RESUMEN
Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by Eimeria spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production-which plays a key role in food security in small communities and involves mainly rural women-has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. The first live vaccines against chicken coccidiosis were developed in the 1950s; however, after more than seven decades, none has reached the market. Current limitations on their use have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified. In this review, we have scrutinised surface proteins identified so far in Eimeria spp. affecting chickens. Most of these surface proteins are anchored to the parasite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. The biosynthesis of GPIs, as well as the role of currently identified surface proteins and interest as vaccine candidates has been summarised. The potential role of surface proteins in drug resistance and immune escape and how these could limit the efficacy of control strategies was also discussed.
RESUMEN
At the end of 2020 and previous to the second wave of COVID-19 in Mexico, the seroprevalence in unvaccinated people in the state of Campeche, Mexico was below 15 %. The prevalence changes with ongoing pandemic and per geographical areas. Blood donors screening is a powerful and cost-effective alternative to monitor the population's infection exposure. The aim of the study was to estimate IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in the Campeche's main blood bank in Mexico. This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the main blood bank of the State of Campeche, located in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico for the period of August through September 2021 during the third wave of the epidemic. A blood sample from 479 blood donors were included in the study, the overall seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 69.1 %. Vaccinated donors represented 69.9 % versus 29.4 % unvaccinated. The seropositivity in unvaccinated represented 42.5 % and 81.17 % in vaccinated. The seroconversion in vaccinated donors after first shot was 79 % for Astra-Zeneca-vaccine and 90 % for Pfizer-vaccine. In conclusion 69.1 % of blood donors are seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 and 42.5 percent unvaccinated people are already also seropositive.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Donantes de Sangre , COVID-19/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G , México/epidemiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
The World Health Organization (WHO) places Tuberculosis (TB) as one of the most important health problems today. According to the WHO, this disease requires novel actions to control its expansion and, in this way, achieve one of the goals established in the sustainable development goals: to reduce TB morbidity and incidence by 2030 and regain control. To achieve this goal, the tools currently used for diagnosis and treatment are no longer adequate. In this sense, it is necessary to develop new drugs and vaccines, as well as novel drug administration procedures that generate a better response, reduce times, and optimize treatments. Nanotechnology has incorporated in recent years a considerable number of new tools that significantly increase the diversity of mechanisms for the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the current state of drug resistance in tuberculosis, as well as the general characteristics of nanoparticles being evaluated as tools to transport new antibiotics against tuberculosis.
La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ubica a la tuberculosis (TB) como uno de los problemas de salud más preocupantes en la actualidad, y señala que se requieren de acciones novedosas para controlar su expansión y, de esta manera, alcanzar una de las metas establecidas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: reducir para 2030 la morbilidad e incidencia de TB. Para lograr este objetivo, está claro que las herramientas empleadas actualmente para su diagnóstico y tratamiento ya no son las adecuadas. En este sentido, es necesario desarrollar nuevos medicamentos y vacunas, así como novedosos procedimientos de administración de fármacos que generen una mejor respuesta, disminuyan el tiempo y optimicen los tratamientos. La nanotecnología ha incorporado en los últimos años un gran número de nuevas herramientas que incrementan considerablemente, la diversidad de mecanismos para la administración de tratamientos antituberculosos. Dicho esto, la presente revisión describe brevemente el estado actual de la farmacorresistencia en TB, así como las características generales de las nanopartículas que están evaluándose como herramientas para transportar antibióticos antituberculosos.
Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Nanopartículas , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Tuberculosis , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis/prevención & controlRESUMEN
RESUMEN La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ubica a la tuberculosis (TB) como uno de los problemas de salud más preocupantes en la actualidad, y señala que se requieren de acciones novedosas para controlar su expansión y, de esta manera, alcanzar una de las metas establecidas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: reducir para 2030 la morbilidad e incidencia de TB. Para lograr este objetivo, está claro que las herramientas empleadas actualmente para su diagnóstico y tratamiento ya no son las adecuadas. En este sentido, es necesario desarrollar nuevos medicamentos y vacunas, así como novedosos procedimientos de administración de fármacos que generen una mejor respuesta, disminuyan el tiempo y optimicen los tratamientos. La nanotecnología ha incorporado en los últimos años un gran número de nuevas herramientas que incrementan considerablemente, la diversidad de mecanismos para la administración de tratamientos antituberculosos. Dicho esto, la presente revisión describe brevemente el estado actual de la farmacorresistencia en TB, así como las características generales de las nanopartículas que están evaluándose como herramientas para transportar antibióticos antituberculosos.
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) places Tuberculosis (TB) as one of the most important health problems today. According to the WHO, this disease requires novel actions to control its expansion and, in this way, achieve one of the goals established in the sustainable development goals: to reduce TB morbidity and incidence by 2030 and regain control. To achieve this goal, the tools currently used for diagnosis and treatment are no longer adequate. In this sense, it is necessary to develop new drugs and vaccines, as well as novel drug administration procedures that generate a better response, reduce times, and optimize treatments. Nanotechnology has incorporated in recent years a considerable number of new tools that significantly increase the diversity of mechanisms for the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the current state of drug resistance in tuberculosis, as well as the general characteristics of nanoparticles being evaluated as tools to transport new antibiotics against tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Tuberculosis , Nanopartículas , Antibióticos Antituberculosos , Transporte Biológico , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Portadores de Fármacos , Morbilidad , AntiinfecciososRESUMEN
RESUMEN La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ubica a la tuberculosis (TB) como uno de los problemas de salud más preocupantes en la actualidad, y señala que se requieren de acciones novedosas para controlar su expansión y, de esta manera, alcanzar una de las metas establecidas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: reducir para 2030 la morbilidad e incidencia de TB. Para lograr este objetivo, está claro que las herramientas empleadas actualmente para su diagnóstico y tratamiento ya no son las adecuadas. En este sentido, es necesario desarrollar nuevos medicamentos y vacunas, así como novedosos procedimientos de administración de fármacos que generen una mejor respuesta, disminuyan el tiempo y optimicen los tratamientos. La nanotecnología ha incorporado en los últimos años un gran número de nuevas herramientas que incrementan considerablemente, la diversidad de mecanismos para la administración de tratamientos antituberculosos. Dicho esto, la presente revisión describe brevemente el estado actual de la farmacorresistencia en TB, así como las características generales de las nanopartículas que están evaluándose como herramientas para transportar antibióticos antituberculosos.
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization (WHO) places Tuberculosis (TB) as one of the most important health problems today. According to the WHO, this disease requires novel actions to control its expansion and, in this way, achieve one of the goals established in the sustainable development goals: to reduce TB morbidity and incidence by 2030 and regain control. To achieve this goal, the tools currently used for diagnosis and treatment are no longer adequate. In this sense, it is necessary to develop new drugs and vaccines, as well as novel drug administration procedures that generate a better response, reduce times, and optimize treatments. Nanotechnology has incorporated in recent years a considerable number of new tools that significantly increase the diversity of mechanisms for the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the present review briefly describes the current state of drug resistance in tuberculosis, as well as the general characteristics of nanoparticles being evaluated as tools to transport new antibiotics against tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Tuberculosis , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Nanopartículas , Transporte Biológico , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Morbilidad , Antiinfecciosos , Antibióticos AntituberculososRESUMEN
Parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa are the causative agents of important diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis or cryptosporidiosis in humans, and babesiosis and coccidiosis in animals. Whereas the first human recombinant vaccine against malaria has been approved and recently recommended for wide administration by the WHO, most other zoonotic parasitic diseases lack of appropriate immunoprophylaxis. Sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and statistics, have opened the "omics" era into apicomplexan parasites, which has led to the development of systems biology, a recent field that can significantly contribute to more rational design for new vaccines. The discovery of novel antigens by classical approaches is slow and limited to very few antigens identified and analyzed by each study. High throughput approaches based on the expansion of the "omics", mainly genomics and transcriptomics have facilitated the functional annotation of the genome for many of these parasites, improving significantly the understanding of the parasite biology, interactions with the host, as well as virulence and host immune response. Developments in genetic manipulation in apicomplexan parasites have also contributed to the discovery of new potential vaccine targets. The present minireview does a comprehensive summary of advances in "omics", CRISPR/Cas9 technologies, and in systems biology approaches applied to apicomplexan parasites of economic and zoonotic importance, highlighting their potential of the holistic view in vaccine development.
RESUMEN
Introducción: las adherencias de labios menores es un problema ginecológico frecuente en niñas prepuberales. De las niñas que lo padecen en algún momento de su vida (1,8 por ciento), el pico de mayor incidencia está entre los 13 y 23 meses de edad.Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de esta experiencia en el diagnóstico y manejo de esta entidad.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se revisó la totalidad de las historias clínicas de 804 niñas atendidas desde el 1º de enero de 1998 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2012. La muestra quedó integrada por 54 casos con diagnóstico de adherencias de labios menores. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad al diagnóstico, motivo de consulta, hallazgos clínicos, tipo de sinequia, tratamiento impuesto, entre otras.Resultados: hubo mayor incidencia de sinequias en niñas entre 3 meses y 3 años (74 por ciento), con predominio de la variedad incompleta y dentro de esta la del tercio inferior (66,6 por ciento). La distorsión anatómica de los genitales externos resultó el principal motivo de consulta (42,6 por ciento). Los mejores resultados del tratamiento se lograron con la combinación de medidas higiénicas y ejercicios de tracción lateral vulvar con el uso tópico de estrógenos. Las recidivas se presentaron en 12,9 por ciento de los casos a los seis meses de edad.Conclusiones: la adherencia de labios menores es una causa importante de consulta ginecológica en niñas. Se asocia a una gran ansiedad en padres y familiares. Se obtuvo buenos resultados con el tratamiento médico, sobre todo cuando se empleó estrógenos localmente(AU)
Introduction: Labial adhesions is a common gynecological problem in prepubertal adolescents. The highest peak incidence is between 13 and 23 months old of those girls sufferingfrom this problem at some point in their life (1.8 percent).Objective: Show the results of this experience in the diagnosis and management of this condition.Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted at revising all the medical records of 804 girls assisted from 1st January 1998 to 31st December, 2012. The sample was composed of 54 cases diagnosed with labial adhesions. The variables studied were age at diagnosis, presenting complaint, clinical findings, type of synechia, treatment, among others.Results: There was higher incidence of synechiae in children between 3 months and 3 years (74 percent), predominantly incomplete, andin the lower third (66.6 percent). The anatomical distortion of the external genitalia was the main reason for consultation (42.6 percent). Best treatment results were achieved with the combination of hygienic measures and vulvar lateral traction exercises with topical estrogen use. Recurrences occurred in 12.9 percent of cases at six months of age.Conclusions: Labialadhesion is a major cause of gynecological consultation in girls. It is associated with great anxiety in parents and relatives. Good results were obtainedwith medical treatment, especially when the topical use of estrogen(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Ginecología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Introducción: las adherencias de labios menores es un problema ginecológico frecuente en niñas prepuberales. De las niñas que lo padecen en algún momento de su vida (1,8 por ciento), el pico de mayor incidencia está entre los 13 y 23 meses de edad. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de esta experiencia en el diagnóstico y manejo de esta entidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se revisó la totalidad de las historias clínicas de 804 niñas atendidas desde el 1º de enero de 1998 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2012. La muestra quedó integrada por 54 casos con diagnóstico de adherencias de labios menores. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad al diagnóstico, motivo de consulta, hallazgos clínicos, tipo de sinequia, tratamiento impuesto, entre otras. Resultados: hubo mayor incidencia de sinequias en niñas entre 3 meses y 3 años (74 por ciento), con predominio de la variedad incompleta y dentro de esta la del tercio inferior (66,6 por ciento). La distorsión anatómica de los genitales externos resultó el principal motivo de consulta (42,6 por ciento). Los mejores resultados del tratamiento se lograron con la combinación de medidas higiénicas y ejercicios de tracción lateral vulvar con el uso tópico de estrógenos. Las recidivas se presentaron en 12,9 por ciento de los casos a los seis meses de edad. Conclusiones: la adherencia de labios menores es una causa importante de consulta ginecológica en niñas. Se asocia a una gran ansiedad en padres y familiares. Se obtuvo buenos resultados con el tratamiento médico, sobre todo cuando se empleó estrógenos localmente(AU)
Introduction: Labial adhesions is a common gynecological problem in prepubertal adolescents. The highest peak incidence is between 13 and 23 months old of those girls sufferingfrom this problem at some point in their life (1.8 percent). Objective: Show the results of this experience in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted at revising all the medical records of 804 girls assisted from 1st January 1998 to 31st December, 2012. The sample was composed of 54 cases diagnosed with labial adhesions. The variables studied were age at diagnosis, presenting complaint, clinical findings, type of synechia, treatment, among others. Results: There was higher incidence of synechiae in children between 3 months and 3 years (74 percent), predominantly incomplete, andin the lower third (66.6 percent). The anatomical distortion of the external genitalia was the main reason for consultation (42.6 percent). Best treatment results were achieved with the combination of hygienic measures and vulvar lateral traction exercises with topical estrogen use. Recurrences occurred in 12.9 percent of cases at six months of age. Conclusions: Labialadhesion is a major cause of gynecological consultation in girls. It is associated with great anxiety in parents and relatives. Good results were obtainedwith medical treatment, especially when the topical use of estrogen(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Higiene/educación , Aglutinación , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/terapia , Enfermedades de la Vulva/epidemiología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones del Sistema Genital/tratamiento farmacológico , Genitales Femeninos/anomalíasRESUMEN
The purpose of this paper was to report the case of a 23-year-old patient suffering from bilateral acute visual loss who received the diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy. After systemic evaluation, he was diagnosed with bilateral renal disease and chronic renal failure, requiring a kidney transplantation to manage the systemic illness, followed by gradual improvement of his visual acuity.
RESUMEN
Sex differences in the symptomatology and course of illness have been reported among schizophrenic patients. Hence, the principal objective of the present study was to investigate sex differences in the concentrations of the lipid peroxidation metabolites MDA and 4-HNE, and in the membrane phospholipid levels of ARA, EPA and DHA in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 46 paranoid schizophrenics (25 women) with short-term evolution who were in an acute psychotic stage and 40 healthy controls (23 women) participated in the study. Psychopathology was evaluated by BPRS and PANSS. Lipid peroxidation sub-products (MDA, 4-HNE) and fatty acid levels (ARA, EPA, DHA) were determined in erythrocyte membranes. The men in both groups showed higher lipid peroxidation levels and those values were higher in schizophrenic patients than controls, with only EPA fatty acid concentrations found to be lower in the former than the latter. These results suggest that men may suffer greater oxidative neuronal damage than women, and that this could worsen the course of illness and result in greater disease severity.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Caracteres Sexuales , Adolescente , Adulto , Aldehídos/metabolismo , Análisis de Varianza , Ácido Araquidónico/metabolismo , Cromatografía , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Esquizofrenia Paranoide , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The purpose of the present study was to determine sex differences in facial, prosodic, and social context emotional recognition in schizophrenia (SCH). Thirty-eight patients (SCH, 20 females) and 38 healthy controls (CON, 20 females) participated in the study. Clinical scales (BPRS and PANSS) and an Affective States Scale were applied, as well as tasks to evaluate facial, prosodic, and within a social context emotional recognition. SCH showed lower accuracy and longer response times than CON, but no significant sex differences were observed in either facial or prosody recognition. In social context emotions, however, females showed higher empathy than males with respect to happiness in both groups. SCH reported being more identified with sad films than CON and females more with fear than males. The results of this study confirm the deficits of emotional recognition in male and female patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. Sex differences were detected in relation to social context emotions and facial and prosodic recognition depending on age.
RESUMEN
The prevalence of chronic Chagas' heart disease as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown in the State of Campeche, Mexico. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with clinical diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Of a total of 127 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, we studied 91 with two positive serological tests for T. cruzi. We identified 14 positive cases for a prevalence of 15 % of chronic Chagas' heart disease. This prevalence is similar to that reported for the rest of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/epidemiología , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunología , Anciano , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/complicaciones , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/complicaciones , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Se desconoce la prevalencia de cardiopatía chagásica crónica como causa de miocardiopatía dilatada en el estado de Campeche, por lo que se decidió estudiar la prevalencia de serología positiva para Trypanosoma cruzi en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de miocardiopatía dilatada. De un total de 127 enfermos diagnosticados con miocardiopatía dilatada, se estudiaron 91 con dos pruebas serológicas positivas para Trypanosoma cruzi. Se identificaron 14 casos positivos para una prevalencia de cardiopatía chagásica crónica de 15%. Esta prevalencia es similar a la informada para el resto de la península de Yucatán.
The prevalence of chronic Chagas' heart disease as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown in the State of Campeche, Mexico. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with clinical diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Of a total of 127 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, we studied 91 with two positive serological tests for T. cruzi. We identified 14 positive cases for a prevalence of 15 % of chronic Chagas' heart disease. This prevalence is similar to that reported for the rest of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/sangre , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/epidemiología , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunología , Enfermedad Crónica , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/complicaciones , Cardiomiopatía Chagásica/complicaciones , México/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Current strategies to prevent transfusion-associated Chagas disease include the identification of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood donors through questionnaires and serologic tests. There are other procedures such as leukoreduction that prevent the transmission of infectious agents associated to white cells. The objective of the present work was to estimate the seroprevalence, evaluate the efficacy of leukoreduction by centrifugation to eliminate T. cruzi in infected blood units, and the correlation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses of seropositive blood donors with chronic chagasic cardiopathy. Over a period of 14 months, 33 out of 6600 blood donors (0.5%) at Centro Estatal de la Transfusión Sanguínea in Campeche State, México were seropositive for T. cruzi. Twenty seropositive blood units were submitted through leukoreduction by centrifugation, and in the fractions generated (red cell fraction, platelets, and the buffy-coat), we searched for the presence of T. cruzi using specific polymerase chain reaction. We detected parasite DNA in 50% to 60% of the fractions tested, suggesting that leukoreduction by centrifugation does not eliminate the microorganisms in the infected blood unit. We also observed that the level of IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses specific for T. cruzi in seropositive blood donors was lower than in chronic cardiopathic chagasic patients. In conclusion, leukoreduction by centrifugation has a limited role in eliminating T. cruzi in infected blood supply, and the low level of specific IgG2 and IgG4 could be a marker in the indeterminate phase of infection.
Asunto(s)
Centrifugación/métodos , Enfermedad de Chagas/epidemiología , Reacción a la Transfusión , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Bancos de Sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión , Humanos , México/epidemiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Definimos como abuso sexual a aquel acto en el que se involucran niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos, inmaduros y dependientes, en actividades sexuales que no son verdaderamente comprendidas y frente a las cuales son incapaces de consentir responsablemente. OBJETIVO: estudiar el comportamiento, por edades, niñas (0-10 años) y adolescentes (11-19 años), del diagnóstico y características epidemiológicas en víctimas de Abuso Sexual en 10 años de trabajo en una consulta de Ginecología Infanto Juvenil del Policlínico Luis Pasteur. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, se revisó el 100 por ciento de las historias clínicas de 6 440 niñas y adolescentes atendidas en consulta entre el 1º de enero de 1997 al 31 de diciembre de 2006, la muestra quedó integrada por 32 casos con diagnóstico de abuso sexual. Las variables estudiadas fueron: motivo de consulta, hallazgos al examen físico, presencia o no de ITS, tipo de abuso, características del perpetrador y denuncia o no del hecho. RESULTADOS: encontramos mayor incidencia de abusos en niñas con 1,15 por ciento, siendo 0,5 por ciento la incidencia global, la mayor incidencia bruta estuvo en adolescentes con 24 casos. Predominó el abuso sexual crónico que representó el 100 por ciento en niñas y 50 por ciento en adolescentes. La causa más frecuente de consulta fueron síntomas relacionados con infección genital, se halló alta correlación entre abuso sexual y presencia de ITS, solo en 6 casos se refirió antecedente de abuso como motivo de consulta. Predominó el familiar/conocido como perpetrador, se reportó baja incidencia de denuncias. CONCLUSIONES: el abuso sexual es poco conocido y pesquisado en nuestro medio, resulta importante promover su diagnóstico y pesquisa, pues es causa de severa afectación a la salud mental y reproductiva de niñas y adolescentes(AU)
We defined the sexual abuse as every act in which immature and dependent children and teenagers of both sexes are involved in sexual activities that are not truly understood by them and for which they are unable to give their consent in a responsible way. OBJECTIVE: to study the behavior of diagnosis and epidemiological characteristics of sexual abuse victims by age in girls (0-10 years) and teenagers (11-19 years) in a ten-year period at the Infant and Young Gynecological Service of "Luis Pasteur" polyclinics. METHODS: we carried out a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study in which we reviewed all the medical histories of 6 440 girls and teenagers seen at this service from January 1st, 1997 to December 31st, 2006 and the final sample comprised 32 patients diagnosed as sexual abuse cases. The studied variables were reasons to go to the gynecologist, findings at physical exam, existence or absence of sexually-transmitted infections, type of abuse, characteristics of the perpetrator, and report to the police. RESULTS: we found the highest abuse incidence in girls (1,15 percent), being 0,5 percent the global incidence. The highest gross incidence was observed in teenagers with 24 cases. Chronic sexual abuse prevailed in 100 percent of studied girls and 50 percent of teenagers. The most common cause to go to the gynecologist was feeling genital infection symptoms; sexual abuse and sexually-transmitted infections were very much correlated; sexual abuse was only found in 6 cases as reason to go to the gynecologist´s. Either a relative or an acquaintance was the sexual abuse perpetrator in most of cases but the amount of reports to the police was low. CONCLUSIONS: sexual abuse is poorly known and screened in our context, so it is important to encourage its diagnosis and screening since it brings about serious effects for the mental and reproductive health of girls and adolescents in general(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Abuso Sexual Infantil/diagnóstico , Delitos Sexuales , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Salud Reproductiva , Epidemiología DescriptivaRESUMEN
Definimos como abuso sexual a aquel acto en el que se involucran niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos, inmaduros y dependientes, en actividades sexuales que no son verdaderamente comprendidas y frente a las cuales son incapaces de consentir responsablemente. OBJETIVO: estudiar el comportamiento, por edades, niñas (0-10 años) y adolescentes (11-19 años), del diagnóstico y características epidemiológicas en víctimas de Abuso Sexual en 10 años de trabajo en una consulta de Ginecología Infanto Juvenil del Policlínico Luis Pasteur. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo, se revisó el 100 por ciento de las historias clínicas de 6 440 niñas y adolescentes atendidas en consulta entre el 1º de enero de 1997 al 31 de diciembre de 2006, la muestra quedó integrada por 32 casos con diagnóstico de abuso sexual. Las variables estudiadas fueron: motivo de consulta, hallazgos al examen físico, presencia o no de ITS, tipo de abuso, características del perpetrador y denuncia o no del hecho. RESULTADOS: encontramos mayor incidencia de abusos en niñas con 1,15 por ciento, siendo 0,5 por ciento la incidencia global, la mayor incidencia bruta estuvo en adolescentes con 24 casos. Predominó el abuso sexual crónico que representó el 100 por ciento en niñas y 50 por ciento en adolescentes. La causa más frecuente de consulta fueron síntomas relacionados con infección genital, se halló alta correlación entre abuso sexual y presencia de ITS, solo en 6 casos se refirió antecedente de abuso como motivo de consulta. Predominó el familiar/conocido como perpetrador, se reportó baja incidencia de denuncias. CONCLUSIONES: el abuso sexual es poco conocido y pesquisado en nuestro medio, resulta importante promover su diagnóstico y pesquisa, pues es causa de severa afectación a la salud mental y reproductiva de niñas y adolescentes.
We defined the sexual abuse as every act in which immature and dependent children and teenagers of both sexes are involved in sexual activities that are not truly understood by them and for which they are unable to give their consent in a responsible way. OBJECTIVE: to study the behavior of diagnosis and epidemiological characteristics of sexual abuse victims by age in girls (0-10 years) and teenagers (11-19 years) in a ten-year period at the Infant and Young Gynecological Service of "Luis Pasteur" polyclinics. METHODS: we carried out a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study in which we reviewed all the medical histories of 6 440 girls and teenagers seen at this service from January 1st, 1997 to December 31st, 2006 and the final sample comprised 32 patients diagnosed as sexual abuse cases. The studied variables were reasons to go to the gynecologist, findings at physical exam, existence or absence of sexually-transmitted infections, type of abuse, characteristics of the perpetrator, and report to the police. RESULTS: we found the highest abuse incidence in girls (1,15 percent), being 0,5 percent the global incidence. The highest gross incidence was observed in teenagers with 24 cases. Chronic sexual abuse prevailed in 100 percent of studied girls and 50 percent of teenagers. The most common cause to go to the gynecologist was feeling genital infection symptoms; sexual abuse and sexually-transmitted infections were very much correlated; sexual abuse was only found in 6 cases as reason to go to the gynecologist's. Either a relative or an acquaintance was the sexual abuse perpetrator in most of cases but the amount of reports to the police was low. CONCLUSIONS: sexual abuse is poorly known and screened in our context, so it is important to encourage its diagnosis and screening since it brings about serious effects for the mental and reproductive health of girls and adolescents in general.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Niño , Abuso Sexual Infantil/diagnóstico , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Delitos Sexuales , Salud Reproductiva , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
El presente trabajo se efectuó con el objeto de realizar un estudio prospectivo, comparativo y descriptivo, sobre la frecuencia de la hipertensión arterial en nuestro medio. Se conformaron dos grupos de sujetos: menores de 60 años (grupo I) y mayores de 60 (grupo II). Se detectaron 150 pacientes (30 por ciento) con hipertensión arterial entre 500 sujetos mayores de 60 años; y 90 (13 por ciento) en 700 individuos menores de 60 años. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas durante el estudio. El 81 por ciento del grupo I y el 80 por ciento del grupo II tuvieron una respuesta favorable desde el inicio de su tratamiento hasta los cuatro meses que duró su evaluación