RESUMEN
This study examined the needs that young people in Guadalajara, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, expressed in phone calls to a research unit of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Three hundred forty-five calls, from individuals 11 to 24 years old who phoned from June 1995 to November 1998, were analyzed. Two hundred ninety-four of the callers were female and 51 were male. Greater percentages of females than males called to ask about sexuality and family problems. Males more than females asked about reproductive health (particularly pregnancy) and mental health. There were significant differences by gender and age, differences that were not detected in health service statistics. The findings have implications for decision makers and health and education service providers. They point to the need for programs that will reinforce young people's good health practices and help them avoid risky behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Consejo , Teléfono , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The characterization in the discursive space of 27 users of the "Consultorio Juvenil" (young peoples' clinic), their critical areas with regard to themes, actors, actions, values and situational perception schemes. METHOD: Qualitative study with the use of semiotic analysis. Analysis was made in three steps: description of manifest text structure; codification in the quest for isotopes and internal organization analysis. RESULTS: There is clear differentiation between themes and means by gender; girls are more fully integrated into intrafamily relationships and boys into extrafamily ones. Formal engagement is a central theme for young women, while sexuality is for young men. In women a moral situation exercises influence over ethical criteria in the making of decisions; men show an individualist ethic. Both perceive problems as external, foreign to them, as part of their fate. CONCLUSIONS: Social gender formation influences the critical areas, creating myths and behavior stereotypes. The tendency to see the problem as imposed can signify a health risk for adolescents.
Asunto(s)
Psicología del Adolescente , Adolescente , Servicios de Salud del Adolescente , Adulto , Consejo , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
This paper describes the achievements and problems of a community participation model in health care, developed by the Mexican Social Security Institute since 1985. The health team involved between 10 and 20 percent of the personnel due to the slow adoption this program requires in new of the cultural change it implies. The community's answer has been satisfactory, as it can be seen by the ware of 100 neighbours and school committees, and around the 2,000 housewives and school students who are been working as promoters. This figures stand monthly. The self-care groups on chronic diseases constitute another form of participation. The community activities are progressively focused on causes of health and disease, embracing our 70 per cent of health promotion and disease prevention actions. The work realized by the community over cause one third of that realized by the preventive medicine personnel. This health community participation model represents a valuable and viable alternative.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/organización & administración , Participación del Paciente , Seguridad Social , Promoción de la Salud , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , México , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
Medical education today includes planning as a useful tool for guiding, and thereby improving, the teaching-learning process. Community work has become increasingly important in medical education programs, and planning is essential to it. One excellent field for these activities is pediatrics. This article analyzes the concepts of medical, health, and health care instruction in the community, and traces the emergence of this approach as a response to sociopolitical phenomena. The pediatric field is defined in terms of growth and development, disease hazards and the prevalent pathology, and the cultural and socioeconomic factors involved. Also considered are objectives, planning areas, and operational decentralization, and the methodology of community instruction on the level of the individual, the family, and the educational institutions, with varying degrees of community participation.