZF microdeletion was not observed in any of the healthy controls. In addition, 53.60% of the AZF microdeletions occurred in the AZFc region. It can be concluded that AZF microdeletion on the long arm of the Y chromosome can result in male spermatogenesis dysfunction. Detection of AZF microdeletion can provide a theoretical basis for genetic counseling, as well as improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Y/genética , Infertilidad Masculina/genética , Trastornos de los Cromosomas Sexuales del Desarrollo Sexual/genética , Espermatogénesis/genética , Adulto , Azoospermia/genética , Deleción Cromosómica , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Masculino , Oligospermia/genética , Oligospermia/patología , Eliminación de Secuencia/genética , Aberraciones Cromosómicas Sexuales , Trastornos de los Cromosomas Sexuales del Desarrollo Sexual/patologíaRESUMEN
The parasitoid wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) is a common pupal parasitoid of many fly pests that is distributed worldwide. This organism can be used for biological control in orchards or livestock farms. Identifying polymorphic microsatellite loci would be useful for analyzing the population genetic structure of the parasitoid. In the current study, based on a modified biotin-capture method, 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the insect, 7 of which did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allelic number per locus varied from 3-7 (N = 30). The expected and observed heterozygosities of 10 loci ranged from 0.369-0.775 and from 0.300-0.867, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Sitios Genéticos , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Polimorfismo Genético , Avispas/genética , Alelos , Animales , Genética de Población , Heterocigoto , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic agent that has been widely used in surgery and for relieving pain in chronic cancer patients. We applied ketamine to breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 to detect the effect of treatment and molecular mechanisms involved. We found that ketamine can upregulate the level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, which promotes breast cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Knockdown of Bcl-2 could inhibit the increase of Bcl-2 and reduce the invasion and proliferation caused by ketamine in human breast cancer cells. Our findings provide new insight into the effects of ketamine in cancer treatment; we suggest that ketamine, which has been widely used in cancer operations and for relieving pain in chronic cancer patients, may be not the best choice because it can worsen the cancer through promotion of anti-apoptosis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Ketamina/efectos adversos , Ketamina/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Regulación hacia Arriba/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Ten microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from Aleurodicus dispersus, the spiraling whitefly, an exotic pest species that is considered to be one of the most serious agricultural pests on Hainan Island, China. The polymorphism of these loci was examined in individual whiteflies from Hainan Island and from the Canary Islands. All loci were polymorphic, with two to four alleles per locus. Mean observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.773 and 0.585, respectively. These microsatellite markers provide powerful tools for ecological, epidemiological and population genetic studies on this highly invasive insect. Thirty insects were collected and studied at each location. There were no differences between the two locations.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Sitios Genéticos , Hemípteros/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , AnimalesRESUMEN
Brontispa longissima is one of the most serious insect pests of coconut in Southeast Asia; it was first discovered on Hainan Island in June 2002. Despite the economic risk associated with this pest, genetic aspects of the invasion process have remained relatively unexplored. Using microsatellite markers, we investigated the population structure, genetic variability and pattern of invasion in various geographic populations. The methodology was based on a modified biotin-capture method. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the pest. The allele number per locus varied from 2 to 3 (N = 30). The expected and observed heterozygosities of the eight loci ranged from 0.042 to 0.509 and from 0.042 to 0.963, respectively. Although the frequency of polymorphisms was not very high in this population, the microsatellite loci that were isolated will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity and migration routes of B. longissima populations.