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Only few published data are available in the literature about consumption and exposure, for hair dye products. The aim of this study was to assess the use of 10 different hair dye products in French Women with a focus on consumption of hair dye in different places of use (at home and at the hairdressers) in order to assess the corresponding dermal exposures. The assessment was performed on a total of 4237 women older than 15 years old, thanks to three national web surveys. The percentage of hair dye users among the French women population was about 64%.The mean frequency of use ranged between 2.23 and 14.22 times per year depending on the studied product and age category of women. This study provided the first data available for exposure to hair dye products with mean exposures ranging between 1.48 and 6.49 mg/kg bw/day depending on the product studied and age category of women. Moreover, consumption data obtained in this study might be useful to perform safety assessment of hair dye products thanks to the knowledge of the age categories of the population having the highest percentage of users and/or frequency of use.

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The efficacy of plasma exchanges (PE) during the course of scleroderma has only been investigated for short periods. The aim of this study was to follow patients over a long enough period to observe the course of the clinical and paraclinical symptoms in the short, medium, and long term. Forty patients, 24 women and 16 men, were treated by PE and observed for 1-3, 3-12 and over 12 months. Immunological, biological and clinical course and any undesirable side effects were evaluated using a detailed questionnaire. Concomitant therapies were reported and most frequently consisted of corticosteroids, colchicine, factor XIII or vasodilators (nifedipine, captopril). The therapeutic effectiveness of PE was assessed on the basis of improvements in cutaneous, digestive, joint, muscular, lung, cardiovascular and renal lesions. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of short-term PE on scleroderma (52% of the patients improved during the first 3 months). However, this improvement was transient (5% improvement between 3 and 12 months and only 2.5% over 12 months) and limited to the cutaneous and muscular lesions. Thus, PE cannot be recommended for the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis.

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The authors report two cases of regression of lung metastases from renal cell cancer with cytological and histological proof. They present a complete review of the literature and analyse the theories proposed to explain this phenomenon.

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Rubidium concentrations were measured by flame emission spectrophotometry in whole blood, plasma and red cells from male and female controls and from dialyzed and non-dialyzed patients of both sexes with chronic renal failure. Rubidium concentrations (mumol/l) in male and female controls respectively were: 2.29 +/- 0.29 and 1.96 +/- 0.46 in plasma: 36..79 +/- 5.90 and 30.19 +/- 6.11 in whole blood; 74.57 +/- 10.37 and 72.22 +/- 12.76 in erythrocytes. The red cell rubidium/plasma rubidium ratios were 32.6 in males and 38.3 in females. Compared with controls, dialyzed male and female patients showed, before dialysis, a decrease in rubidium concentrations of respectively -30% and -17% in plasma, -64% and -61% in whole blood, -40% and -33% in erythrocytes. A further decrease of 25% in rubidium plasma concentrations was observed after dialysis. Non dialyzed patients had an increase in plasma concentrations (+14% in males, +23% in females) and a decrease in erythrocyte concentrations (-16% in males, -20% in females) as compared with controls. Our data show that plasma and red cell rubidium concentrations are fairly constant and probably regulated in healthy subjects but vary considerably in patients with renal failure.

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The authors report a case of a patient with an ENT granuloma, treated successfully with cyclophosphamide and prednisone in 1976. After a complete remission lasting three years, the condition recurred in the form of Wegener's disease, presenting as a renal tumour. The authors discuss the relationship between these two conditions.

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To analyze the prognostic significance of renal involvement, data from 24 cases of necrotizing angeitis, with renal involvement in 16, is studied. Associated disorders are described. Patients are divided into four groups: acute renal failure, progressive renal failure, renal involvement with normal renal function, and no renal involvement. Acute renal failure et onset appears to be a poor prognosis factor in necrotizing angeitis. Progressive renal failure seems to have no bearing on the short-term and medium-term vital prognosis. The value of plasma exchange therapy in these indications is discussed.

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The authors report their experience with glomerular lesions after renal transplantation, but exclude recurrent glomerulonephritis. Fourteen cases (3 membranous glomerulopathies and eleven allograft glomerulopathies) are discussed in relation to 98 recipients of 105 renal allografts. Two patients with membranous glomerulopathy had HBs antigen in their serum. A poor graft prognosis is observed in 2 of 3 patients. Among eleven recipients who presented with allograft glomerulopathy, two groups are clearly defined with very different graft prognosis. The severity of the vascular lesions was the sole difference between these two groups. The possible physiopathologic mechanisms of allograft glomerulopathy are discussed. It is worth noting that the role of vesico-ureteric reflux is not a prominent feature of this study.

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The performances of reused plasma separators are studied with the coefficient of filtration of IgG and IgM through the membrane and the extraction of the same immunoglobulins from the patient's plasma. 10 filters are used for 32 plasma exchanges in 6 patients. At the second use, the filter retains 78% of the initial performances. There is no more loss of the performances with the next uses. Biologic efficiency appreciated by extraction of IgG don't decrease significantly with the reuses. Those findings let us suggest the reuse of the plasma separators.

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In order to evaluate the prognosis of IgA nephropathy semi-quantitative analysis of tubulo-interstitial and vascular alterations was performed. Three groups of patients are described. In the first group the prognosis has remained favourable until the present time. The prognosis is variable in the second group. In the last group the prognosis is always unfavourable. However, the limited duration of the study may elicit certain reservations concerning the long-term prognosis for the first and second groups.

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This communication presents three cases of prolonged macroscopic hematuria in young subjects. Complementary explorations eliminated urologic or vascular causes. Renal biopsies showed minimal glomerular lesions with light microscopy, normal basement membranes in electron microscopy and mesangial deposits of C3 and properdine in immunofluorescence. Although the mesangial deposits of C3 lack specificity and the number of observations is small, it appears useful to report such cases so as to indicate their frequency and perhaps their autonomy, in glomerular hematuric nephropathies.

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We report a case of partial lipodystrophy (P.L.D.) of the cephalothoracic type associated with low C3 serum level. In spite of the absence of renal symptom a renal biopsy was performed which demonstrated dense deposits disease characterized by the lack of cellular proliferation and highly segmentary deposits similar to those observed in remission after renal transplantation for these disease. A review of the literature shows the frequent occurrence of this pathological association. In general P.L.D. and complement abnormalities are thought to precede nephropathy. However chronological relationship between the former and the later must be interpreted cautiously as our case shows that dense deposits disease can be associated with P.L.D. in the lack of clinical evidence of renal disorder.

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We have studied the frequencies of HLA-A, -B antigens in 73 Berger's disease patients, plus HLA-DR antigens in 35 of them, and compared the percentages of antigens frequencies with those of a local and national panel. This study does not confirm the positive associations with HLA-Bw35 or HLA-B12 which have been previously reported. The HLA-DR typing only showed increased frequency of blanks in the patients (P smaller than 0.01, but no significant corr.P). Patients with Berger's disease and renal failure have a higher (but still not significant) HLA-Bw35 frequency than those without renal failure. The reasons for the discrepancy between our group and others are analysed.

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