RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To estimate variability of renal flow Doppler parameters during the menstrual cycle in young women, and to explore whether the parameters oscillate substantially throughout the cycle. METHODS: The peak systolic, mean, and end-diastolic velocities, pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices, acceleration time (AT) and index (AI) of the right renal artery were measured nine times during the cycle with duplex sonography in 14 healthy women (age range, 23-25 years), and correlated with plasma concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone. Coefficient of variation (CV), interclass correlation (rho), and repeatability coefficients (RC) were used to measure the variability. RESULTS: The measures of the variability for AI and AT were: CV = 45.4% and 37.3%; rho = 0.25 and 0.15; RC = 10.1 and 99.5, respectively. The CV for flow velocities varied from 24.1% to 25.5%, rho from 0.49 to 0.50, RC from 22.7 for end-diastolic to 63.3 for peak systolic velocity. The respective figures for PI and RI were: CV = 17% and 8.3%; rho = 0.21 and 0.29; RC = 0.53 and 0.15. Fluctuations of the flow parameters, hematocrit, hemoglobin, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure during the menstrual cycle were insignificant, while the diastolic blood pressure decreased by about 7 mmHg (P < 0.01) in the luteal phase. CONCLUSION: The variability of renal flow Doppler parameters during the menstrual cycle in young healthy women is substantial. However, fluctuations of the values of the parameters throughout the cycle were non-significant.
Asunto(s)
Ciclo Menstrual/fisiología , Arteria Renal/diagnóstico por imagen , Circulación Renal/fisiología , Adulto , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/fisiología , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Progesterona/sangre , Flujo Pulsátil/fisiología , Valores de Referencia , Arteria Renal/fisiología , Ultrasonografía Doppler Dúplex , Resistencia Vascular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Mammalian tissues contain two types of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. The aim of our study was an evaluation of the influence of a single i.p. injection of a stable analogue of an endogenous cannabinoid anandamide--R-(+)-methanandamide (2.5 mg/kg) and CP 55,940 (0.25 mg/kg), which is an exogenous agonist of CB1 receptors, on the immunoreactivity of regulatory peptides, produced in rat thyroid C cells: calcitonin, CGRP, somatostatin and synaptophysin. This study indicates that a single injection of cannabinoids: R-(+)-methanandamide and CP 55,940 alters the immunoreactivity of regulatory peptides in thyroid parafollicular cells.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Araquidónicos/farmacología , Cannabinoides/farmacología , Glándula Tiroides/fisiología , Animales , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Ciclohexanoles/farmacología , Endocannabinoides , Masculino , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/fisiología , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/fisiología , Somatostatina/metabolismo , Sinaptofisina/metabolismo , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
We studied the effects of nociceptin, the endogenous ligand of the opioid OP4 receptor, and of two cannabinoid receptor agonists WIN 55,212-2 and CP-55,940 (0.001-1 micromol/kg each) on the neurogenic tachycardia and bradycardia in pithed rats. Electrical stimulation (1 Hz, 1 ms, 50 V for 10 s) of the preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres and injection of nicotine 2 micromol/kg or isoprenaline 0.5 nmol/kg increased heart rate by about 70 beats/min (bpm) in pithed rats pretreated with atropine 1.5-2 micromol/kg. The electrically induced tachycardia was reduced dose dependently by nociceptin, WIN 55,212-2 and CP-55,940 (by 60, 30 and 20% at the highest dose, respectively). The OP4 and cannabinoid receptor agonists diminished the nicotine- but not the isoprenaline-stimulated increase in heart rate. In pithed rats pretreated with propranolol 3 micromol/kg, vagal stimulation (5 Hz, 1 ms, 15 V for 10 s) or injection of methacholine (5-10 nmol/kg) decreased heart rate by about 30 bpm. Nociceptin, but not WIN 55,212-2 or CP-55,940 decreased the vagal bradycardia dose dependently (the inhibitory effect of 1 micromol/kg was about 40%). Nociceptin failed to modify the methacholine-induced decrease in heart rate. The OP4 receptor antagonists naloxone benzoylhydrazone 5 micromol/kg and/or [Phe1Psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]-nociceptin(1-13)NH2 0.7 micromol/kg, but not the OP(1-3) receptor antagonist naloxone 10 micromol/kg, diminished the inhibitory action of nociceptin on the neurogenic tachycardia and bradycardia. The inhibitory effect of both cannabinoid receptor agonists on the neurogenic tachycardia was abolished by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716 0.1 micromol/kg. The present data suggest that the postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres innervating the rat heart are endowed with presynaptic opioid OP4 and cannabinoid CB1 receptors, activation of which inhibits the neurogenic tachycardia. The parasympathetic nerve fibres innervating the heart and causing bradycardia are endowed with presynaptic opioid OP4 but not cannabinoid receptors.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Bradicardia/tratamiento farmacológico , Morfolinas/farmacología , Naftalenos/farmacología , Péptidos Opioides/farmacología , Receptores de Droga/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Opioides/efectos de los fármacos , Taquicardia/tratamiento farmacológico , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Benzoxazinas , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclohexanoles/farmacología , Ciclohexanoles/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Estimulación Eléctrica , Masculino , Morfolinas/uso terapéutico , Naftalenos/uso terapéutico , Péptidos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Cannabinoides , Taquicardia/etiología , NociceptinaRESUMEN
The influence of bilateral destruction of dopaminergic endings in the anterior and in the posterior part of nucleus accumbens (NAS) and in the nucleus septi lateralis (NSL), by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusions, on the facilitatory effect of cholecystokinin-unsulfated octapeptide (CCK-8US) and caerulein (CER) on memory motivated affectively was investigated in male Wistar rats. CCK-8US and CER were given s.c. at the doses of 10 microg/kg and 0.5 microg/kg respectively, immediately after a single learning trial in a passive avoidance situation, ten days after bilateral 6-OHDA lesions (desipramine pre-treatment; 25 mg/kg, i.p.) of these structures. Bilateral 6-OHDA lesions to the anterior and to the posterior part of NAS totally abolished and significantly attenuated, respective, the facilitatory effect of CCK-8US and CER on retention of a passive avoidance behaviour evaluated 24 h later, while bilateral lesions to NSL did not have any influence on it. Moreover, neither, destruction of dopaminergic endings in lesioned structures, nor application of CCK-8US and CER changed the spontaneous psychomotor activity of rats estimated in an "open field" test. These results may indicate that dopaminergic projection to the anterior part of NAS is mainly responsible for the facilitatory effect of CCK-8US and CER on memory motivated affectively.
Asunto(s)
Ceruletida/farmacología , Sistema Límbico/fisiología , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Sincalida/farmacología , Animales , Reacción de Prevención/efectos de los fármacos , Reacción de Prevención/fisiología , Desnervación , Dopamina/fisiología , Masculino , Memoria/fisiología , Oxidopamina , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , SimpaticolíticosRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to examine an effect of endotoxin E.coli O127:B8 on the concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) in the rat's liver. The rats were divided into the following groups: control, treated with one dose of endotoxin, treated with three doses of endotoxin. The rats had free access to food (pallet diet for rodents) and water. Endotoxin E.coli O127:B8 was injected interperitoneally in dose of 3 mg/kg b.w.--once or three times at intervals of 72 hrs. One dose of endotoxin decreased blood serum TG concentration, although the concentration of liver TG was increased after 24 hrs. Triple doses of endotoxin given at 72 hrs intervals increased the blood serum TG concentration after 24 hrs, but had no effect on the liver concentration.
Asunto(s)
Endotoxinas/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Hígado/química , Triglicéridos/análisis , Animales , Endotoxinas/administración & dosificación , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Lipopolisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Tiempo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
The influence of endotoxin E.coli O127 B:8 given intravenously or intraperitoneally on the level of Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alpha), blood cells count and bone marrow morphology in rats was studied. The presented results show that endotoxin (3 mg/kg) given intravenously or intraperitoneally (1 or 3 times) provoked an appearance of TNF-alpha in the systemic circulation 24 hours after its injection. Endotoxin given intravenously evoked greater changes in blood morphology and bone marrow than that applicated intraperitoneally.
Asunto(s)
Células Sanguíneas/patología , Médula Ósea/patología , Endotoxinas/efectos adversos , Escherichia coli , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Edema/patología , Endotoxinas/administración & dosificación , Endotoxinas/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Eosinófilos/patología , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Hiperemia/patología , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Recuento de Leucocitos , Lipopolisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Lipopolisacáridos/efectos adversos , Lipopolisacáridos/sangre , Recuento de Linfocitos , Masculino , Monocitos/patología , Necrosis , Neutrófilos/patología , Recuento de Plaquetas , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity at different pH-values (8.8, 9.6 and 10.4) was investigated in induced endotoxemia (3 mg/kg) after chronic alcohol consumption in rats (60 days, 11.5 mg/kg, per day). It has been shown that ADH activity is higher after the single than after the triple injection of endotoxin given the healthy rats. Such a difference was not observed in the ethanol-intoxicated rats. The single dose of endotoxin did not maintain the increased ADH activity after alcohol administration, however a triple injection of endotoxin maintained the activity but did not increase. This results show, that the highest ADH activity in all tested rats was observed at pH 9.6 and that chronic ethanol consumption did not cause an increase of the toxic effects of endotoxin on liver cells, measured by serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
Asunto(s)
Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Intoxicación Alcohólica/enzimología , Endotoxinas/toxicidad , Escherichia coli , Hígado/enzimología , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
A case of a 12 year old girl with Hodgkin's disease is described. In the course of her illness congestive cardiomyopathy developed. The authors discuss many possible etiologies of congestive cardiomyopathy in this case with special referral to the cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Bleomicina/efectos adversos , Niño , Dacarbazina/efectos adversos , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Prednisona/efectos adversos , Vincristina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A case of oesophageal pemphigus was observed in a man aged 76. Attention is called to the rarity of this disease and resulting diagnostic difficulties.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Esófago/patología , Pénfigo/patología , Anciano , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The morphological and biochemical changes of the liver after endotoxin intake were analyzed in rats receiving 20% ethanol during 60 days. Besides morphological changes, concentration of serotonin and histamine in liver homogenates, the activity of asparagine and alanine aminotransferases (AspAT, ALAT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in blood serum were determined, too. The most extensive morphologic changes of the liver were seen in group of animals intoxicated with 20% ethanol during 60 days and single dose of endotoxin E. coli 0127:B8 intraperitoneally. These changes included necrosis most hepatocytes, focal steatosis of liver parenchyma, considerable hyperemia and parenchymatous degeneration of the liver cells. The cells lining liver sinuses showed considerable swelling as well as necrotic changes. Figures of cell division and haemorrhagic focuses were seen, too. The clusters of mononuclear cells, surrounding necrotically changed hepatocytes were seen in the central part of the liver lobule. Among the inflammatory mediators estimated in liver homogenate only serotonin reached a high level in the group of experimental animals receiving only endotoxin. Increased activity of aminotransferases AspAt and ALAT were associated with these morphologic and biochemical changes in liver tissue observed in animals receiving ethanol and endotoxin.
Asunto(s)
Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Hepatopatías Alcohólicas/patología , Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Animales , Endotoxinas/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Histamina/metabolismo , Hepatopatías Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismo , Transferasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Morphologic changes of the duodenal mucous membrane were studied in 50 patients (20 with post-alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 30 non-alcoholic with postinflammatory liver cirrhosis). The macroscopic condition of the duodenal mucous membrane was evaluated during endoscopic examination; evaluation of the histopathologic changes in the biopsy specimens of the duodenal mucous membrane was carried out according to the criteria of Whitehead et al. (Digestion, 13 (1975) 129). Endoscopic examinations showed changes of chronic inflammatory process of the duodenal mucous membrane in 60% of the patients in both groups. The microscopic studies did not show essential differences in the intensity of histopathological changes of the duodenal mucous membrane between both groups, i.e, alcohol is not a decisive factor evoking or intensifying pathological changes of the duodenum.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/patología , Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Duodenitis/patología , Duodenoscopía , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Immunomodulating effect of isoprinosine was estimated in group of 10 patients with postalcoholic liver cirrhosis and compared with another group of 10 patients with postinflammatory liver cirrhosis with infection of hepatitis B virus. Disturbances of immunologic reactivity in the patients with postalcoholic liver cirrhosis mainly concerned increased immunoglobulin G, A concentrations in the blood serum, decreased percentage values of lymphocytes T and their subpopulations (lymphocytes T4 and T8) and increased percentage of lymphocytes B. Disturbances of the examined indices of the immunologic reactivity in the group of patient with postinflammatory liver cirrhosis concerned increased concentrations of circulating immunologic complexes, immunoglobulins A and M in the blood serum and decreased percentage of lymphocytes T and their subpopulation. Treatment with isoprinosine resulted in different immunologic effect in the examined patients concerning mainly increased concentrations of circulating immunologic complexes in the blood serum and increased percentage values of lymphocytes T, T4, T8, B in the course of postalcoholic liver cirrhosis. Patients with postinflammatory liver cirrhosis treated with isoprinosine mainly showed decreased concentrations of circulating immunologic complexes, immunoglobulins A, M the blood serum, increased percentage values of lymphocytes T4 and T8.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Inosina Pranobex/administración & dosificación , Inosina/análogos & derivados , Cirrosis Hepática Alcohólica/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to examine an effect of cold exposure on the concentration of triglycerides (TG) in the rat's liver. The rats were divided into the following groups: control, fed with oil, treated with hydrocortisone, fed with oil and treated with hydrocortisone, treated with noradrenaline. The rats exposed to cold were kept in wire cages (one rat in one cage) in the cold room at temperature +2 degrees C. They had free access to food (pellet diet for rodents) and water. In the control group the exposure to cold increased mildly (though significantly) the TG concentration after 1 and 3 h and had no effect after 2 and 24 h. It did not affect the concentration of plasma free fatty acids (FFA). At room temperature feeding with oil (2 ml/100 g of body weight) alone, and combined with hydrocortisone treatment (5 mg/100 g of body weight) as well as treatment with noradrenaline (0.1 mg/100 g of body weight) had no effect on the liver TG concentration, although the concentration of plasma FFA was increased. Exposure to cold for 3 h increased markedly the liver TG concentration in each of those groups. It is concluded that exposure to cold elicits a mechanism, which in the presence of elevated plasma FFA concentration induces accumulation of TG in the liver.