RESUMEN
It has been demonstrated that Lantana camara possesses several therapeutic properties that can be used to treat various human diseases, including dermatological and gastrointestinal conditions, tetanus, malaria, and tumours. In this investigation, every collected part of L. camara was extracted with absolute methanol to examine its antioxidant capacity using the DPPH assay and its anti-leukemia activity on two AML cell lines, MOLM-13 and MV4-11. In addition, anti-inflammatory effectiveness was evaluated. The results show that extracts from various sections of L. camara have a significant ability to neutralize free radicals, as indicated by their EC50 values. Most of the extracts had values less than 100 µg/ml, with the flower extract having an even lower value of less than 50 µg/ml. Experiments on two AML cell lines showed that the anti-leukemia effects of the extracts were remarkable, with the most potent impact belonging to the root extract (IC50 was 9.78 ± 0.61 and 12.48 ± 1.69 for MOLM-13 and MV4-11 cell lines). The antitumor effect of the extracts was determined to be time- and dose-dependent and did not correlate with antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, when BJ cells were exposed to L. camara root and leaf extracts, their migratory potential was dramatically reduced compared to untreated cells. The extracts demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory capabilities by lowering NO production in LPS-induced BJ cells.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Lantana , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Lantana/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: Survey data from 10 diverse countries were used to analyse the social location of harms from others' drinking: which segments of the population are more likely to be adversely affected by such harm, and how does this differ between societies? METHODS: General-population surveys in Australia, Chile, India, Laos, New Zealand, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United States and Vietnam, with a primary focus on the social location of the harmed person by gender, age groups, rural/urban residence and drinking status. Harms from known drinkers were analysed separately from harms from strangers. RESULTS: In all sites, risky or moderate drinkers were more likely than abstainers to report harm from the drinking of known drinkers, with risky drinkers the most likely to report harm. This was also generally true for harm from strangers' drinking, although the patterns were more mixed in Vietnam and Thailand. Harm from strangers' drinking was more often reported by males, while gender disparity in harm from known drinkers varied between sites. Younger adults were more likely to experience harm both from known drinkers and from strangers in some, but not all, societies. Only a few sites showed significant urban/rural differences, with disparities varying in direction. In multivariate analyses, most relationships remained, although some were no longer significant. CONCLUSION: The social location of harms from others' drinking, whether known or a stranger, varies considerably between societies. One near-commonality among the societies is that those who are themselves risky drinkers are more likely to suffer harm from others' drinking.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Intoxicación Alcohólica/epidemiología , Relaciones Interpersonales , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Australia/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Laos/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Nigeria/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Sri Lanka/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tailandia/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Vietnam/epidemiología , Heridas y Lesiones/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Women are reported to have greater mortality after stroke than men, but the reasons are uncertain. We examined sex differences in mortality at 1 and 5 years after stroke and identified factors contributing to these differences. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individual participant data for incident strokes were obtained from 13 population-based incidence studies conducted in Europe, Australasia, South America, and the Caribbean between 1987 and 2013. Data on sociodemographics, stroke-related factors, prestroke health, and 1- and 5-year survival were obtained. Poisson modeling was used to estimate the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for women compared with men at 1 year (13 studies) and 5 years (8 studies) after stroke. Study-specific adjusted MRRs were pooled to create a summary estimate using random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, 16 957 participants with first-ever stroke followed up at 1 year and 13 216 followed up to 5 years were included. Crude pooled mortality was greater for women than men at 1 year (MRR 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.47) and 5 years (MRR 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.38). However, these pooled sex differences were reversed after adjustment for confounding factors (1 year MRR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.92 and 5-year MRR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89). Confounding factors included age, prestroke functional limitations, stroke severity, and history of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: Greater mortality in women is mostly because of age but also stroke severity, atrial fibrillation, and prestroke functional limitations. Lower survival after stroke among the elderly is inevitable, but there may be opportunities for intervention, including better access to evidence-based care for cardiovascular and general health.
Asunto(s)
Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Australasia/epidemiología , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , América del Sur/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify health disparities in pediatric patients with melanoma that affect disease presentation and outcome. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of all persons aged ≤18 years diagnosed with melanoma and enrolled in the Texas Cancer Registry between 1995 and 2009. Socioeconomic status (SES) and driving distance to the nearest pediatric cancer treatment center were calculated for each patient. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with advanced-stage disease. Life table methods and Cox regression were used to estimate survival probability and hazard ratios. RESULTS: A total of 185 adolescents (age >10 years) and 50 young children (age ≤10 years) were identified. Hispanics (n = 27; 12%) were 3 times more likely than non-Hispanic whites (n = 177; 75%) to present with advanced disease (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.7-8.8). Young children were twice as likely as adolescents to present with advanced disease (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3). Distance to treatment center and SES did not affect stage of disease at presentation. Hispanics and those in the lowest SES quartile had a significantly higher mortality risk (hazard ratios, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.2-7.8] and 4.3 [95% CI, 1.4-13.9], respectively). In the adjusted survival model, only advanced disease was predictive of mortality (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Hispanics and young children with melanoma are more likely to present with advanced disease, and advanced disease is the single most important predictor of survival. Heightened awareness among physicians is needed to facilitate early detection of melanoma within these groups.
Asunto(s)
Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Melanoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/economía , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/etnología , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/etnología , Melanoma/mortalidad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Sistema de Registros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etnología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/mortalidad , Clase Social , Análisis de Supervivencia , Texas/epidemiología , Población BlancaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on pediatric appendicitis outcomes using the validated Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) SES Index and incorporating block-group data. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed all patients <18 years old who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis from 2009-2013 at our institution. Patient addresses were geocoded and linked to 2010 US Census SES block-group data to determine composite AHRQ SES Index scores based on 7 publically reported SES variables. The primary outcome was appendiceal perforation, and the impact of SES scores, age, race, and insurance status on perforation rates were assessed through regression analyses. RESULTS: Of 1501 patients, 510 (34%) had perforated appendicitis. On bivariate analysis, components of the SES Index associated with an increased perforation rate included lower household income, lower percentage of adults with college education, and higher percentage of adults with <12th grade education (all P < .05). On multivariate analysis, age ≤ 10 years (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.2) and public insurance (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) were associated with increased odds of perforation. CONCLUSIONS: This study used the AHRQ SES scoring system to evaluate SES and its influence on appendiceal perforation. Among our cohort of pediatric patients, the risk of perforation was multifactorial, and younger age and public insurance were stronger predictors of perforation than SES.
Asunto(s)
Apendicectomía , Apendicitis/cirugía , Clase Social , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Apendicitis/epidemiología , Censos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Asistencia Médica/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis Multivariante , Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Cell-cell interaction is important in the expansion of leukemic cells and of solid tumors. Steel factor (SF) or Kit ligand is produced as a membrane-bound form (mSF) and a soluble form. Because both primary gynecological tumors and primary leukemic cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) have been shown to coexpress c-Kit and SF, we addressed the question of whether mSF could contribute to cell interaction in these cancers. Investigations on primary cervical carcinomas have been hindered by the fact that the cells do not grow in culture. We report herein the establishment of two cervical carcinoma cell lines, CALO and INBL, that reproduce the pattern of SF/c-Kit expression observed in primary tumor samples. In addition, these cells exhibit marked density-dependent growth much in the same way as AML blasts. Using an antisense strategy with phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides that specifically target SF without affecting other surface markers, we provide direct evidence for a role of mSF and c-Kit in cell interaction and cell survival in these gynecological tumor cell lines as well as in primary AML blasts. Finally, our study defines the importance of juxtacrine stimulation, which may be as important, if not more, than autocrine stimulation in cancers.