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Objetivo Realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la aplicación de la Terapia de la Conciencia Corporal Basal (TCCB o BBAT) así como la calidad metodológica de la investigación realizada en pacientes con trastornos mentales. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Web of Science y Scopus publicados en los últimos 10 años. La calidad de los ensayos clínicos se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados Entre los artículos revisados, 13 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad, de los cuales 11 fueron incluidos en el estudio tras su lectura completa. De los tres ensayos clínicos incluidos en la revisión, dos obtuvieron 7 puntos en la escala PEDro de calidad metodológica y uno obtuvo 5. Se analizó la eficacia de la terapia TCCB como terapia complementaria individual y/o grupal a otras intervenciones en pacientes con trastornos alimentarios, enfermedad cerebrovascular, depresión, esquizofrenia y trastorno de estrés postraumático evaluando variables resultado específica para cada patología. Conclusión La TCCB parece ser una opción prometedora como tratamiento complementario en pacientes con trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, no puede determinarse su eficacia clínica por carencia de estudios experimentales con nivel de evidencia alto y por lo tanto, son necesarios más estudios con tamaños muestrales mayores y metodológicamente correctos (AU)

Objective To perform a systematic review of published articles about the Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) and its methodological quality in populations with mental disorders. Methods A systematic review was carried out in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus including studies published less than 10 years ago. The methodological quality of the controlled clinical trials was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results Thirteen articles met the eligibility criteria, of which eleven were included in the study after full reading. From the three controlled clinical trials included in this revision, two obtained a score of 7 points on the PEDro scale for methodological quality and one obtained a score of 5. We assessed the efficacy of the BBAT as individual and/or group complementary therapy in patients with food intake disorders, stroke, depression, schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder evaluating specific outcomes for each disease. Conclusion The BBAT method is suggested as a promising complementary treatment option for patients with mental disorders. However, its clinical efficacy cannot be determined due to the lack of high-evidence level experimental studies, therefore further methodologically correct research is needed with larger sample sizes (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease of unknown origin characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, disordered sleep and joint stiffness among other symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of manual lymph drainage and myofascial therapy in patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: This was a systematic review. The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ScieLo, PEDro, Dialnet, Web of Science, and Elsevier were searched for articles in English or Spanish examining the efficacy of myofascial therapy and/or manual lymph drainage to treat fibromyalgia. Of 356 articles extracted, sixteen articles and one doctoral thesis fulfilled the criteria established for inclusion. RESULTS: The methodological quality of the studies reported in the articles was good (PEDro score 7.49 ± 1.47). The studies included compared different treatments with lymph drainage and/or myofascial therapy. Outcomes indicated improved quality of life for both therapies in all the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Myofascial therapy and lymph drainage may be effective in patients with fibromyalgia. Further work is needed as the scientific evidence available is still insufficient.

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In the line of the applicability of biocompatible monomers pH and temperature dependent, we assayed poly-methacrylic acid (p-MAA) microparticles as immobilization system in the design of enzymatic biosensors. Glucose oxidase was used as enzyme model for the study of microparticles as immobilization matrices and as biological material in the performance of glucose biosensors. The enzyme immobilization method was optimized by investigating the influence of monomer concentration and cross-linker content (N',N'-methylenebisacrylamide), used in the preparation of the microparticles in the response of the biosensors. The kinetics of the polymerization and the effects of the temperature were studied, also the conversion of the polymerization was determinates by a weight method. The structure of the obtained p-MAA microparticles were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning microscopy (DSC). The particle size measurements were performed with a Galai-Cis 1 particle analyzer system. Furthermore, the influence of the swelling behavior of hydrogel matrix as a function of pH and temperature were studied. Analytical properties such as sensitivity, linear range, response time and detection limit were studied for the glucose biosensors. The sensitivity for glucose detection obtained with poly-methacrylic acid (p-MAA) microparticles was 11.98mAM(-1)cm(-2) and 10µM of detection limit. A Nafion® layer was used to eliminate common interferents of the human serum such as uric and ascorbic acids. The biosensors were used to determine glucose in human serum samples with satisfactory results. When stored in a frozen phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0) at -4°C, the useful lifetime of all biosensors was at least 550 days.

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Glucose oxidase (GOx) has been immobilized within poly(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (p-DMAEM) microparticles which were subsequently used as biological material in the fabrication of a glucose biosensor. The enzyme immobilization method was optimized in relation with the monomer concentration and cross-linker content. It was found that the best biosensor response corresponds to microparticles synthesized with 1.19M monomer and 0.37% cross-linking content. Furthermore, the influence on the biosensor response of parameters such as working potential, pH, temperature, and loaded enzyme were investigated. In addition, analytical properties such as sensitivity, linear range, response time, and detection limit were determined. The biosensor was used to analyze glucose in human serum samples with satisfactory results. The useful lifetime of the biosensor is at least 520 days.

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Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEM) microparticles were synthesized and glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized within the microparticles. An amperometric biosensor was fabricated using the microparticles with GOx as biological component. The enzyme immobilization method was optimized by investigating the influence of monomer concentration and cross-linker content used in the preparation of the microparticles in the response of the biosensor. The best analytical results were obtained with the microparticles prepared with 0.21 M PEGMEM and 0.74% cross-linking. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence on the biosensor behaviour of parameters such as working potential, pH, temperature and enzymatic load. In addition, analytical properties such as sensitivity, linear range, response time and detection limit were determined. The biosensor was used to determine glucose in human serum samples and to avoid common interferents present in human serum such as uric and ascorbic acids. A Nafion layer was deposited on the electrode surface with satisfactory results. The useful lifetime of the biosensor was at least 520 days.

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An amperometric enzyme sensor using tyrosinase (PPO) entrapped in polyacrylamide microgels has been developed for determination of phenolic compounds. Polyacrylamide microgels were obtained by the concentrated emulsion polymerization method. The crosslinking of the polymer matrix optimum to retain the enzyme and to allow the diffusion of the compounds involved in the enzyme reaction has been studied (4.0%) as well as the influence on the response of analytical parameters such as pH, temperature, enzyme load and working potential. The useful lifetime of the biosensor was 27 days and it was useful to determine monophenolics compounds (e.g. cresol, chlorophenol) and diphenolics compounds (e.g. catechol and dopamine) by amperometric measurements at -100mV (versus SCE) in a batch system. The results showed that the substrate structures have a great influence on the sensor response.

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Acrylic microgels are proposed as enzyme immobilizing support in amperometric biosensors. Two enzymes, glucose oxidase and tyrosinase, were entrapped in this matrix and their behaviour is compared. The optimum cross-linking of the polymeric matrix required to retain the enzyme, and to allow the diffusion of the substrate is different for each enzyme, 3.2% for glucose oxidase and 4.5% for tyrosinase. The effect of pH and temperature on the biosensor responses has been studied by experimental design methodology and predictions have been compared with independently performed experimental measurements. A quadratic effect of the variables studied (pH and T) on the biosensor response and the small or null interaction between them was confirmed. The pH results obtained with both methods are coincident revealing an reversible effect on the enzyme. However, the temperature optimum value obtained by experimental design was 10 degrees C lower as a result of an activity decay due to irreversible thermal denaturation of both enzymes.

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