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We present a historical review, highlighting the role of Professor Derek Denny-Brown and doctor Joseph Buford Pennybacker in the development of current electromyography (EMG), of the 80 years since the publication of his original report in 1938 on fasciculation and fibrillation potentials and the subsequent studies describing most of the electrical changes necessary to perform and interpret the EMG.

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ABSTRACT We present a historical review, highlighting the role of Professor Derek Denny-Brown and doctor Joseph Buford Pennybacker in the development of current electromyography (EMG), of the 80 years since the publication of his original report in 1938 on fasciculation and fibrillation potentials and the subsequent studies describing most of the electrical changes necessary to perform and interpret the EMG.

RESUMO Os autores apresentam uma revisão histórica destacando o papel do Professor Derek Denny-Brown e do doutor Joseph Buford Pennybacker no desenvolvimento da eletromiografia atual, ao longo dos oitenta anos de seu artigo original em 1938, sobre potenciais de fasciculação e fibrilação, e os estudos subsequentes que descreveram a maioria das mudanças elétricas necessárias para realizar e interpretar EMG.

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BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are rare antibody-mediated disorders of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the spinal cord and optic nerves. The clinical utility of evoked potential recordings (EPs) has already been established for multiple sclerosis, in particular, that of the abnormal visual evoked potentials (VEP), a key criterion in the McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS. However, there have been few reports on EPs in patients with NMOSD. AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the possible involvement of the optical pathway through VEP responses in patients with NMOSD. METHODS: VEPs were prospectively performed in 13 patients with NMOSD. All the patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a demyelinating diseases center. The recording was done as recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. RESULTS: We evaluated the eyes of 12 women with a mean age of 42 years and of one man who was 25 years old. In 6 of the examined eye samples, a response was not obtained, while in the remaining 20 eye samples, we found a significant increase in P100 latency without amplitude change. CONCLUSION: VEPs showed a significant increase in P100 latency. VEP assessment is a non-invasive, painless, fast, and low-cost exam that provides neurophysiological data for diagnosis of NMOSD.

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Multiple sclerosis is considered the most frequent demyelinating disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS) among young adults, yet is very rare before 10 years old. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a monophasic, polysymptomatic disorder that involves the CNS white matter with demyelinating lesions, which usually occurs after systemic viral infections. These two demyelinating diseases can present initially as an acute focal neurological syndrome and they can be difficult to distinguish. We describe a case of a nine-year-old girl that presented initially with dysphonia, gait ataxia, eyelid myokymia and brainstem disturbances. This was her second episode; the first episode was at the age of four years old. She recovered without neurological sequelae. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multiple demyelinating lesions in the white matter, cortical regions of the frontal lobe, periventricular distribution, internal capsule, corpus callosum and cerebellum. The purpose of the presentation of this case was to highlight the similarities between these two entities, since the clinical picture and neuroimaging are difficult to distinguish, mainly in relation to the first episode.

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This paper reviews aspects of the life and work of Professor Louis Ranvier 140 years after the publication of Leçons sur l'histologie du système nerveux, published in 1878, and shows the importance of the histological description of myelinated fibers of the nodes of Ranvier.

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Das complicaçöes idiossincrásicas do uso do VPA, a pancreatite é a mais rara, porém näo menos importante pelo curso potencialmente fatal. Relatamos caso de paciente de 5 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de epilepsia desde os 3 anos de idade, em uso de CBZ e PB que, após estado de mal epiléptico três meses atrás, iniciou tratamento com dose de 40 mg/kg/dia de VPA, associado a CBZ 20 mg/kg/dia e PB 3 mg/kg/dia em retirada. Reinternando por vômitos, dor abdominal, febrícula, abdome tenso, doloroso e amilase de 288 UI, evoluiu com hemorragia digestiva alta, choque e amilase de 564 UI. Submetido a laparotomia exploradora, observaram-se ascite hemorrágica, hematoma retroperitoneal, aumento da cabeça do pâncreas com edema e hemorragia, com diagnóstico de pancreatite necro-hemorrágica. Evoluiu a óbito. Complicaçöes pancreáticas do uso do VPA flutuam entre hiperamilasemia assintomática e pancreatite aguda fulminante. No caso relatado, encontramos dados congruentes com a literatura, existindo 7 casos semelhantes descritos, 4 com óbito

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Se presentam los hechos más significativos en el reconocimiento de la epilepsia y sus menifestaciones, desde las antiguas culturas faraónicas (más alliá de 3000 año ANE) hasta los principios de siglo actual. Señalando los hitos más importantes y sus autores en el camino histórico del conocimiento sobre esta enfermedad. Se refiere el acontecer histórico en el campo de las epilepsias en nuestro país a partir de la primera revista médica cubana en 1862 hasta nuestro días, señalando los hechos más relevantes

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