RESUMEN
The call for evidence-based practice in education emphasizes the need for research to provide evidence for particular fields of educational practice. With this systematic literature review we summarize and analyze aggregated effectiveness information from 41 meta-analyses published between 2004 and 2019 to inform evidence-based practice in a particular field. In line with target specifications in education that are provided for a certain school subject and educational level, we developed and adopted a selection heuristic for filtering aggregated effect sizes specific to both science and mathematics education and the secondary student population. The results include 78 context-specific aggregated effect sizes based on data from over one million students. The findings encompass a multitude of different teaching strategies, most of which offer a measurable advantage to alternatives. Findings demonstrate that context-specific effect size information may often differ from more general effect size information on teaching effectiveness and adherence to quality standards varies in sampled meta-analyses. Thus, although meta-analytic research has strongly developed over the last few years, providing context-specific and high-quality evidence still needs to be a focus in the field of secondary mathematics and science teaching and beyond.
RESUMEN
Background: The body-oriented therapeutic approach Somatic Experiencing® (SE) treats post-traumatic symptoms by changing the interoceptive and proprioceptive sensations associated with the traumatic experience. Filling a gap in the landscape of trauma treatments, SE has attracted growing interest in research and therapeutic practice, recently. Objective: To date, there is no literature review of the effectiveness and key factors of SE. This review aims to summarize initial findings on the effectiveness of SE and to outline method-specific key factors of SE. Method: To gain a first overview of the literature, we conducted a scoping review including studies until 13 August 2020. We identified 83 articles of which 16 fit inclusion criteria and were systematically analysed. Results: Findings provide preliminary evidence for positive effects of SE on PTSD-related symptoms. Moreover, initial evidence suggests that SE has a positive impact on affective and somatic symptoms and measures of well-being in both traumatized and non-traumatized samples. Practitioners and clients identified resource-orientation and use of touch as method-specific key factors of SE. Yet, an overall studies quality assessment as well as a Cochrane analysis of risk of bias indicate that the overall study quality is mixed. Conclusions: The results concerning effectiveness and method-specific key factors of SE are promising; yet, require more support from unbiased RCT-research. Future research should focus on filling this gap.
Antecedentes: Somatic Experiencing® (SE), abordaje terapéutico enfocado en el cuerpo, trata los síntomas postraumáticos mediante al modificación de las sensaciones interoceptivas y propioceptivas asociadas a la experiencia traumática. Al subsanar una brecha en el repertorio de tratamientos para el trauma, la ES ha atraído recientemente un creciente interés en investigación y en la práctica terapéutica.Objetivo: A la fecha, no existe una revisión de la literatura sobre la efectividad y los factores clave de la ES. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo el resumir los hallazgos iniciales sobre la efectividad de la ES y describir los factores claves específicos del método aplicado en la ES.Métodos: Para obtener un primer panorama general de la literatura, realizamos una revisión del alcance de la literatura incluyendo estudios publicados hasta el 13 de agosto del 2020. Identificamos 83 artículos, de los cuales 16 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados de manera sistemática.Resultados: Los hallazgos brindan evidencia preliminar sobre efectos positivos de la ES en síntomas relacionados al trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Asimismo, la evidencia inicial sugiere que la ES tiene un impacto positivo sobre síntomas afectivos y somáticos, y sobre indicadores de bienestar tanto en muestras de personas traumatizadas como en no traumatizadas. Los facultativos y los clientes identificaron recursos de orientación y el uso del tacto como los factores clave específicos del método aplicado en la ES. Sin embargo, tanto una evaluación general de la calidad de los estudios como un análisis Cochrane para el riesgo de sesgo mostraron que la calidad general del estudio es mixta.Conclusiones: Los resultados relacionados a la efectividad y a los factores clave específicos del método aplicado en la ES son prometedores; no obstante, se requiere mayor sustento proveniente de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados sin sesgo. Las investigaciones futuras deberían enfocarse en subsanar esta brecha.