RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Decreased ovarian function is associated with several symptoms, being the more frequent the vasomotor and these are associated to several factors. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and magnitude of vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal and postmenopausal women from Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2011 to February 2012 in which somatometry was done and a questionnaire was applied to women beginning from 35 years age, evaluating their menopausal status, educational level, occupation, vasomotor symptoms (hot-flushes and sweats), intensity, frequency and the number of days per week with symptoms. Sample size was calculated considering a confidence interval of 99%, a power of 80%, with a frequency of symptoms presentation in premenopausal women of 55% and 85% in those postmenopausal, with a relationship of 1:1, considering 60 patients in each group. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A comparison among the groups was done for continuous variables with Student t test for independent samples and for discontinuous variables with chi2, a p level < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the total population (144 women), 65 (45%) had vasomotor symptoms, 38% did physical exercise and 50% had some chronic illness. Of the 79 premenopausal women (Group 1) 49% was symptomatic and of the 65 postmenopausal women, 46% (Group II). Of the symptomatic ones in the Group I, 100% presented hot-flushes and 77% considered their symptoms severe; in Group II 85% had hot-flushes and the symptoms were considered severe by 63%. CONCLUSION: The vasomotor symptoms were only associated to time since menopause.
Asunto(s)
Sofocos/diagnóstico , Sofocos/epidemiología , Posmenopausia , Premenopausia , Sistema Vasomotor/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
La obesidad es compleja en su etiología y tratamiento. Su incidencia global va en aumento. El promover la pérdida de peso sólo puede traer efectos benéficos. La obesidad es un trastorno crónico de origen multifactorial. El descubrimiento del gen ob y su producto, la proteína OB o Leptina, del neuropéptido Y, así como de las alteraciones del metabolismo de los tejidos lipogénicos que alteran el apetito, son avances significativos para comprender su etiopatogenia y tratamiento. Estos nuevos conocimientos cambiarán la filosofía del tratamiento de la obesidad.La obesidad responde mal al tratamiento no quirúrgico y su control debe ser a largo plazo a pesar de las considerables presiones sociales y biológicas que promueven la recuperación del peso perdido. El tratamiento del paciente obeso debe realizarse por un equipo multidisciplinario, debiendo incluir una dieta hipoenergética, un plan de ejercicios, modificaciones conductuales y, en varios casos, terapia familiar. Su manejo debe ser diseñado en forma individual para cada paciente. El uso de medicamentos en el tratamiento de la obesidad no debe ser un sustituto para la modificación de la dieta ni para la actividad física. La cirugía bariátrica está indicada sólo en aquellos pacientes cuyo IMC es mayor de 30 kg/m2. Los médicos y sus pacientes deben interactuar estrechamente, evaluando los riesgos posibles que implica el tratamiento contra los beneficios reales de éste. Es esencial una buena relación médico-paciente.