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1.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) ; 87(3): 362-379, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35778341

RESUMEN

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequently manifesting as one of the main complications of cirrhosis of the liver, its principal risk factor. There have been modifications in its incidence over the past decade, related to an epidemiologic transition in the etiology of cirrhosis, with a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis C and an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a cause, as well as the development of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver due to NAFLD. Genetic markers associated with the disease have been identified, and surveillance and diagnosis have improved. Regarding treatment, surgical techniques, in both resection and transplantation, have advanced and radiologic techniques, at the curative stage of the disease, have enhanced survival in those patients. And finally, there have been radical changes in the systemic approach, with much more optimistic expectations, when compared with the options available a decade ago. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología decided to carry out the Second Mexican Consensus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma, which is an updated review of the available national and international evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, to offer the Mexican physician current information on the different topics regarding hepatocellular carcinoma. In this second part of the document, the topics related to the treatment of HCC are presented.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Consenso , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología
2.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) ; 87(2): 216-234, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35431142

RESUMEN

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more frequently manifesting as one of the main complications of cirrhosis of the liver, its principal risk factor. There have been modifications in its incidence over the past decade, related to an epidemiologic transition in the etiology of cirrhosis, with a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis C and an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a cause, as well as the development of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver due to NAFLD. Genetic markers associated with the disease have been identified, and surveillance and diagnosis have improved. Regarding treatment, surgical techniques, in both resection and transplantation, have advanced and radiologic techniques, at the curative stage of the disease, have enhanced survival in those patients. And finally, there have been radical changes in the systemic approach, with much more optimistic expectations, when compared with the options available a decade ago. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología decided to carry out the Second Mexican Consensus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma, which is an updated review of the available national and international evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, to offer the Mexican physician current information on the different topics regarding hepatocellular carcinoma. In this first part of the document, the topics related to epidemiology and diagnosis are presented.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Consenso , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología
3.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 196(2): 237-248, 2019 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30638266

RESUMEN

Regulatory T cells (Tregs ) modulate the magnitude of immune responses and possess therapeutic potential in an array of immune diseases. Statins reduce the activation and proliferation of conventional T cells (Tcons ), and they seem to up-regulate the frequency and function of Tregs . However, there is a lack of simultaneous evaluation of the in-vitro effect of statins on the functional profile of Tregs versus Tcons . Herein, magnetically purified Tcons and Tregs were stimulated with CD3/CD28/interleukin (IL)-2 in the presence of atorvastatin (ATV) at 1 or 10 µM. The suppressive function of Tregs , the expression of markers associated with Treg function, activation levels, cytokine production and calcium flux in both subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. ATV had no cytotoxic effect on T cells at the concentrations used. Interestingly, 10 µM ATV hampered the suppressive capacity of Tregs . Moreover, this higher concentration reduced the expression of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1). In Tcons , ATV at 10 µM decreased PD-1 and CD45RO expression. The expression of CD25, CD69, CD95, CD38, CD62L, CCR7 and perforin was not affected in both subpopulations or at any ATV concentrations. Remarkably, 10 µM ATV increased the percentage of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-producing Tregs . Although there was a reduction of calcium flux in Tcons and Tregs , it was only significant in 10 µM ATV-treated Tcons . These results suggested that 10 µM ATV affects the cellular functions of both populations; however, this concentration particularly affected several aspects of Treg biology: its suppressive function, cytokine production and expression of Treg -specific markers.


Asunto(s)
Atorvastatina/farmacología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Antígenos Comunes de Leucocito/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores CCR7/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
4.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 152: 90-8, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25482591

RESUMEN

Body weight in different mammalian species influences reproductive potential. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of body weight at the time of semen collection with libido, seminal characteristics and number of semen doses for artificial insemination (AI) in New Zealand White mature fertile male rabbits. Data came from 728 semen collections of 14 rabbits, 15-months of age that were sexually experienced with proven semen quality and fertility. Semen collection was performed twice a week with two ejaculates at each collection time and lasted 14 weeks. A second ejaculation was collected at 1-2h after the first. Data from each male from first and second ejaculates from 1 day of semen collection throughout the trial were averaged (n=324) and partial correlation coefficients and regression equations were estimated to describe the relationship of male body weight to ejaculation reaction time and 12 semen and sperm characteristics. As body weight increased there was a linear (P<0.05) increase in reaction time, abnormal sperm with an intact membrane and abnormal sperm with a damaged membrane and a linear (P<0.05) decrease in semen volume, sperm concentration per ejaculate, normal sperm with an intact membrane, number of normal motile sperm with an intact membrane and suitable semen doses for AI. Body weight of the mature male rabbit at semen collection had some influence on libido, semen and sperm characteristics, with a general trend toward a lesser reproduction potential as body weight increases.


Asunto(s)
Peso Corporal/fisiología , Conejos/fisiología , Semen/fisiología , Conducta Sexual Animal/fisiología , Animales , Masculino , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria
5.
J Food Prot ; 77(12): 2148-52, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25474065

RESUMEN

Requirements of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) are becoming essential for international trade in food commodities as a safety assurance component. This research reports the level of the adoption of ISO 9000 and the HACCP system by Federal Inspection Type (TIF) pork-exporting enterprises. Implementation and operating costs are reported as well as the benefits involved in this food industry process. In Mexico, there are 97 companies classified as TIF enterprises, and 22 are registered as exporters of processed pork with the National Services for Safety and Quality and Animal Health of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food. Surveys were administered to 22 companies, with a 95.2% response rate. Enterprise characteristics were evaluated, as well as their operating activities. Fieldwork consisted of administering structured questionnaires to TIF exporters. All the surveyed enterprises had implemented HACCP, whereas the ISO 9000 regulation was applied in only 30%. Of total production, 75% is exported to 13 countries, and 25% goes to the Mexican market niche. Results indicate that the main factors for adopting HACCP are related to accessibility to international markets, improving quality, and reducing product quality audits by customers. The results also indicated that staff training was the most important issue. Microbiological testing was the highest cost of the operation. The main benefits reported were related to better access to international markets and a considerable reduction in microbial counts. This study shows the willingness of Mexican pork processors to implement food safety protocols for producing safe and quality products to compete in the international food trade.


Asunto(s)
Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Productos de la Carne/normas , Animales , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Críticos/métodos , México , Porcinos
6.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 41(10): 1291-5, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22578568

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to assess and quantify the dimensional error of prototypes produced using multi-slice and cone-beam computed tomography (MSCT and CBCT). Titanium screws were inserted into a dry skull at different points of the midface. The skull was scanned using MSCT (LightSpeed16) with pixel size 0.3 mm and CBCT (i-CAT Cone-Beam 3D) with voxel sizes 0.25 and 0.4 mm. Prototypes were printed (fabricated) using a ZPrinter 310 device. Both the dry skull (gold standard) and the prototypes were measured using a Mitutoyo 3D coordinate measuring system with three perpendicular axes (X, Y, and Z). The prototype produced from MSCT data presented a mean dimensional error of 0.62%; the two models produced with CBCT images yielded errors of 0.74% with voxel size 0.25 mm and 0.82% with voxel size 0.40 mm. No significant differences in dimensional errors were observed across the prototypes (p=0.767; Friedman's non-parametric test). Prototypes produced from CBCT data using voxel sizes of 0.25 and 0.4mm, and also the one produced from MSCT data using pixel size 0.3mm, showed acceptable dimensional errors and can therefore be used in the fabrication of prototypes in dentistry.


Asunto(s)
Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Huesos Faciales/diagnóstico por imagen , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Cadáver , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/instrumentación , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Precisión de la Medición Dimensional , Marcadores Fiduciales , Humanos , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector/instrumentación , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector/métodos , Sistemas de Información Radiológica , Interfaz Usuario-Computador
7.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 129(3-4): 221-8, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22270001

RESUMEN

The sprouted wheat (SW) contains the 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), a phenol compound that stimulates reproduction in certain small wild herbivorous mammals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term supplemental dietary SW on libido, semen and sperm characteristics of rabbit bucks. Five-month old New Zealand White pubertal rabbits (n=18) were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: supplementation or not (control) supplemented with SW. The experimental design was completely random with nine replications, experimental unit was one buck. Semen collection for each male was conducted once a week with two ejaculations during 20 weeks. The SW was given during four consecutive days prior to each semen collection. Analysis of variance was under a mixed model: treatment, ejaculate number and season were fixed and rabbit random effects. There was no effect of treatment (P>0.05) on reaction time, gel presence, volume, pH, sperm motility, sperm number per ml and sperm number per ejaculate. The percentage of normal alive spermatozoa was 13.5% greater in SW-supplemented bucks than in the control and the percentage of abnormal alive spermatozoa was 44.1% greater in the control than in the SW-supplemented bucks. The morphology of dead spermatozoa, integrity of acrosome, number of normal alive motile sperm and semen doses per ejaculate were not influenced (P>0.05) by SW supplementation. The proportion of presence of gel and semen volume in the first ejaculate was greater than the second ejaculate (+140% and +56.4%). However, the semen quality in the latter was greater (P=0.0001) than the former in terms of an increase in motility (+29.7%). Reproductive traits were more desirable (P<0.05) in winter than autumn. Dietary wilted SW as a source of biological 6-MBOA enhanced sperm characteristics in terms of a greater percentage of normal alive and lesser percentage of abnormal alive spermatozoa but did not affect the number of normal motile live sperm and suitable semen doses in rabbit bucks in autumn and winter.


Asunto(s)
Benzoxazoles/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Análisis de Semen , Conducta Sexual Animal , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Triticum/metabolismo , Animales , Eyaculación/fisiología , Masculino , Conejos , Espermatozoides/citología
8.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 122(3-4): 270-5, 2010 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20926210

RESUMEN

Female exposure of males could be a low-cost biostimulation option that benefits AI in commercial rabbit operations by improving buck rabbits reproductive performance. The objective of the study was to evaluate exposure of buck rabbits to females as a biostimulation option to improve reproductive potential. Treatments were: exposure (biostimulated) or not (control) of bucks to does. Bucks were New Zealand White, 15-month-old, sexually experienced and fertile. Experimental design was completely random with nine replications, experimental unit was one buck. Doe exposure was permanent using replacement pubertal does housed in an adjacent wire-mesh cage and changed for new ones every other week. Semen collection lasted 14 weeks (late winter and early spring) twice a week with two ejaculates at each collection. Analyses of variance were under a mixed model: treatments, ejaculate number and season were fixed and rabbit random effects and buck weight at each collection as covariable. Biostimulated bucks showed greater (P<0.05) reproductive potential due to: 7% lesser reaction time (greater libido); and increased semen volume (40%), sperm motility (29%), sperm per ejaculate (31%), normal alive motile sperm (65%) and number of semen doses (64%). Semen characteristics differed by season in control bucks but not in doe exposed bucks (treatment × ejaculate number, P<0.05). Reproductive potential in spring was greater (P<0.05) than in winter in both treatments. Doe exposure is a biostimulation method that improves sexual drive and sperm production and quality of buck rabbits.


Asunto(s)
Conejos/fisiología , Reproducción/fisiología , Semen , Conducta Sexual Animal/fisiología , Manejo de Especímenes/veterinaria , Animales , Eyaculación , Femenino , Inseminación Artificial/veterinaria , Masculino , Estaciones del Año , Semen/citología , Semen/fisiología , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Recuento de Espermatozoides/veterinaria , Motilidad Espermática , Espermatozoides/fisiología
9.
Neuroimage ; 36(3): 645-60, 2007 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17466539

RESUMEN

A new methodology based on Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) and Graph Theory is presented for characterizing the anatomical connections between brain gray matter areas. In a first step, brain voxels are modeled as nodes of a non-directed graph in which the weight of an arc linking two neighbor nodes is assumed to be proportional to the probability of being connected by nervous fibers. This probability is estimated by means of probabilistic tissue segmentation and intravoxel white matter orientational distribution function, obtained from anatomical MRI and DW-MRI, respectively. A new tractography algorithm for finding white matter routes is also introduced. This algorithm solves the most probable path problem between any two nodes, leading to the assessment of probabilistic brain anatomical connection maps. In a second step, for assessing anatomical connectivity between K gray matter structures, the previous graph is redefined as a K+1 partite graph by partitioning the initial nodes set in K non-overlapped gray matter subsets and one subset clustering the remaining nodes. Three different measures are proposed for quantifying anatomical connections between any pair of gray matter subsets: Anatomical Connection Strength (ACS), Anatomical Connection Density (ACD) and Anatomical Connection Probability (ACP). This methodology was applied to both artificial and actual human data. Results show that nervous fiber pathways between some regions of interest were reconstructed correctly. Additionally, mean connectivity maps of ACS, ACD and ACP between 71 gray matter structures for five healthy subjects are presented.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Gráficos por Computador , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/estadística & datos numéricos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/estadística & datos numéricos , Algoritmos , Humanos , Modelos Anatómicos , Modelos Estadísticos , Fibras Nerviosas/fisiología
10.
J Oral Rehabil ; 33(2): 144-51, 2006 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16457675

RESUMEN

This study evaluated the clinical performance of four packable resin composite restorative materials in posterior teeth (Class I and II) compared with one hybrid composite after 3 years. Eighty-four restorations were placed in 16 patients. The tested materials were: (i) Solitaire + Solid Bond; (ii) ALERT + Bond-1; (iii) Surefil + Prime & Bond NT; (iv) Filtek P60 + Single Bond and (v) TPH Spectrum + Prime & Bond 2.1. All restorations were made using rubber dam isolation, and the cavity design was restricted to the elimination of carious tissue. Deeper cavities were covered with calcium hydroxide and/or glass-ionomer cement. Each adhesive system and composite resin was placed according to the manufacturer's instructions. One week later, the restorations were finished/polished and evaluated according USPHS modified criteria. Fourteen patients attended the 3-year recall and 75 restorations were evaluated at that time based on the same evaluation criteria. Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance by rank and Wilcoxon sign-ranked test for pair-wise comparison was used for data analysis (alpha = 0.05). The analysis was performed only for the baseline and for the 3-year period. Solitaire showed some fractures at marginal ridges in 25% of the cases. Solitaire and ALERT showed some concerns related to colour match (43 and 77%, respectively) and surface texture (86 and 77%, respectively). TPH Spectrum showed a great percentage of colour mismatch after 3 years, around 50%. Surefil and Filtek P60 showed an excellent clinical performance after 3 years, similar to the hybrid resin tested, TPH Spectrum. Solitaire did not fulfil the ADA acceptance criteria for restorative materials and, therefore, is not recommended for use in posterior restorations.


Asunto(s)
Resinas Compuestas/uso terapéutico , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/uso terapéutico , Acetona , Diente Premolar , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato/uso terapéutico , Adaptación Marginal Dental , Compuestos Epoxi/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Metacrilatos/uso terapéutico , Diente Molar , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/uso terapéutico , Coloración de Prótesis , Propiedades de Superficie , Resultado del Tratamiento
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