RESUMEN
Opinion surveys were gathered before and 6 months after installation of a prototype picture archiving and communication system (PACS) (PACS/1, Siemens Medical Systems, Iselin, NJ). Median turnaround times and the percent of delayed or missing reports were calculated for 1,026 baseline and 8,438 follow-up studies at 6 months. Neuroradiological (neuro) computed tomography (CT) used PACS, while neuro magnetic resonance (MR), body CT, and body MR served as controls. The opinion surveys showed improved service in all categories, including those not directly affected by PACS. PACS images favorably impressed 86% of respondents, but most considered the system too slow, unreliable, and the storage capacity too low. A majority of 81% recommended against purchase of PACS now. There was an overall increase in the median report turnaround time for both neuro CT and the controls. Neuro CT showed a 41% decrease in delayed or missing reports, but controls also showed similar decreases. The effects of this prototype PACS on turnaround time or on report delivery could not be distinguished from section-wide changes in CT and MR services. Future improvements in PACS should vigorously address increased speed, reliability, and storage capacity.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Información Radiológica , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The effects of two levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (350 microl l(-1), 750 microl l(-1)) and three levels of nitrogen (15.5 mM, 1.55 mM, 0.155 mM N) on biomass accumulation and partitioning were examined in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings grown in controlled environment rooms for 100 days after germination. Nitrogen supply had pronounced effects on biomass accumulation, height, and leaf area of both species. Root weight ratio (RWR) of white spruce was significantly increased at the lowest level of nitrogen, whereas RWR of aspen did not change much with increasing levels of nitrogen. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased (1) the leaf and total biomass of spruce seedlings grown in the high-N regime, (2) the RWR of seedlings in the medium-N regime, and (3) the root biomass of seedlings in the low-N regime after 100 days. Carbon dioxide enrichment of aspen temporarily increased biomass and height in all three nitrogen regimes. Root, stem, and leaf mass, height, and leaf area of aspen were increased only at the 30-day harvest in the high-N treatment and at 50 and 60 days in the low-N treatment. Height, stem biomass, and leaf biomass of aspen seedlings were significantly increased by CO(2) enrichment after 40 days in the medium-N treatment. These effects did not persist, possibly because of the onset of mineral nutrient supply limitations with increasing plant size.