RESUMEN
Ultrasmall-angle synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements showed that a three-dimensional polymer lattice of a few 100 nm order with body-centered cubic O(8-) symmetry was formed in a polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal. We obtained clear experimental evidence that the polymer chains condensed selectively in the disclinations within the blue phase during photo-polymerization of monomers in the blue phase.
RESUMEN
A 15 year follow-up study of 3119 inhabitants living in a cadmium polluted area was conducted to investigate the influence of environmental cadmium exposure on the mortality. The cumulative survival curves of the subjects with urinary cadmium concentration > or = 10 microg/g creatinine was lower than that of the subjects with < 10 microg/g creatinine in the men aged 50-59 and 60-69 years and in the women aged 60-69 and 70-79 years. In the men aged 50-69 years and the all aged women, the cumulative survival curves became lower in proportion to the increase of urinary cadmium concentration, when the subjects were divided into four groups according to the amount of urinary cadmium concentration (< 5, 5-9.9, 10.1-19.9, > or = 20 microg/g creatinine). These results suggested a dose response relationship between cadmium exposure and mortality.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio/orina , Mortalidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/orina , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minería , Vigilancia de la Población , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the possibility of a relationship between blood pressure level and rotating 3-shift work in a prospective follow-up of workers in a zipper and aluminum sash factory in Japan. METHODS: Altogether 1551 men aged 18-49 years were followed prospectively for 5 years, and the cumulative incidence of hypertension among 3-shift workers was compared with that of day workers. A multiple logistic analysis was used for adjusting for base-line characteristics such as age, body mass index, blood pressure, and drinking habit. RESULTS: In the younger age group, the relative risk of the rotating 3-shift workers during the observational period was increased compared with that of day workers after adjustment for the confounding factors. In the older group, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was not higher for workers who had continued shift work. However, a relatively high risk of hypertension was found for workers who converted from 3-shift work to day work when compared with those who remained on shift work and day work. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that there is an association between 3-shift work and blood pressure.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión/etiología , Industrias , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado , Adolescente , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Factores de Confusión Epidemiológicos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Perfil Laboral , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Sesgo de Selección , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/fisiología , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/psicologíaRESUMEN
This article presents an evaluation of the factor structures of the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The MBI is a widely used psychometric instrument for measuring 'burnout' developed by Maslach and her co-workers. The MBI consists of four subscales: Emotional Exhaustion, Personal Accomplishment, Depersonalization, and Involvement. The MBI was translated into Japanese along with a back-translation and was administered to a sample of 267 nurses. Various psychometric analyses showed that the Japanese version of the MBI has high reliability for the 22 items scored for the frequency dimension. The factor analysis using principal factoring with an oblique rotation resulted in three factor structures that had different implications from the MBI: Emotional Exhaustion/Depersonalization, Personal Accomplishment, and Physical Exhaustion. The correlationship between the MBI and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), measures of depression, showed that burnout was a unique phenomenon.