RESUMEN
Two new flavonoids, rac-6-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (1) and 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3'-methylchalcone (2), together with five known derivatives, rac-8-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (3), 4',6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3'-methyldihydrochalcone (4), rac-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methylflavanone (5), 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxy-5'-methyldihydrochalcone (6), and 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (7), were isolated from the leaves of Eugenia rigida. The individual (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 1 and 3, together with the corresponding formylated flavones 8 (6-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavone) and 9 (8-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavone), as well as 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone (10), 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone (11), and the corresponding 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (7) and 2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (12), were synthesized. The structures of the isolated and synthetic compounds were established via NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism data. In addition, the structures of 3, 5, and 8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. The isolated and synthetic flavonoids were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities against a panel of microorganisms and solid tumor cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Chalconas/aislamiento & purificación , Chalconas/farmacología , Eugenia/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Chalconas/química , Cryptococcus neoformans/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Flavanonas , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Complejo Mycobacterium avium/efectos de los fármacos , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Hojas de la Planta/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Puerto Rico , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves of Eugenia rigida yielded three stilbenes, (Z)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (1), (E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (2), and (E)-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene (3). Their structures were determined using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. The sterically hindered Z-stereoisomer 1, a new natural product, was prepared by time-dependent photoisomerization of the E-isomer (2) under UV irradiation at λ254 nm, while 2,3,5,7-tetramethoxyphenanthrene (5) was identified at λ365 nm by UHPLC/APCI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1-3 were tested against a panel of luciferase reporter gene assays that assess the activity of many cancer-related signaling pathways, and the Z-isomer (1) was found to be more potent than the E-isomer (2) in inhibiting the activation of Stat3, Smad3/4, myc, Ets, Notch, and Wnt signaling, with IC50 values between 40 and 80 µM. However, both compounds showed similar inhibition against Ap-1 and NF-κB signaling. In addition, 1 demonstrated cytotoxic activity toward human leukemia cells, solid tumor cells of epidermal, breast, and cervical carcinomas, and skin melanoma, with IC50 values between 3.6 and 4.3 µM, while 2 was weakly active against leukemia, cervical carcinoma, and skin melanoma cells. Interestingly, 2 showed antioxidant activity by inhibition of ROS generation to 50% at 33.3 µM in PMA-induced HL-60 cells, while 1 was inactive at 100 µM (vs Trolox 1.4 µM).
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/farmacología , Syzygium/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Femenino , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/antagonistas & inhibidores , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Hojas de la Planta/química , Puerto Rico , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Estereoisomerismo , Estilbenos/químicaRESUMEN
This work has been carried out to investigate the effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on mice livers after treatment with the ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata root or the oleo-resin extract from Myrrh of Commiphora molmol tree (Mirazid), as a new antishistosomal drug. Marker enzymes for different cell organelles were measured; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes; glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase); acid phosphatase (AP) and 5'- nucleotidase. Liver function enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also estimated. Parasitological studies through ova count and worm burden will also be taken into consideration. The results showed a marked reduction in SDH, LDH, AST, and ALT enzyme activities and a significant increase in G-6-Pase, AP, 5'- nucleotidase, and ALP after S. mansoni infection. A noticeable alteration in LDH subunits were also noticed. Treatment with C. reticulata or Mirazid improved all the previous enzyme activities with a noticeable reduction in ova count and worm burden.
Asunto(s)
Ratones , Animales , Masculino , Citrus/química , Commiphora/química , Schistosoma mansoni/efectos de los fármacos , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquistosomicidas/farmacología , Terpenos/farmacología , Biomarcadores/análisis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/parasitología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/enzimologíaRESUMEN
This work has been carried out to investigate the effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on mice livers after treatment with the ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata root or the oleo-resin extract from Myrrh of Commiphora molmol tree (Mirazid), as a new antishistosomal drug. Marker enzymes for different cell organelles were measured; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes; glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase); acid phosphatase (AP) and 5'- nucleotidase. Liver function enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also estimated. Parasitological studies through ova count and worm burden will also be taken into consideration. The results showed a marked reduction in SDH, LDH, AST, and ALT enzyme activities and a significant increase in G-6-Pase, AP, 5'- nucleotidase, and ALP after S. mansoni infection. A noticeable alteration in LDH subunits were also noticed. Treatment with C. reticulata or Mirazid improved all the previous enzyme activities with a noticeable reduction in ova count and worm burden.