RESUMEN
Ten cases of small intestinal tympany with or without volvulus were documented in Central American river turtles (Dermatemys mawii). These turtles were under managed care at the Philadelphia Zoo in Philadelphia, PA, USA, with one case followed after transfer to a different institution. The primary clinical presentation was abnormal buoyancy in nearly all cases (9/10) and anorexia in two cases (2/10). Five of 10 turtles with suspected or radiographically confirmed small intestinal tympany recovered (5/10), whereas five cases (5/ 10) resulted in death or euthanasia. In all fatal cases (5/5), small intestinal volvulus was identified at gross necropsy, with concurrent colonic volvulus identified in 2/5 cases. Other notable necropsy findings were hepatic lipidosis (3/5) and thrombosis of intestinal or renal vasculature (2/5). In all fatal cases (5/5), there was short (1 to 2 days) clinical progression from abnormal buoyancy to death or euthanasia. In the majority of cases (6/10), an abrupt change in diet, notably the overfeeding of fresh fruit or excessive amounts of mulberry (Morus spp.) browse, or ingestion of indigestible foreign material, occurred prior to presentation. Temporary suboptimal environmental temperatures were suspected prior to the onset of clinical signs in 4/10 cases. Optimal husbandry conditions including nutrition and environmental temperature appear vital to preventing this condition. Recognition of early clinical signs of this condition, such as abnormal buoyancy and anorexia, and environmental correction or medical therapy, may prevent fatality and result in a better outcome in these cases.
Asunto(s)
Vólvulo Intestinal , Tortugas , Animales , Vólvulo Intestinal/diagnóstico , Vólvulo Intestinal/veterinaria , Anorexia/veterinaria , Dieta , América CentralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: An obstetrician on standby assessed an 18-year-old primiparous captive gorilla with a term singleton fetus with a protracted labor course. CASE: After it was determined that an arrest of descent had occurred, a viable, 2,280 g male neonate was delivered through an operative vaginal birth with forceps assistance without major complications. CONCLUSION: Given the numerous anatomic and biochemical similarities of humans and other great apes, it is possible that the high maternal mortality and stillbirth rates of gorillas could be reduced by using the same principles of obstetric management in a multidisciplinary fashion.
Asunto(s)
Extracción Obstétrica/veterinaria , Gorilla gorilla , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Congo , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Extracción Obstétrica/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Forceps Obstétrico/veterinaria , EmbarazoRESUMEN
This communication reports a partially reversible chemical immobilization protocol used for translocation and veterinary care in giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis; GO). Six GOs (three males and three females) weighing 24.8 +/- 4.0 kg (mean +/- SD) and ranging in age from 16 to 42 mo old were anesthetized with an i.m. combination of medetomidine (29 +/- 3 microg/kg) and ketamine (3.9 +/- 0.4 mg/kg). To perform all procedures, two otters required an additional dose of ketamine (1.5 mg/kg). Anesthesia was reversed with atipamezole i.m. (147 +/- 14 mg/kg). The mean induction time and recovery times were 12 +/- 5 and 4 min (range, 0-9 min), respectively, with an anesthesia time of 47 +/- 16 min. According to these results, the combination of medetomidine (30 microg/kg i.m.) and ketamine (4 mg/kg i.m.) is a reasonable choice for inducing anesthesia in GOs.
Asunto(s)
Imidazoles/farmacología , Inmovilización/veterinaria , Ketamina/farmacología , Medetomidina/farmacología , Nutrias , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacología , Anestesia/veterinaria , Anestésicos Disociativos/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Disociativos/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Imidazoles/administración & dosificación , Ketamina/administración & dosificación , Ketamina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Medetomidina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Anesthesia in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) may be complicated by apnea. Although emergent orotracheal intubation may be possible in other species, the particular anatomy of the anteater prevents a smooth intubation. A technique, developed on a cadaver model, is described for a surgical approach to the trachea of the giant anteater that may be used to secure an airway in an anesthetized animal under emergent conditions. The approach is complicated by the presence of the large paired submaxillary salivary gland and the relatively deep and caudal position of the larynx relative to the ramus of the mandible. This procedure, however, appears to be a feasible method to achieve endotracheal intubation in the anteater.