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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly modified the behavior of societies. The application of isolation measures during the crisis resulted in changes in the acoustic environment. The aim of this work was to characterize the perception of the acoustic environment during the COVID-19 lockdown of people residing in Argentina in 2020. A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was carried out. A virtual survey was conducted from April 14 to 26, 2020, and was answered mainly by social network users. During this period, Argentina was in a strict lockdown. The sample was finally composed of 1371 people between 18 and 79 years old. It was observed that most of the participants preferred the new acoustic environment. Mainly in the larger cities, before the isolation, mechanical sounds predominated, accompanied by the perception of irritation. Confinement brought a decrease in mechanical sounds and an increase in biological sounds, associated with feelings of tranquility and happiness. The time window opened by the lockdown offered an interesting scenario to assess the effect of anthropogenic noise pollution on the urban environment. This result offers a subjective approach, which contributes to understanding the link between individuals and communities with the environment.

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Purposes The aims of this study are (a) to characterize the hearing of adolescents from four schools of Córdoba, Argentina, through the analysis of conventional and extended high-frequency audiometric thresholds and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and (b) to analyze the association between the mentioned hearing tests and exposure to music. Method It was a cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. Hearing thresholds (250-16000 Hz), transient evoked OAEs, and distortion product OAEs were evaluated in 225 adolescents (450 ears) aged 14 and 15 years. The ears were split into two groups: Group 1 had thresholds ≤ 21 dB HL in all frequencies, and Group 2 had thresholds > 21 dB HL in at least one. Exposure to music was evaluated through a questionnaire. Results Statistically significant differences were found in both ears between Groups 1 and 2. A notch at 3000-6000 Hz was noted in both groups. Group 2 showed a progressive threshold increase from 9000 Hz. Amplitude decrease, negative values, absent distortion product OAEs, and transient evoked OAEs were noted even in Group 1. A statistically significant association between Groups 1 and 2 and the presence/absence of OAEs was observed in most frequencies. Ears with moderate or high exposure to music had greater hearing thresholds compared to ears with low exposure at most frequencies; this was more evident in Group 1. Regarding exposure to music and OAEs, no significant differences were found between the exposure categories. Conclusions The findings highlight the value of implementing hearing conservation programs in Argentina, analyzing hearing tests correlated with questionnaires about recreational noise exposure in order to detect vulnerable ears early.

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Introduction: The process of auditory closure is defined as the ability to complete distorted or missing parts of the acoustic signal and recognize the message in its entirety, is executed daily and should be intact in adolescents. Objectives: To determine the possible alteration of auditory closure according to central auditory processing tests and the psycholinguistic skills in adolescents and; to analyze the relation between the academic performance with central auditory processing tests and psycholinguistic abilities. Methods: A descriptive and transversal study was carried out. 235 adolescents were assessed with normal hearing and without added pathologies. Central auditory processing (CAP) tests from Neustadt et al. and the Illinois Psycholinguistic Aptitude Test (IPAT) to assess psycholinguistic skills (HP). Results: No association was found (p> 0.05) between the specific tests that evaluate the auditory closure (monosyllables with noise and filtered speech of CAP and auditory integration of HP). Regarding academic performance, a statistically significant association was observed (p> 0.05) with three of four psycholinguistic abilities: auditory association, sequential memory and grammatical integration. In turn, there was a significant association between academic performance and one of the four CAP tests: SSW. Conclusion: This research presents an approach on the interrelation between audiological and linguistic tests to detect early alterations in auditory closure in order to arrive at an integral look that contributes to the therapeutics of the problem in adolescents.

Introducción: El proceso de cierre auditivo es definido como la habilidad para completar partes distorsionadas o ausentes de la señal acústica y reconocer el mensaje en su totalidad, se ejecuta a diario y debería estar íntegro en los adolescentes. Objetivos: determinar la posible alteración del cierre auditivo según las pruebas de procesamiento auditivo central y las habilidades psicolingüísticas en los adolescentes y; analizar la relación entre el rendimiento académico con las pruebas de procesamiento auditivo central y con las habilidades psicolingüísticas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se evaluaron 235 adolescentes con audición normal y sin patologías agregadas. Se aplicaron pruebas de procesamiento auditivo central (PAC) de Neustadt y cols. y el Test Illinois de Aptitudes Psicolingüísticas (ITPA) para evaluar las habilidades psicolingüísticas (HP). Resultados: No se encontró asociación (p>0,05) entre las pruebas específicas que evalúan al cierre auditivo (monosílabos con ruido y habla filtrada de PAC e integración auditiva de HP). Respecto al rendimiento académico se observa asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) con tres de cuatro habilidades psicolingüísticas: asociación auditiva, memoria secuencial e integración gramatical. A su vez, se observó asociación significativa entre el rendimiento académico y una de las cuatro pruebas de PAC: SSW. Conclusión: Esta investigación presenta una aproximación sobre la interrelación entre pruebas audiológicas y lingüísticas para detectar tempranamente alteraciones en el cierre auditivo a fin de arribar a una mirada integral que aporte a la terapéutica de la problemática en los adolescentes.

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Urban soundscapes are dynamic and complex multivariable environmental systems. Soundscapes can be organized into three main entities containing the multiple variables: Experienced Environment (EE), Acoustic Environment (AE), and Extra-Acoustic Environment (XE). This work applies a multidimensional and synchronic data-collecting methodology at eight urban environments in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. The EE was assessed by means of surveys, the AE by acoustic measurements and audio recordings, and the XE by photos, video, and complementary sources. In total, 39 measurement locations were considered, where data corresponding to 61 AE and 203 EE were collected. Multivariate analysis and GIS techniques were used for data processing. The types of sound sources perceived, and their extents make up part of the collected variables that belong to the EE, i.e. traffic, people, natural sounds, and others. Sources explaining most of the variance were traffic noise and natural sounds. Thus, a Green Soundscape Index (GSI) is defined here as the ratio of the perceived extents of natural sounds to traffic noise. Collected data were divided into three ranges according to GSI value: 1) perceptual predominance of traffic noise, 2) balanced perception, and 3) perceptual predominance of natural sounds. For each group, three additional variables from the EE and three from the AE were applied, which reported significant differences, especially between ranges 1 and 2 with 3. These results confirm the key role of perceiving natural sounds in a town environment and also support the proposal of a GSI as a valuable indicator to classify urban soundscapes. In addition, the collected GSI-related data significantly helps to assess the overall soundscape. It is noted that this proposed simple perceptual index not only allows one to assess and classify urban soundscapes but also contributes greatly toward a technique for separating environmental sound sources.

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INTRODUCTION: The most common cause of tinnitus is the exposure to noise; in the case of adolescents, music is the main sound source they are exposed to. Currently, one of the hypotheses about the genesis of tinnitus is related to the deterioration in the functioning of the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS). AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of tinnitus in adolescents with normal hearing and to relate it to: (a) the functioning of the MOCS, by the contralateral suppression of the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and (b) the musical general exposure (MGE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted. The sample was composed by adolescents with ages between 14 and 15. Two questionnaires were administered, one in relation to the subjective report of tinnitus and the other in relation to recreational activities to know the MGE. RESULTS: The results showed that the amplitude of frequencies (1000, 1500, 2000, and 3000 Hz) and global amplitude of TEOAEs, with and without acoustic contralateral stimulation, were higher in the group without tinnitus, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The suppressive effect was higher in the group without tinnitus; however, there was no statistically significant difference. Contrastingly, a significant association (P < 0.05) between exposure to music and tinnitus was observed; 72.41% of the adolescents with high exposure to music had tinnitus. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the present investigation provide a contribution to the hypothesis of "the participation of the MOCS." Furthermore, a high MGE can be considered a risk factor for the onset of tinnitus.

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La exposición a ruido no ocupacional y a la música a alto nivel sonoro, constituye un creciente factor de riesgo de pérdida auditiva en adolescentes. Estudios internacionales postulan que una función importante del Sistema Eferente Medial (SEM) es proteger el oído interno frente al ruido mediante un mecanismo reflejo y que puede ser evaluado a través de la Supresión Contralateral (SC) de las otoemisiones acústicas transitorias (TEOAEs). El mecanismo subyacente de este fenómeno no se conoce en su totalidad y los antecedentes sobre el tema son escasos. En esta investigación se analizó la relación entre la Exposición General a Música (EGM), el estado de la función auditiva y el mecanismo de protección coclear. Participaron 91 adolescentes con edades entre 14 y 15 años. Se evaluaron dos dimensiones (a) Psicosocial: se examinó la EGM con un cuestionario de actividades extraescolares y (b) auditiva o sea el funcionamiento del SEM mediante SC de las TEOAEs y los perfiles audiométricos con audiometrías. Los resultados mostraron que la SC no influyó estadísticamente en los perfiles audiométricos y categorías de exposición. Sin embargo, los resultados de la SC se orientan hacia la menor magnitud de efecto supresor, disminución en la respuesta total en relación al descenso de los umbrales auditivos y en relación con las categorías alta y baja de EGM. Es necesario promover trabajos destinados al comportamiento de riesgo auditivo conjuntamente con el mecanismo protector del SEM. De esta manera se podrá contribuir en la identificación temprana de la sensibilidad auditiva en adolescentes expuestos a ruido no ocupacional.

Non-occupational exposure to noise, such as loud music sound level is an increasing risk factor for hearing loss in adolescents. International studies propose that an important function of the medial efferent system (MES) is protect the inner ear against noise by a reflex mechanism and can be evaluated through Contralateral Suppression (CS) of transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) to analyzing the presence or absence of suppressive effect. The absence of suppressive effect is considered a possible alteration of the MES and the role it exerts on the regulation of the outer hair cells. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is not known totality and the background about this topic are limited. However, researches suggests that MES would have an important role in protection against acoustic overstimulation under the hypothesis that a hearing with the presence of suppressive effect would tend to be more protected against exposure to high noise levels while ears with no effect suppressor may be more vulnerable to noise exposure. In this research the relationship between the General Exposure to Music (MGE), the state of hearing function and cochlear protection mechanism were analyzed in 91 adolescents with 14/15 years old, with male predominance, of two technical schools of the city of Córdoba (Argentina). Were evaluated the following dimensions: (a) Psychosocial: MGE through an Out of School Activities Questionnaire to know in detail the participation in five recreational activities to finally analyze the MGE and (b) Audiological: assessment of audiometric profiles, as a subjective method, by audiometry in the conventional frequency ranges (250-8000) Hz and an extended high frequency audiometry (8000-16000) Hz; function of MES assessment, objective method, through CS of TEOAEs to determine the presence or absence of suppressive effect. The study CS of TEOAEs consisted of two steps: Step 1, application of TEOAEs of an ear in form ipsilateral without acoustic stimulation in the contralateral ear (CAS) and Step 2, application of TEOAEs in the ear ipsilateral while applying CAS. Was considered presence of suppressive effect when there was a reduction in the response after the CAS that is to say when the difference of values obtained in the total response with and without CAS was positive. At the same time, was considered absence of suppressive effect in cases of maintained or increased the response after the CAS, obtaining a value of zero or negative. The results of the research showed that in the group with presence of suppressive effect the most of ears is among moderate and high categories of MGE with a lower average magnitude of suppressive effect and a decreased amplitude of the total response in the high category of MGE than the media category. Regarding audiometry the ears with presence of suppressive effect showed higher magnitude in the group of normal hearing thresholds compared with the group of descended hearing thresholds. The results related to CS of the TEOAEs statistically did not influence in the audiometric profiles and the exposure categories. However the results of the CS were oriented towards the smaller magnitude of suppressive effect, decreased total response related with the descended hearing thresholds and high and low categories of MGE. It is necessary to promote and intensify researches in relation to the auditory risk behaviors together with the protection mechanism of MES. In this way, more researches can contribute to the early identification of hearing sensitivity in adolescents exposed to non-occupational noise. It is important to implement a Psycho-Auditory Screening to collaborate in the prevention and promotion of hearing health.

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The soundscape paradigm is comprised of complex living systems where individuals interact moment-by-moment among one another and with the physical environment. The real environments provide promising conditions to reveal deep soundscape behavior, including the multiple components involved and their interrelations as a whole. However, measuring and analyzing the numerous simultaneous variables of soundscape represents a challenge that is not completely understood. This work proposes and applies a comprehensive methodology for multidimensional and synchronic data collection in soundscape. The soundscape variables were organized into three main entities: experienced environment, acoustic environment, and extra-acoustic environment, containing, in turn, subgroups of variables called components. The variables contained in these components were acquired through synchronic field techniques that include surveys, acoustic measurements, audio recordings, photography, and video. The proposed methodology was tested, optimized, and applied in diverse open environments, including squares, parks, fountains, university campuses, streets, and pedestrian areas. The systematization of this comprehensive methodology provides a framework for soundscape research, a support for urban and environment management, and a preliminary procedure for standardization in soundscape data collecting.

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Introducción: los implantes cocleares permiten seleccionar diferentes entornos sonoros para facilitar la escucha en distintos ambientes auditivos. El objetivo fue analizar el reconocimiento de palabras y oraciones en los entornos sonoros Cotidiano, Ruido y Focalizado en usuarios de implante coclear y; relacionar el reconocimiento con el entorno sonoro más utilizado. Material y método: Es un estudio transversal, en el cual se entrevistó, mediante un cuestionario, a 20 usuarios de procesador Freedom o CP810, de entre 15 y 76 años. Se evaluó el reconocimiento del habla mediante palabras y oraciones en los entornos Cotidiano, Ruido y Focalizado en ambientes simulados según las características acústicas para las cuales fue creada cada opción; y se clasificó en Muy bueno, Bueno, Regular y Malo. Resultados: En todos los entornos el reconocimiento fue en general Muy bueno. La mayoría de pacientes obtuvo reconocimiento Muy bueno en Cotidiano. Sin embargo, con ruido de fondo, Focalizado incluyó al mayor número de pacientes con reconocimiento Muy bueno. La totalidad de pacientes manifestó preferencia por algún entorno, siendo Cotidiano el más elegido. El 70% de pacientes utiliza el entorno que le permite la mejor performance de escucha, mientras que el 30% elige una opción diferente a la que le permite alcanzar el mayor reconocimiento del habla tanto de palabras como de oraciones. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que el especialista evalúe el rendimiento en cada entorno para asesorar a los pacientes sobre los beneficios de las diferentes opciones de escucha. Simultáneamente, impulsar investigaciones en nuestra población acerca de esta temática.

Introduction: cochlear implants allow choose between diferents “sound environments” to make listening easier in different auditory environments. The aim was to analyze words and sentences recognition in Everyday, Noise and Focus in cochlear implants users. Relate the recognition with the most “sound environment” used. Material and method: Cross-sectional study. Twenty cochlear implants users were interviewed through a questionnaire. They were using Freedom or CP810 processors. The age range was between 15 and 76 years. Words and sentences perception with Everyday, Noise and Focus was evaluated in simulated environments according to the acoustic characteristics for which each option was created. Recognition was classified in Very Good, Good, Regular and Bad. Results: Mostly, speech recognition was very good in all “sound environments ”. The majority of patients obtained very good recognition in Everyday. However, with background noise, Focus was better. All patients preferred some “sound environment”. Everyday was the most chosen. 70% of patients used the “sound environment” that give them the best listening performance but 30% choose a wrong option. Conclusions: It is suggested that the specialist assess the speech recognition in each “sound environment” to advise patients about the benefits of different listening options. Simultaneously, to promote research in our population on this topic.

Introducão: implantes cocleares permitem selecionar diferentes ambientes sonoros para facilitar a audição em diferentes situações de escuta. O objetivo foi analisar o reconhecimento de palavras e frases em ambientes sonoros Cotidiano, Ruído e Focalizado nos usuários de implante coclear; relacionar reconhecimento com o ambiente sonoro mais utilizado. Material e método: É um estudo transversal em que foram entrevistados por questionário 20 usuários de Freedom ou processador CP810, entre 15 e 76 anos. Reconhecimento da fala foi avaliada usando palavras e frases em Cotidiano, Ruído e Focalizado em ambientes simulados de acordo as características acusticas de cada opção; e ele se classificou em Muito bom, Bom, Regular e Mau. Resultados: Em todos os ambientes o reconhecimento foi geralmente Muito bom. A maioria dos pacientes obteve reconhecimento Muito bom em Cotidiano. No entanto, com o ruído de fundo, Focalizado inclui-o o maior número de pacientes com reconhecimento Muito bom. Todos os pacientes manifestaram preferência por algum ambiente, sendo Cotidiano o mais escolhido. Em 70% dos pacientes, utiliza o ambiente preferido que oferece o maior reconhecimento da fala, enquanto 30% preferem uma opção diferente que lhe permite alcançar o maior reconhecimento da fala em palavras e frases. Conclusões: Sugere-se que o especialista avaliar o desempenho de cada ambiente para aconselhar os pacientes sobre os benefícios de opções de escuta. Simultaneamente impulsionar pesquisa em nossa população sobre este assunto.

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Adolescent exposure to loud music has become a social and health problem whose study demands a holistic approach. The aims of the current study are: (1) To detect early noise-induced hearing loss among adolescents and establish its relationship with their participation in musical recreational activities and (2) to determine sound immission levels in nightclubs and personal music players (PMPs). The participants consisted in 172 14-15 years old adolescents from a technical high school. Conventional and extended high frequency audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and questionnaire on recreational habits were administered. Hearing threshold levels (HTLs) were classified as: normal (Group 1), slightly shifted (Group 2), and significantly shifted (Group 3). The musical general exposure (MGE), from participation in recreational musical activities, was categorized in low, moderate, and high exposure. The results revealed an increase of HTL in Group 2 compared with Group 1 (P < 0.01), in Group 3 compared with Group 2 (P < 0.05) only in extended high frequency range, in Group 3 compared with Group 1 (P < 0.01). Besides, a decrease in mean global amplitude, reproducibility and in frequencies amplitude in Group 2 compared with Group 1 (P < 0.05) and in Group 3 compared with Group 1 (P < 0.05). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in Group 1's HTL between low and high exposure, showing higher HTL in high exposure. The sound immission measured in nightclubs (107.8-112.2) dBA and PMPs (82.9-104.6) dBA revealed sound levels risky for hearing health according to exposure times. It demonstrates the need to implement preventive and hearing health promoting actions in adolescents.

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Young people expose themselves to potentially damaging loud sounds while leisure activities and noise induced hearing loss is diagnosed in increasing number of adolescents. Hearing and music exposure in a group of adolescents of a technical high school was assessed at the ages of: 14-15 (test) and 17-18 (retest). The aims of the current study were: (1) To compare the auditory function between test and retest; (2) to compare the musical exposure levels during recreational activities in test and retest; (3) to compare the auditory function with the musical exposure along time in a subgroup of adolescents. The participants in the test were 172 male; in the retest, this number was reduced to 59. At the test and retest the conventional and extended high frequency audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and recreational habits questionnaire were performed. In the test, hearing threshold levels (HTLs) were classified as: Normal (Group 1), slightly shifted (Group 2), and significantly shifted (Group 3); the Musical General Exposure (MGE), categorized in: Low, moderate, high, and very high exposure. The results revealed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between test and retest in the HTL and global amplitude of TEOAEs in Group 1, showing an increase of the HTL and a decrease TEOAEs amplitude. A subgroup of adolescents, with normal hearing and low exposure to music in the test, showed an increase of the HTL according with the categories of MGE in the retest. To implement educational programs for assessing hearing function, ear vulnerability and to promote hearing health, would be advisable.

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Introducción: Algunas personas presentan una vulnerabilidad especial frente a la exposición excesiva a ruido, provocando una pérdida auditiva inducida por tal estímulo. En la actualidad aún no se conoce en su totalidad el mecanismo subyacente de tal fenómeno y se considera de importancia, dentro del campo de la audiología, indagar sobre el mismo. Una de las formas es profundizar el conocimiento sobre el sistema eferente medial (SEM) y su función protectora ante tales situaciones. El SEM se evalúa de manera indirecta y no invasiva mediante la Supresión Contralateral (SC) de las Otoemisiones AcústicasTransitorias (TEOAEs), constituyendo un estudio relativamente nuevo. Actualmente, tanto su metodología de trabajo como las utilidades y aplicaciones clínicas continúan siendo investigadas y carecen de un consenso de criterios a nivel internacional. La finalidad de esta Tesis Doctoral es conocer las posibles implicancias y aplicaciones clínicas de la SC de las TEOAEs en relación a las pruebas audiológicas subjetivas y el comportamiento de los adolescentes con respecto a la participación enactividades recreativas que suponen exposición a música. Material y Método: La investigación se desarrolló dentro deun Programa de Conservación y Promoción de la Audición en adolescentes implementado en el Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA), UnidadAsociada del CONICET, de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional – Regional Córdoba. El estudio se llevó a cabo con un diseño longitudinal, iniciándose en el año 2006 y finalizando en el año 2011.

SUMMARY: Introduction: Some people show a special vulnerability to excessive exposition to noise, which causes a hearing loss induced by such stimulus. At present, the underlying mechanism of such phenomenon is not completely known and to investigate about this is considered important within the field of audiology. One of the ways to enquire into this problem is to study in depth the medial efferent system (MES) and its protective function in such situations. MES is tested indirectly and in a non-invasive way by means of the Contralateral Suppression (CS) of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs), a relatively new study. Currently, its methodologies as well as its clinical applications are being investigated and there is a lack ofconsensus of criteria at the international level. The aim of this Doctoral Thesis is to get to know the possible implications and clinical applications for CS of the TEOAEs related to the subjective hearing tests and the behavior ofadolescents in recreational activities that involve music exposure. Material and Method: The research wasconducted within a Conservation and Promotion of Hearing in Adolescents Program implemented at the Centro deInvestigación y Transferencia en Acústica, CINTRA, an Associated Unit of CONICET of Universidad TecnológicaNacional - Regional Córdoba.

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Introducción: Algunas personas presentan una vulnerabilidad especial frente a la exposición excesiva a ruido, provocando una pérdida auditiva inducida por tal estímulo. En la actualidad aún no se conoce en su totalidad el mecanismo subyacente de tal fenómeno y se considera de importancia, dentro del campo de la audiología, indagar sobre el mismo. Una de las formas es profundizar el conocimiento sobre el sistema eferente medial (SEM) y su función protectora ante tales situaciones. El SEM se evalúa de manera indirecta y no invasiva mediante la Supresión Contralateral (SC) de las Otoemisiones AcústicasTransitorias (TEOAEs), constituyendo un estudio relativamente nuevo. Actualmente, tanto su metodología de trabajo como las utilidades y aplicaciones clínicas continúan siendo investigadas y carecen de un consenso de criterios a nivel internacional. La finalidad de esta Tesis Doctoral es conocer las posibles implicancias y aplicaciones clínicas de la SC de las TEOAEs en relación a las pruebas audiológicas subjetivas y el comportamiento de los adolescentes con respecto a la participación enactividades recreativas que suponen exposición a música. Material y Método: La investigación se desarrolló dentro deun Programa de Conservación y Promoción de la Audición en adolescentes implementado en el Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA), UnidadAsociada del CONICET, de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional û Regional Córdoba. El estudio se llevó a cabo con un diseño longitudinal, iniciándose en el año 2006 y finalizando en el año 2011.(AU)

SUMMARY: Introduction: Some people show a special vulnerability to excessive exposition to noise, which causes a hearing loss induced by such stimulus. At present, the underlying mechanism of such phenomenon is not completely known and to investigate about this is considered important within the field of audiology. One of the ways to enquire into this problem is to study in depth the medial efferent system (MES) and its protective function in such situations. MES is tested indirectly and in a non-invasive way by means of the Contralateral Suppression (CS) of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs), a relatively new study. Currently, its methodologies as well as its clinical applications are being investigated and there is a lack ofconsensus of criteria at the international level. The aim of this Doctoral Thesis is to get to know the possible implications and clinical applications for CS of the TEOAEs related to the subjective hearing tests and the behavior ofadolescents in recreational activities that involve music exposure. Material and Method: The research wasconducted within a Conservation and Promotion of Hearing in Adolescents Program implemented at the Centro deInvestigación y Transferencia en Acústica, CINTRA, an Associated Unit of CONICET of Universidad TecnológicaNacional - Regional Córdoba.(AU)

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PURPOSE: We describe a program for the promotion of hearing conservation aimed at the adolescent population. The intent of our program is to (a) detect hearing disorders early, as well as to establish their relation to psychosocial and acoustic factors; (b) devise a follow-up procedure to study relevant variables; (c) evaluate the relation between hearing disorders and genetic factors, and (d) raise the social awareness of the effects of noise and its consequences. METHOD: This program, designed to be carried out over a 7-year period, focuses on participants from technical schools in the city of Cordoba, Argentina. Every student will be examined at age 14-15 years and will be reexamined at age 17-18. There will be a yearly follow-up in those cases in which disorders are detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the organization and planning of this program, together with its launching in the first of the selected schools. We also describe the findings on the following topics: (a) the hearing data on adolescents (age 14-15 years); (b) their recreational habits, personality traits, and attitudes; and (c) the sound immision characteristics these individuals are exposed to during recreational activities.

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