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Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic devastated healthcare around the world. Data about the COVID-19 outcomes among young people are still scarce. We aim to identify factors associated with the composite outcome among children and adolescents hospitalized due to COVID-19. Methods: We performed a search in the database of a large Brazilian private healthcare system. Insured people aged 21 years or younger who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 from Feb/28th/2020 to Nov/1st/2021 were included. The primary endpoint was the composite outcome consisting of ICU admission, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death. Results: We evaluated 199 patients who had an index hospitalization due to COVID-19. The median monthly rate of index hospitalization was 2.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.6-3.9) per 100,000 clients aged 21 years or less. The median age of the patients was 4.5 years (IQR, 1.4-14.1). At the index hospitalization, the composite outcome rate was 26.6%. The composite outcome was associated with all the previous coexisting morbidities evaluated. The median follow-up was 249.0 days (IQR, 152.0-438.5). There were 27 readmissions (16 patients) within 30 days after the discharge. Conclusions: In conclusion, hospitalized children and adolescents had a composite outcome rate of 26.6% at the index hospitalization. Having previous chronic morbidity was associated with the composite.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a cohort of patients with prostate cancer and persistent urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. From January 2004 to December 2015, eighty-six individuals were identified to have received an AUS implant, provided by a private nonprofit HMO operating in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. On total, there were 91 AUS implants, with a median interval between radical prostatectomy and AUS implant of 3.6 years (IQR 1.9 to 5.5). The rate of AUS cumulative survival, after a median follow-up of 4.1 years (IQR 1.7-7.2 years), was 44% (n=40). The median survival of AUS implants was 2.9 years (IQR 0.5-7.9 years). Thirty-seven AUS implants (40.7%) resulted in grade III surgical complications. There were 5 deaths at 2.1, 4.7, 5.7, 5.7 and 6.5 years of follow-up, but none due to causes directly associated to the AUS implant. Persistent severe incontinence was documented in 14 (15.3%) additional patients. From the 51 AUS implants which resulted in grade III surgical complications or persistent severe incontinence, 24 (47.1%) underwent surgical revisions. Explantation of the sphincter or its components was observed in 6 cases (25.0%). Mechanical failure, described as fluid loss and/or inability to recycle the AUS device, was observed in 4 devices (16.7%). In conclusion, although AUS implants are recommended as the gold-standard treatment of severe urinary incontinence after prostatectomy, the observed high rates of malfunction and grade III adverse events are a matter of concern warranting further assessment on the safety and efficacy of these devices.

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OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pattern of subaortic stenosis associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect. METHODS: From January 1979 to June 2000, 36 children with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and fixed subaortic stenosis were followed-up regarding anatomic characteristics, evolvement, and clinical events. RESULTS: Age at diagnosis of subaortic stenosis ranged from 6 months to 170 months, and it was less than 1 year in only 2 children. Regarding sex, the distribution was 2:1 with a greater predominance of males. Ventricular septal defect was small in 61.0% of cases, medium in 30.56%, and large in 8.40%; the size of the septal defect decreased during follow-up in 30.56% (11 cases). In all patients, subaortic stenosis was membranous and fixed. During follow-up, 23 patients experienced evolvement of the stenosis. Surgical treatment was performed in 21 cases, and one patient underwent surgery for restenosis. Infectious endocarditis occurred in 2 patients; one of the patients died. CONCLUSION: Subaortic stenosis occurs in the natural history of ventricular septal defect usually after the first year of life, and it is progressive and requires surgery in most cases.

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OBJETIVO: Estudar o comportamento clínico da estenose subaórtica associada a comunicação interventricular perimembranosa. MÉTODOS: Foram acompanhadas, de janeiro 1979 a junho 2000, quanto às características anatômicas, caráter evolutivo e eventos clínicos, 36 crianças com comunicação interventricular perimembranosa e estenose subaórtica fixa. RESULTADOS: A idade de diagnóstico da estenose subaórtica fixa variou de seis meses a 170 meses, sendo abaixo de 1 ano apenas em duas crianças. Quanto ao sexo a distribuição foi de 2:1 com grande predomínio do masculino. A comunicação interventricular era de tamanho pequeno em 61,00 por cento dos casos, médio em 30,56 por cento e grande em 8,40 por cento, apresentando diminuição do tamanho da comunicação durante o acompanhamento em 30,56 por cento (11 casos). Em todos os pacientes a estenose subaórtica era fixa, em membrana. Durante o tempo de acompanhamento, 23 pacientes apresentaram progressão da estenose. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico em 21 casos, sendo um paciente reoperado por reestenose. Endocardite bacteriana ocorreu em dois casos, um deles faleceu. CONCLUSÃO: A estenose subaórtica ocorre na história natural da comunicação interventricular geralmente após o 1° ano de vida, apresentando caráter progressivo e necessitando de cirurgia na maioria dos casos.

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No período, de setembro de 1988 a janeiro de 1992, 56 pacientes com até 20 anos de idade (4 a 20 anos, média de 12,7) com insuficiência mitral pura ou predominante de etiologia reumática foram submetidos a valvoplastia mitral. Noventa e quatro por cento dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional III ou IV da NYHA. A técnica cirúrgica básica usada em todos os pacientes foi a anuloplastia assimétrica preconizada por Reed et alii 31, associada em 69,7 por cento dos casos a outros procedimentos sobre as cúspides e aparelho subvalvar mitral. Dois pacientes foram submetidos, concomitantemente, a plastia da valva tricúspide e 4 a troca da valva aórtica. Estudo ecodopplercardiográfico per-operatúrio foi utilizado após a correçao em todos os casos e mostrou ausência de lesoes residuais em 76 por cento dos pacientes e insuficiência mitral discreta nos demais. Nao houve mortalidade hospitalar. Ecopplercardiograma realizado antes da alta hospitalar mostrou boa correlaçao com o estudo per-operatório. Foi possível colher informaçoes do seguimento tardio de 53 pacientes. Ocorreu l óbito tardio três meses após a cirurgia, por morte súbita. Quatro pacientes foram reoperados e submetidos a troca valvar: uma paciente no 4( mês de pós-operatório (PO), por falha primária do procedimento, e outros três no 6(, 34( e 38( meses de PO, por comprovada recidiva da cardite reumática. Os demais encontram-se em classe funcional I e II (NYHA). Concluímos, baseados nos resultados apresentados, que a anuloplastia mitral assimétrica é um excelente procedimento para pacientes jovens com valvopatia reumática, constituindo-se numa boa alternativa à troca de valva ou implante de anéis, sendo, no entanto, extremamente importante o controle de recidivas da doença reumática.

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