RESUMEN
The midgut of anopheline mosquito is the entry of Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria.When the mosquito feeds on parasite infected host, Plasmodium parasites reach the midgut and must confront digestive enzymes, the innate immune response and go across the peritrophic matrix (PM), a thick extracellular sheath secreted by the mosquito midgut epithelial cells. Then, to continue its development, the parasite must reach the salivary glands to achieve transmission to a vertebrate host. We report here the morphological and biochemical descriptions of the midgut changes after a blood meal in Anopheles albimanus. Before blood feeding, midgut epithelial cells contained numerous electrondense vesicles distributed in the central to apical side. These vesicles were secreted to the luminal side of the midgut after a blood meal. At early times after blood ingest, the PM is formed near microvilli as a granulous amorphous material and after it consolidates forming a highly organized fibrillar structure, constituted by layers of electrondense and electronlucent regions. Proteomic comparative analysis of sugar and blood fed midguts showed several molecules that modify their abundance after blood intake; these include innate immunity, cytoskeletal, stress response, signaling, and digestive, detoxifying and metabolism enzymes. Biological significance In the midgut of mosquitoes during bloodfeeding, many simultaneous processes occur, including digestion, innate immune activities, cytoskeleton modifications, construction of a peritrophic matrix and hormone production, between others. Mechanical forces are very intense during bloodfeeding and epithelial and muscular cells must resist the stress, modifying the actin cytoskeleton and coordinating intracellular responses by signaling. Microorganisms present in midgut contents reproduce and interact with epithelial cells triggering innate immune response. When infectious agents are present in the blood meal they must traverse the peritrophic matrix, an envelope formed from secretion products of epithelial cells, and evade the immune system in order to reach the epithelium and continue their journey towards salivary glands, in preparation for the transmission to the new hosts. During all these processes, proteins of mosquitoes are modified in order to deal with mechanical and biological challenges, and the aim of this work is to study these changes.
Asunto(s)
Anopheles/metabolismo , Sistema Digestivo/metabolismo , Proteoma , Animales , Anopheles/parasitología , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Células Epiteliales/parasitología , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Insectos Vectores/metabolismo , Insectos Vectores/parasitología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Estrés Oxidativo , Plasmodium/metabolismo , Proteómica , Serpinas/química , Transducción de Señal , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Mast cells are abundant in the skin and other peripheral tissues, where they are one of the first immune cells to make contact with invading pathogens. As a result of pathogen recognition, mast cells can be activated and release different preformed and de novo-synthesized mediators. Sporothrix schenckii is the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, a worldwide-distributed subcutaneous mycosis considered as an important emerging health problem. It remains unknown whether or not mast cells are activated by S. schenckii. Here, we investigated the in vitro response of mast cells to conidia of S. schenckii and their in vivo involvement in sporotrichosis. Mast cells became activated after interaction with conidia, releasing early response cytokines as TNF-α and IL-6. Although histamine release was not significantly stimulated by S. schenckii, we determined that conidia potentiate histamine secretion induced by compound 48/80. Furthermore, functional depletion of peritoneal mast cells before S. schenckii infection significantly reduced the severity of cutaneous lesions of the sporotrichosis. These data demonstrate that mast cells are important contributors in the host response to S. schenckii infection, suggesting a role of these cells in the progress of clinical manifestations in sporotrichosis.
Asunto(s)
Mastocitos/inmunología , Sporothrix/inmunología , Esporotricosis/inmunología , Animales , Degranulación de la Célula/inmunología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Histamina/análisis , Histamina/inmunología , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Masculino , Mastocitos/microbiología , Mastocitos/ultraestructura , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Esporas Fúngicas/inmunología , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We analysed 15,101 biological samples from patients presenting with superficial mycoses who attended outpatient services over a 10-year period. Scale samples were processed for direct microscopic examination with 15% KOH and cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar plus chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Laboratory examination confirmed 4,709 cases of superficial mycosis (31.18%), of which 2,084 (44.26%) were dermatophytoses. The species most frequently encountered was Trichophyton rubrum (71.2%), followed by T. tonsurans (6.9%), T. mentagrophytes (5.5%), Microsporum canis (4.5%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (1.3%). The most frequent clinical form of dermatophytosis was tinea unguium (59.9%), followed by tinea pedis (24.5%). We demonstrate that the number of cases of T. rubrum is increasing in Mexico.
Asunto(s)
Arthrodermataceae/clasificación , Arthrodermataceae/aislamiento & purificación , Dermatomicosis/epidemiología , Dermatomicosis/microbiología , Animales , Arthrodermataceae/citología , Arthrodermataceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Medios de Cultivo/química , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Microscopía , Micología/métodosRESUMEN
Salivary glands of female mosquitoes produce proteins, not completely described yet, that participate in carbohydrate and blood feeding. Here, we report an acidic glycoprotein of 35 kDa (GP35 ANOAL) secreted in the saliva of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles albimanus. GP35 ANOAL is produced exclusively in the distal lateral lobes of adult female salivary glands, it has a pI of 4.45 and is negatively stained by regular silver stain. An 888 bp cDNA clone encoding a predicted product of 240 amino acids has a signal peptide, potential post-translational modification sites, and a disintegrin signature RGD. The GP35 ANOAL sequence depicts high similarities with the 30 kDa saliva allergen of Aedes aegypti, 30 kDa allergen-like hypothetical proteins, and GE-rich proteins present in several Anopheles species, as well as in Ae. albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. The function of this protein family is still unknown.
Asunto(s)
Anopheles/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Anopheles/genética , Anopheles/crecimiento & desarrollo , Secuencia de Bases , Femenino , Glicoproteínas/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Glándulas Salivales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and a major public health problem because of emerging drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium. A number of synthetic and natural compounds are now being analysed to develop more effective antimalarial drugs. We investigated the effect of homeopathic preparations of Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia using a rodent malaria model. We found significant inhibitory effect on parasite multiplication with both medications with a level of 60% for Eupatorium perfoliatum at a 30 CH potency. Arsenicum album 0/6 gave 70% inhibition but this was less stable than Eupatorium perfoliatum. The number of schizonts was higher in animals treated with homeopathic medications. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, these agents would be good candidates as alternative or complementary medications in the treatment of malaria.
Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/farmacología , Arsenicales , Eupatorium , Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plasmodium berghei/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antimaláricos/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Plasmodium berghei/aislamiento & purificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Coccidioidomycosis is a mycosis firstly pulmonar caused by Coccidioides immitis; it can be disseminated to central nervous system, bones and skin, principaly. In Mexico, the real frequency of the disease is unknown. The aim of this work was to determine, by skin test and by serology, the infection cases by C. immitis in twelve communities (10 rural and two urban), attended in the Hospital Rural No 79 at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) from the Coahuila State, Mexico. Six hundred and sixty eight adult individuals of both sexes were studied, to whom 0.1 ml of coccidioidin by intradermal route was applied; 72 h after, the induration diameter was measured. One hundred eighty individuals were selected and seric anti-C. immitis immunoglobulins levels were determined by ELISA. Six hundred twenty one individuals (93%) were positive to coccidioidin, the frequency was much higher than that previously reported in Coahuila. From 180 sera studied, the means of optical density (OD) were: IgG1, 1.55; IgG2, 0.94; total IgG, 0.33; IgG3, 0.29; IgG4, 0.27; IgM, 0.08. The values of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM compared with the other immunoglobulins were statistically significant. The high values of IgG1 and IgG2 suggest frequent contact with the antigen, and probable cases of undiagnosed disease.
Asunto(s)
Coccidioides/aislamiento & purificación , Coccidioidomicosis/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/sangre , Coccidioides/inmunología , Coccidioidina , Coccidioidomicosis/diagnóstico , Coccidioidomicosis/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Pruebas Intradérmicas , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Población Rural , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
La coccidioidomicosis es una micosis inicialmente pulmonar causada por Coccidioides immitis; puede diseminarse principalmente a sistema nervioso central, huesos y piel. En México se desconoce la frecuencia exacta de esta enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar, por intradermorreacción y por serología, los casos de infección por C. immitis en 12 comunidades (10 rurales y dos urbanas) atendidas en el Hospital Rural Nº 79 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) del estado de Coahuila, México. Se estudiaron 668 individuos adultos de ambos sexos; se les aplicó 0,1 ml de coccidioidina por vía intradérmica; después de 72 hs. se midió el diámetro de induración. Fueron seleccionados 180 individuos y a partir del suero se determinaron los niveles de inmunoglobulinas anti-C. immitis por ELISA. Fueron positivos a la coccidioidina 621 sujetos (93%), frecuencia mucho mayor a la reportada previamente en Coahuila. De los 180 sueros estudiados los promedios de densidad óptica (DO) fueron: IgG1, 1,55; IgG2, 0,94; IgG total, 0,33; IgG3, 0,29; IgG4, 0,27; IgM, 0,08. Los valores de IgG1, IgG2 e IgM comparados con las otras inmunoglobulinas fueron estadísticamente significativos. Los valores de IgG1 e IgG2 sugieren contacto frecuente con los antígenos e incluso probables casos de enfermedad no diagnosticada.
Coccidioidomycosis is a mycosis firstly pulmonar caused by Coccidioides immitis; it can be disseminated to central nervous system, bones and skin, principaly. In Mexico, the real frequency of the disease is unknown. The aim of this work was to determine, by skin test and by serology, the infection cases by C. immitis in twelve communities (10 rural and two urban), attended in the Hospital Rural Nº 79 at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) from the Coahuila State, Mexico. Six hundred and sixty eight adult individuals of both sexes were studied, to whom 0.1 ml of coccidioidin by intradermal route was applied; 72 h after, the induration diameter was measured. One hundred eighty individuals were selected and seric anti-C. immitis immunoglobulins levels were determined by ELISA. Six hundred twenty one individuals (93%) were positive to coccidioidin, the frequency was much higher than that previously reported in Coahuila. From 180 sera studied, the means of optical density (OD) were: IgG1, 1.55; IgG2, 0.94; total IgG, 0.33; IgG3, 0.29; IgG4, 0.27; IgM, 0.08. The values of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM compared with the other immunoglobulins were statistically significant. The high values of IgG1 and IgG2 suggest frequent contact with the antigen, and probable cases of undiagnosed disease.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Coccidioides/aislamiento & purificación , Coccidioidomicosis/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antifúngicos/sangre , Coccidioides/inmunología , Coccidioidina , Coccidioidomicosis/diagnóstico , Coccidioidomicosis/microbiología , Pruebas Intradérmicas , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , México/epidemiología , Población Rural , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Coccidioidomycosis is a mycosis firstly pulmonar caused by Coccidioides immitis; it can be disseminated to central nervous system, bones and skin, principaly. In Mexico, the real frequency of the disease is unknown. The aim of this work was to determine, by skin test and by serology, the infection cases by C. immitis in twelve communities (10 rural and two urban), attended in the Hospital Rural No 79 at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) from the Coahuila State, Mexico. Six hundred and sixty eight adult individuals of both sexes were studied, to whom 0.1 ml of coccidioidin by intradermal route was applied; 72 h after, the induration diameter was measured. One hundred eighty individuals were selected and seric anti-C. immitis immunoglobulins levels were determined by ELISA. Six hundred twenty one individuals (93
) were positive to coccidioidin, the frequency was much higher than that previously reported in Coahuila. From 180 sera studied, the means of optical density (OD) were: IgG1, 1.55; IgG2, 0.94; total IgG, 0.33; IgG3, 0.29; IgG4, 0.27; IgM, 0.08. The values of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM compared with the other immunoglobulins were statistically significant. The high values of IgG1 and IgG2 suggest frequent contact with the antigen, and probable cases of undiagnosed disease.
RESUMEN
Considerando que algunos autores han reportado un aumento en la cantidad de algunas inmunoglobulinas en los pacientes con actinomicetoma, en este trabajo nos propusimos determinar diferencias en la producción de IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 e IgM en 25 pacientes con actinomicetoma por Nocardia brasiliensis y 25 personas sanas provenientes de una zona endémica de micetoma. La determinación de inmunoglobulinas se realizó por medio de la técnica de ELISA. Para sensibilizar las placas se emplearon 6 antígenos de N. brasiliensis: un antígeno crudo denominado NB y cinco derivados del mismo (NB2, NB4, NB6, NB8 y NB10) separados por punto isoeléctrico. Los niveles de las cuatro subclases de IgG fueron mayores en los sueros de los pacientes que en el suero de los controles, con una diferencia máxima en IgG3 e IgG4; para esta última subclase, los seis antígenos fueron altamente reactivos. La concentración de IgM fue igual en ambos grupos. Es probable que como ocurre en otras infecciones, en la fisiopatogenia del actinomicetoma influya no sólo el aumento o deficiencia de una clase de inmunoglobulina, sino la relación que existe entre las diferentes subclases.
Considering that some authors have reported an increasing of some immunoglobulins in actinomycetoma patients, in this study we propose to determine differential production of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgGM in 25 patients with actinomycetoma and 25 healthy individuals from a mycetoma endemic area. Immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA technique. To sensibilize the plates, six Nocardia brasiliensis antigens were used: a crude antigen denominated NB and five derivatives (NB2, NB4, NB6, NB8 and NB10) obtained by their isoelectric point. Results showed that all IgG subclasses were higher in the patients’ sera than in control sera, with a maximal difference to IgG3 and IgG4. To the latter subclass, six antigens were highly reactives. IgM levels were similar in both groups. As it occurs in other infections, in the actinomycetoma pathogenesis probably participate the increase or deficiency of a determined immunoglobulin class, as well as the relationship between different subclasses.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Micetoma/inmunología , Nocardiosis/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Punto Isoeléctrico , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/clasificación , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina M/aislamiento & purificación , Micetoma/microbiología , Nocardiosis/sangreRESUMEN
Considering that some authors have reported an increasing of some immunoglobulins in actinomycetoma patients, in this study we propose to determine differential production of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgGM in 25 patients with actinomycetoma and 25 healthy individuals from a mycetoma endemic area. Immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA technique. To sensibilize the plates, six Nocardia brasiliensis antigens were used: a crude antigen denominated NB and five derivatives (NB2, NB4, NB6, NB8 and NB10) obtained by their isoelectric point. Results showed that all IgG subclasses were higher in the patients' sera than in control sera, with a maximal difference to IgG3 and IgG4. To the latter subclass, six antigens were highly reactives. IgM levels were similar in both groups. As it occurs in other infections, in the actinomycetoma pathogenesis probably participate the increase or deficiency of a determined immunoglobulin class, as well as the relationship between different subclasses.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Micetoma/inmunología , Nocardiosis/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/clasificación , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina M/aislamiento & purificación , Punto Isoeléctrico , Masculino , Micetoma/microbiología , Nocardiosis/sangreRESUMEN
Considering that some authors have reported an increasing of some immunoglobulins in actinomycetoma patients, in this study we propose to determine differential production of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgGM in 25 patients with actinomycetoma and 25 healthy individuals from a mycetoma endemic area. Immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA technique. To sensibilize the plates, six Nocardia brasiliensis antigens were used: a crude antigen denominated NB and five derivatives (NB2, NB4, NB6, NB8 and NB10) obtained by their isoelectric point. Results showed that all IgG subclasses were higher in the patients sera than in control sera, with a maximal difference to IgG3 and IgG4. To the latter subclass, six antigens were highly reactives. IgM levels were similar in both groups. As it occurs in other infections, in the actinomycetoma pathogenesis probably participate the increase or deficiency of a determined immunoglobulin class, as well as the relationship between different subclasses.
RESUMEN
Blastomycosis is an acute or chronic primary infection of the respiratory system, endemic in North America (United States of America and Canada), Africa and Asia. We report a case in Mexico, in a three years old child who had been born in California and lived in Chicago, U.S.A. The patient presented pulmonary symptoms prior to development of a skin ulcer. Blastomyces dermatitidis was identified by mycological and molecular procedures. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B, oral ketoconazole and itraconazole.
Asunto(s)
Blastomyces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Blastomicosis/patología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/patología , Úlcera Cutánea/patología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Blastomicosis/epidemiología , Blastomicosis/microbiología , Chicago/etnología , Preescolar , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/microbiología , Masculino , México , Úlcera Cutánea/epidemiología , Úlcera Cutánea/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Peritonitis is a frequent complication in patients with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of fungal peritonitis on patients undergoing CAPD, and to determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of the identified isolates. Samples of the peritoneal dialysis fluid from 165 patients on CAPD treatment with peritonitis manifestations were submitted to mycological study (direct microscopic examination, culture and antifungal susceptibility test). Ten Candida isolates were identified, being C. albicans and C. parapsilosis the most common species. From isolates obtained, three species (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. guilliermondii) presented itraconazole resistance while C. glabrata was resistant to both itraconazole and ketoconazole. Aspergillus fumigatus was associated to peritonitis in three cases and Acremonium sp. in two.
Asunto(s)
Micosis/microbiología , Diálisis Peritoneal Ambulatoria Continua/efectos adversos , Peritonitis/microbiología , Acremonium/efectos de los fármacos , Acremonium/aislamiento & purificación , Anciano , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Aspergillus/efectos de los fármacos , Aspergillus/aislamiento & purificación , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Femenino , Fluconazol/farmacología , Humanos , Itraconazol/farmacología , Cetoconazol/farmacología , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , México , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Micosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Because sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Mexico and the clinical aspect is not always characteristic, the aim of this study was to evaluate laboratory diagnosis techniques. Fifty patients with clinical diagnosis of subcutaneous sporotrichosis were studied including clinical and epidemiologic data. Metabolic antigen was used to elicit delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction in all patients. Exudate was plated on Sabouraud agar and biopsy material was submitted to indirect immunofluorescence and histopathology. Results showed that sporotrichosis frequency was higher in women (62%), in children and adolescents under 20 years of age (34%) and adults older than 50 years of age (28%). Disease was predominant in farmers (44%) followed by housewives (30%). Lymphangitic form accounted for 82% of cases and these were localized in upper limbs (54%). In 66% of cases, histopathology showed S. schenckii yeasts; hypersensitivity skin reaction was positive in 76% and culture in 94%. By indirect immunofluorescence, parasitic elements were demonstrated in all patients corresponding to both sensitivity and specificity 100%. In this work, indirect immunofluorescence was the most efficient sporotrichosis diagnostic method followed by culture, hypersensitivity skin reaction, and histopathologic study.
Asunto(s)
Esporotricosis/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Nosocomial yeast infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This study presents the frequency of yeasts isolated from different biological products from a Mexico City hospital's patients during one year. C. albicans was isolated in 72.3% of patients, followed by C. glabrata (13.4%) and C. parapsilosis (8%). Twenty different morphotypes were identified and the serotype B was the most frequent (79%).
Asunto(s)
Candidiasis/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Candida/clasificación , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , México , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Nosocomial yeast infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This study presents the frequency of yeasts isolated from different biological products from a Mexico City hospitals patients during one year. C. albicans was isolated in 72.3 of patients, followed by C. glabrata (13.4) and C. parapsilosis (8). Twenty different morphotypes were identified and the serotype B was the most frequent (79).(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Candidiasis/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Candida/clasificación , Hospitalización , México , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Nosocomial yeast infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This study presents the frequency of yeasts isolated from different biological products from a Mexico City hospital's patients during one year. C. albicans was isolated in 72.3 of patients, followed by C. glabrata (13.4) and C. parapsilosis (8). Twenty different morphotypes were identified and the serotype B was the most frequent (79).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Candidiasis/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Candida , Hospitalización , México , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Nosocomial yeast infections have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This study presents the frequency of yeasts isolated from different biological products from a Mexico City hospitals patients during one year. C. albicans was isolated in 72.3
of patients, followed by C. glabrata (13.4
) and C. parapsilosis (8
). Twenty different morphotypes were identified and the serotype B was the most frequent (79
).
RESUMEN
As actinomycetoma is more frequent in males than in females, the possibility that hormones might modify the Nocardia brasiliensis growth and the course of experimental actinomycetoma was explored. Five N. brasiliensis strains were grown on Sabouraud agar containing estradiol, progesterone or testosterone, in 3 different concentrations. Colony diameters were measured weekly for 7 weeks. N. brasiliensis strains were also grown in Sabouraud broth containing hormones. Glucose concentration was measured weekly for 6 weeks. Finally, experimental actinomycetoma was produced in male and female hormone-treated mice. Invasion rate, plantar pad diameter and positive retrocultures were assessed. In vitro experiments showed that progesterone and testosterone inhibit N. brasiliensis growth, manifested by lower colony diameters and greater glucose concentrations. In vivo experiments demonstrated that estradiol limits actinomycetoma development. Progesterone and testosterone induced greater diameters of inoculated plantar pads and greater invasion rates with greater positive culture numbers than estradiol. Results partially explain the resistance of females to actinomycetoma.
Asunto(s)
Actinomicosis/etiología , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/farmacología , Nocardiosis/etiología , Nocardia/patogenicidad , Enfermedades Cutáneas Bacterianas/etiología , Esteroides/farmacología , Animales , Estradiol/farmacología , Extremidades/microbiología , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Nocardia/efectos de los fármacos , Nocardia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Progesterona/farmacología , Factores Sexuales , Testosterona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We analysed 2350 biological samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of superficial mycoses who attended outpatient services over a 7-year period. Samples of scales were processed by direct microscopic examination with 15% KOH and cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Laboratory examination confirmed dermatophytosis in 860 (36.6%) cases, of which 80.9% were caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The most frequently observed dermatophytoses were tinea unguium (60%) and tinea pedis (25.6%). In agreement with previous observations, we demonstrate that T. rubrum continues to increase in Mexico.