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INTRODUCTION: We analyze the diagnostic utility of urgent EEG (electroencephalogram) performed in children under 16 years of age in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective, observational study of consecutive patients from 0 to 16 years of age, who underwent an urgent EEG for any reason, from January to December 2022. RESULTS: Of the 388 patients, 70 were children: 37 (52.85%) women, and 33 (47.14%) men. Average age: 6.27 ±â€¯4.809. Of the 70 patients, 6 (8.57%) had previous epilepsy. Reasons for consultation: 17 febrile seizures, 10 first focal seizures, 10 first TCG seizures, 6 paroxysmal episodes, 6 absences, 3 myoclonus of extremities, 3 syncope, 2 SE, 2 visual alterations, 2 low level of consciousness, 2 cyanosis, 2 suspected meningitis or encephalitis, 1 choking, 1 atypical headache, 1 chorea, 1 presyncope, 1 language delay. Of the 70 patients, 47 had a normal EEG (67.14%). Of the 47 patients with a normal EEG, 10 were diagnosed with epilepsy, and 3 of them began receiving antiepileptic treatment upon discharge. None of the patients with suspected syncope or paroxysmal disorder (17 patients, 24.28%) had EEG abnormalities. Of the 17 patients with atypical febrile seizures, 3 had EEG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: A third of the EEG records performed in the Emergency Department showed alterations, probably due to the time taken. Almost half of the patients with suspected epilepsy or EE showed EEG abnormalities, which confirmed the diagnosis in these cases and encouraged the clinician to start drug treatment. No case with a high suspicion of epilepsy was dismissed due to the normality of the EEG recording in our series. No patient diagnosed with syncope or paroxysmal disorder had EEG abnormalities. Nearly a quarter of patients with atypical febrile seizures showed EEG abnormalities. We barely register cases of status epilepticus, probably due to the degree of complexity of our center.

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Introducción. Los trastornos del sueño son muy prevalentes en la población general; sin embargo, la asociación de síndrome de apneas-hipopneas (SAHS) en pacientes con narcolepsia se ha descrito en pocas ocasiones. Se revisan los trastornos del sueño encontrados en pacientes con narcolepsia, la prevalencia de SAHS asociado a estos pacientes y su respuesta a los tratamientos. Pacientes y métodos. Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo observacional de 25 pacientes, con diagnóstico de narcolepsia, atendidos en nuestro centro desde octubre de 2012 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados. De 470 pacientes valorados en la consulta monográfica de neurología, hemos diagnosticado a 25 pacientes con narcolepsia (5,31%); el 65% eran hombres, y el 35%, mujeres. Edad media en el momento del diagnóstico: 40 años. El 60% presenta otros trastornos del sueño asociados, el más frecuente es el SAHS (36%). La eficacia del tratamiento con presión aérea positiva continua nasal (CPAP) es del 66% en los pacientes con SAHS con indicación de CPAP. Conclusiones. El 60% de los pacientes con narcolepsia asocia un segundo trastorno del sueño (mayor que la incidencia de coexistencia en la población general, del 20-25% de los pacientes), y los descritos también son los más frecuentes en la población general (SAHS, síndrome de piernas inquietas, movimientos periódicos de las piernas). El 36% de los pacientes con narcolepsia asocia SAHS. De ellos, en el 78% se ha conseguido un control de eventos respiratorios adecuado; el 57% se ha controlado con CPAP y el 43% restante no ha precisado CPAP por corrección de eventos con otros métodos (AU)

Introduction. Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among the general population, although very few cases of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) have been reported in patients with narcolepsy. This study reviews the sleep disorders found in patients with narcolepsy, the prevalence of SAHS associated with these patients and their response to the different treatments. Patients and methods. We conducted an observation-based retrospective descriptive analysis of 25 patients diagnosed with narcolepsy, who were treated in our centre between October 2012 and December 2016. Results. Of 470 patients evaluated in the specialised neurology consultation unit, 25 patients were diagnosed with narcolepsy (5.31%); 65% were males and the remaining 35% were females; the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 40 years. 60% presented other associated sleep disorders, the most frequent being SAHS (36%). The efficacy rate of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is 66% in patients with SAHS with an indication of CPAP. Conclusions. Altogether, 60% of patients with narcolepsy have a second associated sleep disorder (greater than the incidence of coexistence in the general population, of 20-25% of patients), and those reported are also the most frequent among the general population (SAHS, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder). 36% of patients with narcolepsy have SAHS as an associated condition. Of these, 78% have reached a suitable degree of control over respiratory events; 57% have achieved control with CPAP, and the remaining 43% did not require CPAP for event correction with other methods (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among the general population, although very few cases of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) have been reported in patients with narcolepsy. This study reviews the sleep disorders found in patients with narcolepsy, the prevalence of SAHS associated with these patients and their response to the different treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an observation-based retrospective descriptive analysis of 25 patients diagnosed with narcolepsy, who were treated in our centre between October 2012 and December 2016. RESULTS: Of 470 patients evaluated in the specialised neurology consultation unit, 25 patients were diagnosed with narcolepsy (5.31%); 65% were males and the remaining 35% were females; the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 40 years. 60% presented other associated sleep disorders, the most frequent being SAHS (36%). The efficacy rate of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is 66% in patients with SAHS with an indication of CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, 60% of patients with narcolepsy have a second associated sleep disorder (greater than the incidence of coexistence in the general population, of 20-25% of patients), and those reported are also the most frequent among the general population (SAHS, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder). 36% of patients with narcolepsy have SAHS as an associated condition. Of these, 78% have reached a suitable degree of control over respiratory events; 57% have achieved control with CPAP, and the remaining 43% did not require CPAP for event correction with other methods.

TITLE: Sindrome de apneas-hipopneas y narcolepsia. Descripcion de una serie hospitalaria.Introduccion. Los trastornos del sueño son muy prevalentes en la poblacion general; sin embargo, la asociacion de sindrome de apneas-hipopneas (SAHS) en pacientes con narcolepsia se ha descrito en pocas ocasiones. Se revisan los trastornos del sueño encontrados en pacientes con narcolepsia, la prevalencia de SAHS asociado a estos pacientes y su respuesta a los tratamientos. Pacientes y metodos. Analisis descriptivo retrospectivo observacional de 25 pacientes, con diagnostico de narcolepsia, atendidos en nuestro centro desde octubre de 2012 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados. De 470 pacientes valorados en la consulta monografica de neurologia, hemos diagnosticado a 25 pacientes con narcolepsia (5,31%); el 65% eran hombres, y el 35%, mujeres. Edad media en el momento del diagnostico: 40 años. El 60% presenta otros trastornos del sueño asociados, el mas frecuente es el SAHS (36%). La eficacia del tratamiento con presion aerea positiva continua nasal (CPAP) es del 66% en los pacientes con SAHS con indicacion de CPAP. Conclusiones. El 60% de los pacientes con narcolepsia asocia un segundo trastorno del sueño (mayor que la incidencia de coexistencia en la poblacion general, del 20-25% de los pacientes), y los descritos tambien son los mas frecuentes en la poblacion general (SAHS, sindrome de piernas inquietas, movimientos periodicos de las piernas). El 36% de los pacientes con narcolepsia asocia SAHS. De ellos, en el 78% se ha conseguido un control de eventos respiratorios adecuado; el 57% se ha controlado con CPAP y el 43% restante no ha precisado CPAP por correccion de eventos con otros metodos.

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After being virtually eradicated in Europe, thousands of cases of measles in the population of Spanish origin have appeared in the last 3 years. We describe the cases diagnosed in the north of Madrid between January and June 2011. A total of 22 cases are reported, 18 of them grouped in 2 outbreaks (2 nurseries). The primary attack rate was 29% in the main outbreak. All cases were in unvaccinated patients (median = 14 months). Genotype D4 was predominant (95%). There was a 45% complication rate and 45% were admitted to hospitals. The Public Health Service recommended isolating cases and vaccinating susceptible contacts in advance. Health Centres established a specific protocol to respond to suspected cases. The Measles vaccination has been brought forward from 15 to 12 months in Madrid. Measles is a re-emerging disease in Europe. The coordinated management between public health and health facilities is essential to limiting outbreaks.

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The benign paroxystic positional vertigo (BPPV) is defined by brief episodic vertigo attacks and accompanied by a rotary-linear nystagmus, triggered by head position changes and is always produced in that position. The theory that better explains the BPPV is canalithiasis: free-floating particles leave the utricular macula and enter one of the semicircular canals, producing an endolymphatic movement that stimulates the cupula and produces vertigo and nystagmus. The diagnosis is based on a typical clinical history, normal ear and neurological examination and provocation maneuvers, such as the Dix-Hallpike test, reproduce the vertigo attacks. The treatments are the liberatory maneuvers, such as the Epley maneuver which makes the vertigo disappear. We present two cases of vertigo with a compatible clinic history of BPPV, where the Dix-Hallpike maneuver confirmed the diagnosis. The treatment in both cases was the Epley maneuver.

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