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In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoporotic activity and mechanism of action of extract of Panax quiquefolium L. based on zebrafish model combined with metabolomics technology. A zebrafish model of prednisolone-induced osteoporosis was used to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of Panax quiquefolium L., and the expression of osteoblast-associated genes and osteoclast-associated genes in zebrafish was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), using bone fluorescence area and fluorescence density as evaluation indexes. Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to explore the change patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected. The results showed that the 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. from Jilin, Canada, Wenden and the United States can significantly improve the bone fluorescence area of zebrafish compared with model group. Furthermore, four sources 50% ethanol extracts of Panax quiquefolium L. except United States also can significantly improve the bone fluorescence density of zebrafish. In addition, PCR showed that extract of Panax quiquefolium L. can significantly up-regulated the expression of vitamin D receptor b (vdrb), collagen type I α2 (col1a2) and cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (sparc) genes, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), anti-tartrase acid phosphatase (trap) and cathepsin K (ctsk) genes. Metabolomic analysis identified 24 key differential metabolites. Furthermore, pathway analysis showed that Panax quiquefolium L. could regulate the levels of 10 key biomarkers by participating in purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism and improve the osteoporosis status of zebrafish. This study preliminically revealed the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of 50% ethanol extract from Panax quiquefolium L. through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway and also provides theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of anti-osteoporosis products of Panax quiquefolium L. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Sciences (approval number: SWS20181002).

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Four new sesquiterpene quinone meroterpenoids, dysideanones F-G (1-2) and dysiherbols D-E (3-4), were isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara collected from the South China Sea. The new structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data including HR-MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and their absolute configurations were assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD calculations. Anti-inflammatory evaluation showed that dysiherbols D-E (3-4) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity on TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in human HEK-293T cells with IC50 values of 10.2 and 8.6 μmol·L-1, respectively.

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Six new bisabolane-type phenolic sesquiterpenoids, including plakordiols A-D (1-4), (7R, 10R)-hydroxycurcudiol (5) and (7R, 10S)-hydroxycurcudiol (6) were isolated from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were determined based on extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Their configurations were assigned by coupling constant analysis, NOESY correlations, and the modified Mosher's method. Furthermore, their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated.

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Potentilla chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH - 20 gel column chromatography were employed for the isolation and purfication. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated and identified as follows: 3-hydroxy-11-ursen-28, 13-olide, 11, 12-dehydroursolic acid lactone (1), 3-O-acetyl pomolic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), oleanic acid (6). CONCLOUSION: All these compounds were isolated from P. chinensis for the first time, compound 1, 2, 4 were isolated from this genus for the first time.</p>

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OBJECTIVE: To improve the surgical effects of hilar duct stricture. METHODS: The clinical data of 76 patients with hilar bile duct stricture treated at our hospital from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed. The diagnosis was determined by triad signs of cholangitis, increase of ALP and gamma-GGT levels, dilation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts confirmed by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The location of stricture was divided according to the Bismuth classification standard. RESULTS: Among the 76 patients, 46 (60.5%) suffered from injurious stricture, including 13% of Bismuth type I, 39% of type II, 19.4% of type III, and 28.2% of type IV. Inflammatory stricture was found in 28 patients, locating in the left hepatic duct (LHD) 46.4% (13/28), the right hepatic duct (RHD) 35.7% (10/28), and the common hepatic duct (CHD) 17.9% (5/28), respectively. The percentages of patients with stricture due to Mirizzi's syndrome, bile duct cyst, and sclerosing cholangitis were 9.2%, 3.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Bile duct repair procedures included biliary reconstruction with pedicled umbilical vein graft for 9.2% of the patients, and proximal cholangiojejunostomy combined with LHD and RHD plasticity for 92.2%. Seventy of the 76 patients were followed up for 2-10 years, and the excellent outcome rate was 94.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Injurious stricture is the major type of hilar bile duct stricture. Inflammatory stricture is mainly composed of RHD. Hilar bile duct stricture should be treated surgically according to various etiological features and technical principles of biliary repair.

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To apply conidia of Pyricularia Oryzae to the screening of antimitotic constituents from marine animal sea hare.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To extract and fractionate active portions from sea hare through detecting deformation of mycelia germinated from conidia of P. Oryzae P-2b, in comparison with the cytotoxic test results in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Two active portions, of which IC50 against P388 and HL-60 was 23.4, 18.6 and 19.4, 12.5 micrograms.ml-1, respectively, were screened from this animal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This bioassay method was efficiently applied to the primary screening of antimitotic portions from marine animals for the first time. Being convenient, speedy and cheap, the screening model is suitable for the bioassay of active constituents from marine life.</p>

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