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Introduction: Evaluating the body composition and dietary habits of non-professional athletes can help identify areas for improvement to enhance sports performance. The present study aimed to describe the anthropometric and body composition features, as well as the dietary habits, of non-professional rugby players in Argentina. Methods: Fifty-seven rugby players from a Group III Club of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA) were assessed using extensive anthropometric measurements according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. Reference data from professional rugby players in Group I clubs were used as a control for body composition comparisons. Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24-h recall method, and nutrient analysis was performed with SARA software. Results: Non-professional rugby players were shorter (Forwards: 175.9 vs. 181.5 cm; Backs: 172.5 vs. 175.7 cm), had higher body fat percentages (Forwards: 16.4 vs. 12.3%; Backs: 11.0 vs. 9.3%), and were less muscular (Forwards: 46.0 vs. 48.8%; Backs: 48.4 vs. 50.2%) compared to professional rugby players. The average dietary intake was 3,363 Kcal, with protein and carbohydrate intakes of 1.4 g kg-1 day-1 and 4.1 g kg-1 day-1, respectively, and 35% of energy intake from fat. Backs reported a higher caloric intake than forwards (3,682 vs. 2,827 Kcal). There was a high prevalence of insufficient intake of calcium (58%), vitamin A (49%), and vitamin C (65%), the latter two corresponding with a low intake of fruits and vegetables (6% of total energy intake). Meal pattern analysis showed that 46% of total energy was ingested at dinner. Conclusions: The body composition of non-professional rugby players from low-income clubs could be improved to enhance rugby performance, as compared to players in more competitive tiers. Economic constraints might contribute to a sub-optimal nutritional profile, potentially affecting body composition and on-field performance negatively. Recommendations to improve dietary intake should be made considering the budget constraints of these players.

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This study aimed to provide reference values for anthropometric characteristics of elite male and female soccer players, considering a group of individuals from the general population as controls. The anthropometric profiles of 357 elite soccer players [184 males (age 24.3 ± 4.3 y) and 173 females (age 25.2 ± 5.1 y)] participating in the first Italian league (Serie A) and 363 subjects from the general population [188 males (age 24.2 ± 4.8 y) and 175 females (age 25.0 ± 5.1 y)] were measured according to the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Reference percentiles for stature, body mass, circumferences, eight skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, supraspinal, abdominal, front thigh, and calf), breadths, and somatotype were calculated and stratified by player position and sex. No difference (p > 0.05) was found in age between the two groups. Soccer players showed lower values for the sum of the eight ISAK skinfolds than individuals from the general population of the same sex. This suggests lower adipose tissue, as indicated by a lower endomorphic component. The somatotype was endomorphic mesomorph and mesomorphic endomorph for the male and female individuals from the general population, respectively. The male soccer players were ectomorphic mesomorphs, while the females were balanced mesomorphs, defining a sport-specific morphology. This study provides sex- and role-specific anthropometric standards for elite soccer players. Raw anthropometric reference values may be useful for evaluating body composition without using any predictive equations or assumptions.

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CrossFit® is a high-intensity sport that combines weightlifting, gymnastic skills, and cardiovascular exercises. To find the anthropometric references that define the optimal body composition, it is essential to first find an optimal body composition for one's physical preparation. The objective of this study is to describe the anthropometric characteristics of 27 Spanish CrossFit® athletes, 19 males aged 39 years old (24-44) and 8 females aged 28 years old (23-40), and how these characteristics influenced their performance. The athletes performed the Fran, Cindy, and Kelly workouts, establishing minimum marks, and the CrossFit Total workout to assess maximum strength. Significant differences were not found in time and repetitions between sexes in skill training, although there was a positive correlation r = 0.876 (p < 0.001) between muscle mass and the Total CrossFit result. We can conclude that the CrossFit® athlete has a low amount of fat mass and a small relative size, which is an advantage when training with bodyweight exercises, and a high muscle mass that provide benefits when strength training. In addition, despite executing movements from a multitude of disciplines, the physical demands for lifting heavy loads resulted in the anthropometric values of athletes being more similar to elite weightlifting athletes than in other sports.

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Bernal-Orozco, MF, Posada-Falomir, M, Quiñónez-Gastélum, CM, Plascencia-Aguilera, LP, Arana-Nuño, JR, Badillo-Camacho, N, Márquez-Sandoval, F, Holway, FE, and Vizmanos-Lamotte, B. Anthropometric and body composition profile of young professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1911-1923, 2020-The purpose was to describe the anthropometric and body composition profile of young professional soccer players and to compare the players profiles between different competitive divisions and playing positions. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with anthropometric data obtained from the records of soccer players of Club Deportivo Guadalajara, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) in the under-17, under-20, second, third, and fourth division categories. Body mass, height, sitting-height, skinfolds, girths, and bone breadths were measured by certified anthropometrists from September 2011 to March 2015, following the procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Body composition was determined using the 5-way fractionation method. Comparisons between playing positions in each division and between divisions were performed using analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's post-hoc analyses (SPSS version 22 for Windows, p < 0.05 considered as significant). Data from 755 subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 18.1 ± 1.7 years old (minimum 14.8, maximum 23.2). The under-20 division registered higher anthropometric and body composition values than all other competitive divisions. In addition, goalkeepers were taller, heavier, and obtained the highest values for adipose mass, whereas forwards presented higher percentages of muscle mass. These tables can be used during nutritional assessment and nutritional monitoring of players to establish body composition goals. In addition, the strength and conditioning practitioner may also use these data to design effective and specific training programs most suitable to the anthropometric and body composition profile of each player, taking into consideration his competitive division and playing position.

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Introducción: dadas las características del fútbol, la tendencia en la selección de estos deportistas y su asignación en determinadas posiciones de juego se han visto condicionadas por las características morfológicas que estos presenten, por lo que el conocimiento de las particularidades antropométricas por posición de juego es un antecedente relevante para los cuerpos técnicos del fútbol de élite. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar y comparar las características antropométricas por posición de juego de jugadores de fútbol profesional chileno. Métodos: un total de 390 futbolistas profesionales varones, pertenecientes a 15 clubes profesionales chilenos, fueron evaluados morfológicamente mediante la medición de 25 variables antropométricas, con las que se estimaron la composición corporal, el somatótipo y los Z-score de Phantom. Para la comparación de las variables entre los grupos se utilizó una prueba Chi-cuadrado con nivel de significancia de p < 0,05, utilizando el software SPSS versión 21. Resultados: se observan diferencias entre las posiciones de juego, especialmente entre los porteros y el resto de los jugadores (p < 0,001), quienes presentan más de 2 kg de masa muscular y más de 1,8 kg de masa adiposa, frente a las otras posiciones de juego. Respecto de una muestra se sujetos activos, los futbolistas presentan una composición corporal significativamente distinta; de igual manera ocurre al comparar con Phantom, donde la estatura, el peso y la masa muscular son mayores y la masa adiposa es menor. Conclusión: los futbolistas profesionales presentan diferencias por posición de juego y en comparación a otros sujetos no deportistas y a Phantom

Introduction: given the characteristics of soccer, the tendency in the selection of these athletes and their allocation in certain game positions has been conditioned by the morphological characteristics that they present, so that the knowledge of anthropometric particularities by playing position is a relevant antecedent for the technical bodies of professional football. The objective of the present investigation is to identify and compare the anthropometric characteristics by playing position of Chilean professional soccer players. Methods: a total of 390 professional male soccer players, from 15 Chilean professional clubs, were evaluated morphologically by means of the measurement of 25 anthropometric variables, with which the body composition, the somatotype and the Z-score of Phantom were estimated. A Chi-square test with significance level of p < 0.05 was used to compare the variables between groups using SPSS software others players (greater adipose and muscular mass). As for a sample of active subjects, soccer players have a significantly different body composition, similarly occurs when compared to Phantom, where height, weight and muscle mass are greater and fat mass is lower. Conclusion: professional footballers differ by game position compared to other non-sports players and Phantom

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INTRODUCTION: Introduction: given the characteristics of soccer, the tendency in the selection of these athletes and their allocation in certain game positions has been conditioned by the morphological characteristics that they present, so that the knowledge of anthropometric particularities by playing position is a relevant antecedent for the technical bodies of professional football. The objective of the present investigation is to identify and compare the anthropometric characteristics by playing position of Chilean professional soccer players. Methods: a total of 390 professional male soccer players, from 15 Chilean professional clubs, were evaluated morphologically by means of the measurement of 25 anthropometric variables, with which the body composition, the somatotype and the Z-score of Phantom were estimated. A Chi-square test with significance level of p < 0.05 was used to compare the variables between groups using SPSS software others players (greater adipose and muscular mass). As for a sample of active subjects, soccer players have a significantly different body composition, similarly occurs when compared to Phantom, where height, weight and muscle mass are greater and fat mass is lower. Conclusion: professional footballers differ by game position compared to other non-sports players and Phantom.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: dadas las características del fútbol, la tendencia en la selección de estos deportistas y su asignación en determinadas posiciones de juego se han visto condicionadas por las características morfológicas que estos presenten, por lo que el conocimiento de las particularidades antropométricas por posición de juego es un antecedente relevante para los cuerpos técnicos del fútbol de élite. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar y comparar las características antropométricas por posición de juego de jugadores de fútbol profesional chileno. Métodos: un total de 390 futbolistas profesionales varones, pertenecientes a 15 clubes profesionales chilenos, fueron evaluados morfológicamente mediante la medición de 25 variables antropométricas, con las que se estimaron la composición corporal, el somatótipo y los Z-score de Phantom. Para la comparación de las variables entre los grupos se utilizó una prueba Chi-cuadrado con nivel de significancia de p < 0,05, utilizando el software SPSS versión 21. Resultados: se observan diferencias entre las posiciones de juego, especialmente entre los porteros y el resto de los jugadores (p < 0,001), quienes presentan más de 2 kg de masa muscular y más de 1,8 kg de masa adiposa, frente a las otras posiciones de juego. Respecto de una muestra se sujetos activos, los futbolistas presentan una composición corporal significativamente distinta; de igual manera ocurre al comparar con Phantom, donde la estatura, el peso y la masa muscular son mayores y la masa adiposa es menor. Conclusión: los futbolistas profesionales presentan diferencias por posición de juego y en comparación a otros sujetos no deportistas y a Phantom.

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INTRODUCTION: there is hardly any reference in scientific literature regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of hand Basque pelota players (pelotaris). OBJECTIVES: the aim of this research was to analyze and compare the anthropometry features and body composition of professional pelotaris and under-23 (U23) pelotaris, to create an anthropometric profile of this sport. METHODS: the participants were ten U23 pelotaris, and eight professional pelotaris. Anthropometric measurements were taken following the International Society of Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. Fat mass (FM) was calculated using the Yushasz equation modified by Carter and muscle mass (MM) using Lee equation. For the somatotype components, the Carter y Heath equation was applied. The hydration level (kg of body water) of the players was measured with a four-pole kind bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analyzer. Spss was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: professional pelotaris have significantly lower FM (p < 0.05) and lower sum of 4, 6 and 8 skinfolds (p = 0.001), higher MM (p = 0.015), and a less endomorphic somatotype (p < 0.001) than U23 pelotaris. Professionals have a greater amount of body water (p = 0.001) and a larger bistyloid diameter (p = 0.014). Professional pelotaris have a morphotype characterized by a low FM 8.9 ± 1.1% and medium MM 47 ± 1.7%, height of 183.0 ± 7.1 cm and BM of 85.9 ± 7.6 kg. CONCLUSION: The main results of the present study show that non-modifiable anthropometric features by training (e.g. height, arm span and wrist breadth) are important to become a professional pelotaris. Moreover, training and diet related features have been showed to be better in professional pelotaris (low FM, higher MM and high body water amount) than U23 pelotaris.

Introducción: casi no hay ninguna referencia sobre las características antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de la mano de los jugadores de pelota vasca (pelotaris) en la literatura científica. Objetivos: el objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la composición corporal de pelotaris profesionales y sub-23 para crear el perfil antropométrico de este deporte. Métodos: participaron diez pelotaris sub-23 y ocho pelotaris profesionales. Las medidas antropométricas fueron recogidas siguiendo el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional de Promoción de Protocolo Cineantropometría (ISAK). La masa grasa (FM) se calculó utilizando la ecuación Yushasz modificada por Carter, y la masa muscular (MM) mediante la ecuación de Lee. Los componentes del somatotipo fueron estimados mediante la ecuación Carter y Heath. El nivel de hidratación de los pelotaris se midió con un analizador tetrapolar de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). Resultados: los pelotaris profesionales tienen significativamente menor FM (en % (p = 0,001); en kg (p = 0,025) y en los sumatorios de 4, 6 y 8 pliegues cutáneos (p = 0,001); mayor MM (p = 0,015) y un menor componente endomórfico (p < 0,001) que los pelotaris sub-23. Asimismo, los profesionales tienen una mayor cantidad de agua corporal (p = 0,001) y un diámetro mayor biestiloideo de muñeca (p = 0,014). Los pelotaris profesionales son un morfotipo caracterizado por una baja FM (8,9 ± 1,1%) y una intermedia MM (47 ± 1,7%), además de tener una altura de 183,0 ± 7,1 cm y un peso de 85,9 ± 7,6 kg. Conclusión: los principales resultados de este estudio mostraron que las características antropométricas no modificables por el entrenamiento (por ejemplo, altura, envergadura y diámetro de la muñeca) son componentes importantes para convertirse en un pelotari profesional. Por otra parte, las características relacionadas con el entrenamiento y la dieta han mostrado ser mejores en los pelotaris profesionales (menor FM y mayor MM).

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Introduction: there is hardly any reference in scientific literature regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of hand Basque pelota players (pelotaris). Objectives: the aim of this research was to analyze and compare the anthropometry features and body composition of professional pelotaris and under-23 (U23) pelotaris, to create an anthropometric profile of this sport. Methods: the participants were ten U23 pelotaris, and eight professional pelotaris. Anthropometric measurements were taken following the International Society of Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. Fat mass (FM) was calculated using the Yushasz equation modified by Carter and muscle mass (MM) using Lee equation. For the somatotype components, the Carter y Heath equation was applied. The hydration level (kg of body water) of the players was measured with a four-pole kind bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analyzer. Spss was used for the statistical analysis. Results: professional pelotaris have significantly lower FM (p < 0.05) and lower sum of 4, 6 and 8 skinfolds (p = 0.001), higher MM (p = 0.015), and a less endomorphic somatotype (p < 0.001) than U23 pelotaris. Professionals have a greater amount of body water (p = 0.001) and a larger bistyloid diameter (p = 0.014). Professional pelotaris have a morphotype characterized by a low FM 8.9 ± 1.1% and medium MM 47 ± 1.7%, height of 183.0 ± 7.1 cm and BM of 85.9 ± 7.6 kg. Conclusion: The main results of the present study show that non-modifiable anthropometric features by training (e.g. height, arm span and wrist breadth) are important to become a professional pelotaris. Moreover, training and diet related features have been showed to be better in professional pelotaris (low FM, higher MM and high body water amount) than U23 pelotaris (AU)

Introducción: casi no hay ninguna referencia sobre las características antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de la mano de los jugadores de pelota vasca (pelotaris) en la literatura científica. Objetivos: el objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la composición corporal de pelotaris profesionales y sub-23 para crear el perfil antropométrico de este deporte. Métodos: participaron diez pelotaris sub-23 y ocho pelotaris profesionales. Las medidas antropométricas fueron recogidas siguiendo el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional de Promoción de Protocolo Cineantropometría (ISAK). La masa grasa (FM) se calculó utilizando la ecuación Yushasz modificada por Carter, y la masa muscular (MM) mediante la ecuación de Lee. Los componentes del somatotipo fueron estimados mediante la ecuación Carter y Heath. El nivel de hidratación de los pelotaris se midió con un analizador tetrapolar de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). Resultados: los pelotaris profesionales tienen significativamente menor FM (en % (p = 0,001); en kg (p = 0,025) y en los sumatorios de 4, 6 y 8 pliegues cutáneos (p = 0,001); mayor MM (p = 0,015) y un menor componente endomórfico (p < 0,001) que los pelotaris sub-23. Asimismo, los profesionales tienen una mayor cantidad de agua corporal (p = 0,001) y un diámetro mayor biestiloideo de muñeca (p = 0,014). Los pelotaris profesionales son un morfotipo caracterizado por una baja FM (8,9 ± 1,1%) y una intermedia MM (47 ± 1,7%), además de tener una altura de 183,0 ± 7,1 cm y un peso de 85,9 ± 7,6 kg. Conclusión: los principales resultados de este estudio mostraron que las características antropométricas no modificables por el entrenamiento (por ejemplo, altura, envergadura y diámetro de la muñeca) son componentes importantes para convertirse en un pelotari profesional. Por otra parte, las características relacionadas con el entrenamiento y la dieta han mostrado ser mejores en los pelotaris profesionales (menor FM y mayor MM) (AU)

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La tendencia en la formación en el futbol, determina que las variables antropométricas sean importantes al momento de definir entre otras cosas, la posición de juego más idónea. Estos parámetros morfológicos son una parte esencial de la evaluación y selección de los deportistas. Estos patrones permiten determinar la evolución física del futbolista desde temprana edad, lo que ayuda enormemente en la intervención de los mismos. Se evaluó antropométricamente, a un total de 406 futbolistas profesionales, pertenecientes a 15 clubes chilenos, de los cuales 12 pertenecen a Primera División y 3 clubes a Primera B. Existen diferencias en algunas variables antropométricas básicas por posición de juego, que nos ponen en desventaja frente a otros jugadores internacionales, como la estatura. No hay diferencias en el Phantom ni en el somatotipo por posición de juego, es decir tienen variables relativamente homogéneas. Esto podría hacernos pensar que un jugador puede desempeñarse en cualquier posición de juego, pero hemos visto que la estatura, el peso y la masa grasa son distintas por cada posición, por lo que cada jugador tiene su función y sus propias características en las que los entrenadores y preparadores deben fijarse al momento de ubicar a cada jugador en su función específica.

The trend in the formation in football, determines that the anthropometric variables are important when defining among other things, the most suitable playing position. These morphological parameters are an essential part of the evaluation and selection of athletes. These patterns can determine the physical evolution of football from an early age, which helps tremendously in the operation thereof. Anthropometrically, a total of 406 professional footballers from 15 Chilean clubs were evaluated, of which 12 belong to the first division clubs and 3 to First B. There are differences in some basic anthropometric variables by playing position, which places us at a disadvantage compared to other international players, such as height. No differences in the Phantom or the somatotype by playing position, i.e. variables are relatively homogeneous. This could suggest that a player can perform at any position in the game, but we have seen that the height, weight and fat mass are different for each position, so that each player has their own characteristics and their role in the coaches and trainers should be fixed at the time of placing each player on their specific function.

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Nuestro objetivo fue establecer qué parámetros antropométricos y de maduración se correlacionan con el rendimiento en remo-ergómetro en una muestra de 114 adolescentes de ambos sexos sin experiencia previa en remo. Los resultados demuestran una gran correlación entre masa corporal y rendimiento, aunque esta asociación disminuyó cuando la masa corporal se ajustó por un coeficiente para compensar la mayor resistencia en el agua generada por el arrastre. La estatura, la longitud de piernas, y la envergadura de brazos se correlacionaron moderadamente luego de del ajuste de la masa corporal en varones, pero no en niñas. El ajuste de maduración por antropometría mostró una gran correlación con el rendimiento, pero disminuyó luego de aplicar la corrección por tamaño. La predicción de la estatura adulta reveló que pocos de estos adolescentes crecerían hasta la estatura de los competidores de remo de elite de categoría abierta(AU)

We aimed to establish which anthropometric and maturity offset parameters correlate with rowing ergometer performance in a sample of 114 adolescent, rowing-inexperienced boys and girls. Results showed high correlations between body mass and performance, but these reduced when body mass was scaled to account for increased on-water drag resistance. Height, leg length and arm span remained moderately correlated after size-adjustment in boys, but not in girls. Anthropometric maturity offset showed a high correlation with performance, but decreased with size-adjustment. Final height estimation revealed that few of these adolescents would reach the height of elite open-weight competitors(AU)

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Introducción y objetivos: Existe un vacío de información sobre la antropometría y elefecto de fecha de nacimiento de los jugadores de hockey juveniles de élite.Objetivos: a) Describir las características antropométricas de jugadores de hockey juvenil deélite en Argentina; b) establecer diferencias en el físico, la edad deportiva y el efecto de lafecha de nacimiento entre los jugadores seleccionados para el mundial juvenil y quienesquedaron fuera, y c) establecer si existen diferencias en las longitudes de los miembros entreestos jugadores de élite y una muestra normal de referencia adulta local.Métodos: Se evaluaron longitudes, alturas, diámetros, perímetros, pliegues y masa corporalen 35 jugadores de hockey juveniles que componían la base y la selección argentina para elmundial de 2005 (edad 19,0 ± 1,0 años; peso 70,7 ± 5,4 kg; estatura 176,4 ± 6,4 cm).Paralelamente se realizó una encuesta sobre la edad deportiva y la fecha de nacimiento.Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variablesestructurales del esqueleto entre esta muestra y una referencia normativa local, nientre la submuestra seleccionada y los no-seleccionados, ni en la edad deportiva (p =0,11) ni en el efecto de fecha de nacimiento (p = 0,11).Conclusiones: El hockey sobre hierba masculino es un deporte con requerimientos deestructura ósea normales, y sin efecto de la fecha de nacimiento, en Argentina(AU)

Introduction and purpose: There is a lack of published data on the anthropometric andrelative-age effect of elite youth field hockey players.Purposes: (a) To establish the anthropometric characteristics of elite junior Argentinemale field hockey players; (b) to look for differences in physique, years of playing and birth-date effect between the final players selected to make up the team and those whowere not selected out of the original pre-selected sample; and (c) to establish whetherthere are any differences in proportional limb lengths between elite junior hockeyplayers and a local reference sample.Methods: Thirty five elite Argentine junior field hockey players pre-selected to form the baseof the national junior team for the 2005 Junior World Cup (age 19.0 ± 1.0 years; weight 70.7± 5.4 kg; height 176.4 ± 6.4 cm). A full anthropometric battery including lengths, heights,breadths, girths, and skinfolds, plus number of years playing and date of birth.Results: No statistically significant differences were found in skeletal structuraldimensions when compared to a reference sample, nor between finally selected andnon-selected players in anthropometric dimensions, playing history (P = .11) andrelative-age effect (P = .11).Conclusion: Male field hockey is a sport with normal bone-structural requirements, andwith a lack of birth-date effect in Argentina(AU)

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Implementation of a nutrition programme for team sports involves application of scientific research together with the social skills necessary to work with a sports medicine and coaching staff. Both field and court team sports are characterized by intermittent activity requiring a heavy reliance on dietary carbohydrate sources to maintain and replenish glycogen. Energy and substrate demands are high during pre-season training and matches, and moderate during training in the competitive season. Dietary planning must include enough carbohydrate on a moderate energy budget, while also meeting protein needs. Strength and power team sports require muscle-building programmes that must be accompanied by adequate nutrition, and simple anthropometric measurements can help the nutrition practitioner monitor and assess body composition periodically. Use of a body mass scale and a urine specific gravity refractometer can help identify athletes prone to dehydration. Sports beverages and caffeine are the most common supplements, while opinion on the practical effectiveness of creatine is divided. Late-maturing adolescent athletes become concerned about gaining size and muscle, and assessment of maturity status can be carried out with anthropometric procedures. An overriding consideration is that an individual approach is needed to meet each athlete's nutritional needs.

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Introducción y objetivos: La ingesta nutricional del futbolista adolescente es importante para garantizar el crecimiento y el rendimiento deportivo adecuados. Las recomendaciones nutricionales para deportistas jóvenes son debatibles, y no existen datos sobre la alimentación de jugadores juveniles argentinos. El propósito de este estudio es describir la ingesta nutricional de jugadores de divisiones inferiores de un club de fútbol de Argentina, establecer el estado nutricional-antropométrico y comparar las diferencias entre los deportistas y una muestra no-deportista. Métodos: Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y bioquímicas, y se realizaron encuestas nutricionales,en 91 jugadores juveniles de un club de fútbol de Buenos Aires y en 198 adolescentes del proyecto Deporte Social.Resultados: No se hallaron valores antropométrico-nutricionales anormales en los futbolistas,aunque el 8,9% de los adolescentes no-deportistas tenía sobrepeso. La ingesta energética promedio de los jugadores fue de 3.520±961 kcal; con aportes de 16±3% de proteínas, 51±11%de hidratos de carbono y 31±10% de lípidos. La energía fue provista por almidones (33%),carne (17%), grasas (15%), lácteos (12%), frutas y verduras (14%), y azúcares (8%). Los jugadorescomían más carne, lácteos, frutas, verduras y grasas que sus pares no-deportistas, aunque menosalmidones y azúcares (p < 0,05), y mostraron valores superiores de hemoglobina y menores de colesterol (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los jugadores poseen un estado antropométrico-nutricional adecuado, y la ingesta nutricional es superior en proteínas y lípidos e inferior en hidratos de carbono a las recomendaciones para estos adolescentes deportistas. Comparado con jóvenes no-deportistas,ingieren alimentos de mejor calidad nutricional(AU)

Introduction and objectives: The nutritional consumption of adolescent footballer is importantto ensure growth and a suitable sports performance. Nutritional recommendations for youngathletes are controversial, and there are no data on the diet of young Argentinian footballplayers. The objective of this study is to describe the nutritional ingestion of footballer in thelower division of a football club in Argentina, to establish the nutritional-anthropometric statusand compare the differences between athletes and non-athletes.Methods: Anthropometric and biochemistry measurements were performed, and nutritionalquestionnaires were completed by 91 young football players of a Buenos Aires football club andin 198 adolescents in a Social Sport Project.Results: No abnormal anthropometric-nutritional values were found in the footballer, although8.9% of the non-athlete adolescents were overweight. The average energy ingested by thefootballers was 3520±961 Kcal; which included 16%±3 proteins, 51%±11 carbohydrates and31%±10 lipids. The energy was provided by starches (33%), meat (17%), fats (15%), milk products(12%), fruit and vegetables (14%), and sugars (8%). The football players ate more meat, milkproducts, fruit, vegetables and fats than their non-athlete peers, although less starches andsugars (P < .05), and they had higher haemoglobin and lower cholesterol values (P < .05).Conclusions: The footballers have an adequate anthropometric-nutritional status and nutritionalingestion is higher in proteins and lipids and lower in carbohydrates to those recommendedfor adolescent athletes. Compared to young non-athletes, they consume food of a better nutritionalquality(AU)

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La valoración de líquidos corporales en el deportista, agua corporal total (ACT), agua intracelular (AI) y agua extracelular (AE), es un factor de suma importancia para el entrenamiento y la competición. La impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) es cada vez más utilizada en el ámbito de la salud y del deporte por ser un método simple y no invasivo. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la capacidad de la BIA de última generación para detectar cambios en los fluidos corporales debidos a la deshidratación inducida por el ejercicio. Se estudiaron 19 remeros. Antes del ejercicio se valoró su composición corporal con método antropométrico como modelo de referencia y se estimaron el ACT, AI y AE con un aparato BIA segmental y multifrecuencia. Seguidamente se sometió a los deportistas a una sesión de entrenamiento sobre remoergómetro de 56 minutos de duración. Al finalizar fueron pesados nuevamente y sometidos a una segunda evaluación con BIA. La pérdida de líquido corporal inducida por el ejercicio y medida con balanza arrojó resultados significativos, siendo de 1,6 ± 0,36 kg. Sin embargo, las diferencias registradas por BIA, antes y después del ejercicio, para el ACT, AI yAE, no fueron significativas (p < 0,05).Tampoco se ha encontrado concordancia entre el método de balanza y el método BIA para estimar cambios en líquidos corporales y se ha hallado una media para las diferencias de 1,24 kg. Por lo tanto, concluimos que BIA no sirve para registrar cambios en los compartimentos acuosos corporales tras una sesión de ejercicio, ya que los niveles hídricos se registraron de forma cuantitativamente incorrecta (AU)

Evaluating the body fluids in athletes, as well as their total body water (TBW), intra (ICW) and extracelular water (ECW), is an important factor for the training and competition. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) is becoming more and more useful in both heath and sport fields becauseit is a simple and non invasive method. The purpose of this study is to analyse the capability of state-of-the-art BIA devices in order to check any changes in body fluids due to de hydration as a consequence of exercise. The 19 rowers participating in this study. Before the exercise we evaluated their body composition with the anthropometric method as a reference model, and we estimated the TBW, ICW and ECW with a segmental and multifrequency BIA. Afterwards, subjects went through a 56-minutetraining session by ergo-rower. When finishing they we reweighed and subjected to a second evaluation. The loss of body fluids due to exercise and measured with the bascule provided us with significant results, 1.6 ± 0.4kg. However, the different values recorded by BIA, before and after the exercise for the TBW, ICW and ECW were not significant (p < 0.05).Concordance Bland-Altman analysis not confirmed good agreement between the bascule and the BIA methods, in order to estimate the change in body fluids. The average one for the estimation difference was 1.24 kg. Therefore we conclude that BIA is not used to record changes in body water compartments after a workout because water levels were recorded on a quantitatively incorrect (AU)

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The large variability in size and structure between playing positions in rugby merits specific kinanthropometric profiling. We aim to report detailed descriptive anthropometric data of a sample of 133 rugby players stratified by field positions (age 24.3 +/- 3.6 years, body mass 89.5 +/- 13.2 kg, and stature 178.8 +/- 7.3 cm) belonging to seven Group I teams competing in the Buenos Aires Rugby Union, and to find out if front row forwards (FR) have larger muscle and skeletal parameters. Body composition was analysed with the five-way fractionation method, expressing tissue masses in absolute terms, relative to weight as percentages and to stature as phantom z-scores. Furthermore, somatotype, body mass index, sum of six skinfolds, and muscle-to-bone ratio were calculated. Players were subsequently grouped into three positional clusters and muscular-skeletal elements compared, showing FR to have larger proportional muscle and skeletal structure than remaining forwards and backs (P < 0.001), albeit a similar muscle-to-bone ratio (P = 0.060). When compared to a sample of the top six teams at the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the Buenos Aires players were considerably smaller, measuring, on average, 3-11 cm less in height and 6-13 kg less in weight.

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