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OBJECTIVE: Latin America had only one Spanish-speaking postgraduate academic programme on managing wounds and ostomies until 2021. Since then, two more programmes have been developed; one in Colombia and another in Mexico. Therefore, studying alumni outcomes becomes highly relevant. We aimed to describe the alumni's professional development and academic satisfaction from a Wound, Ostomy and Burn Therapy postgraduate programme in Mexico City, Mexico. METHOD: An electronic survey was sent to all alumni from January-July 2019 from the School of Nursing of Universidad Panamericana. Employability, academic development and satisfaction following completion of the academic programme were evaluated. RESULTS: From 88 respondents, 77 of whom were nurses, 86 (97.7%) answered that they were working, and 86.4% were working in an area related to the studied programme. Regarding general satisfaction, 88% were totally satisfied/satisfied with the programme and 93.2% would recommend it. CONCLUSION: Alumni from the Wound, Ostomy and Burn Therapy postgraduate programme are satisfied with the academic curriculum and have good professional development, demonstrated by a high employment rate.
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Curriculum , Satisfacción Personal , Humanos , América Latina , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Not available.
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COVID-19 , Telemedicina , Humanos , Estudios de Cohortes , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
A continuum from stem to transit-amplifying to a differentiated cell state is a common theme in multicellular organisms. In the plant root apical meristem (RAM), transit-amplifying cells are organized into two domains: cells from the proliferation domain (PD) are displaced to the transition domain (TD), suggesting that both domains are necessarily coupled. Here, we show that in the Arabidopsis thaliana mto2-2 mutant, in which threonine (Thr) synthesis is affected, the RAM lacks the PD. Through a combination of cell length profile analysis, mathematical modeling and molecular markers, we establish that the PD and TD can be uncoupled. Remarkably, although the RAM of mto2-2 is represented solely by the TD, the known factors of RAM maintenance and auxin signaling are expressed in the mutant. Mathematical modeling predicts that the stem cell niche depends on Thr metabolism and that, when disturbed, the normal continuum of cell states becomes aborted.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Meristema/genética , Meristema/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Treonina/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Mutación/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las PlantasRESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: evaluar una intervención educativa en escolares y manipuladores de expendios para incrementar conocimientos y hábitos saludables en alimentación, así como en normativa, con el propósito de mejorar la disponibilidad alimentaria. Materiales y Métodos: estudio de caso, analítico y longitudinal. Se llevó a cabo una intervención educativa participativa en una escuela primaria de la ciudad de Zacatecas, México. Se intervinieron a dos grupos de estudio; escolares y manipuladores de alimentos de los diferentes expendios de la escuela de enero a julio de 2018. Se utilizaron encuestas de elaboración propia para las etapas de diagnóstico y evaluación. Para la intervención de ambos grupos se desarrollaron diferentes cursos-taller de 30-40 minutos. Con base en las pruebas t de student y Wilcoxon se determinaron las diferencias significativas con α=5%. Resultados: la intervención fue positiva en los escolares al incrementarse sus conocimientos y el consumo de alimentos frescos, tanto en el desayuno como en el lonche, en cambio, los resultados entre los manipuladores no derivaron inmediatamente hacia una mejor disponibilidad alimentaria dentro de la escuela, sino hasta que las autoridades de la institución condicionaron la oferta de productos en el expendio. Conclusiones: mediante la educación para la salud y la suma de esfuerzos entre los actores implicados en la intervención educativa, se contribuyó a crear un entorno alimentario escolar saludable. Es necesario dar seguimiento a estas acciones y hacer valer la normativa para reforzar los procesos de cambio hacia mejores prácticas alimentarias entre los escolares y manipuladores del expendio.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate an educational intervention in school children and dispenser handlers to increase knowledge and healthy nutritional habits as well as in regulations with the purpose of improving food availability. Materials and Methods: Analytical and longitudinal case study. A participatory educational intervention was carried out in a primary school in the city of Zacatecas, Mexico. Two study groups were intervened: school children and dispenser handlers from the different school cafeterias from January to July 2018. Self-made surveys were used for the diagnosis and evaluation stages. Different 30-40-minute study-workshops were developed for the intervention of both groups. Based on the Student and Wilcoxon t tests, the significant differences were determined with α = 5%. Results: The intervention was positive in the school children as their knowledge and consumption of fresh food increased both at breakfast and lunch. On the other hand, the results among the dispenser handlers did not immediately led to better food availability within the school but until the authorities of the institution conditioned the offer of products in the cafeterias. Conclusions: Through health education and the sum of efforts between the actors involved in the educational intervention, it was possible to contribute to the creation of a healthy school nutritional environment. It is necessary to monitor these actions and enforce the regulations to reinforce the processes of change towards better food practices among school children and dispenser handlers.
Resumo Objetivo: avaliar uma intervenção educativa em escolares e manipuladores de lanchonetes para incrementar conhecimentos e hábitos saudáveis na alimentação, assim como em normativa, com o propósito de melhorar à disponibilidade alimentar. Materiais e Métodos: estudo de caso, analítico e longitudinal. Realizou-se uma intervenção educativa participativa em uma escola básica da cidade de Zacatecas, México. Afetaram-se a dois grupos de estudo; escolares e manipuladores de alimentos das diferentes lanchonetes da escola de janeiro a julho de 2018. Utilizaram-se enquetes de elaboração própria para as etapas de diagnóstico e avaliação. Para a intervenção de ambos grupos se desenvolveram diferentes cursos-oficinas de 30-40 minutos. Com base nas provas t de student e Wilcoxon se determinaram as diferenças significativas com α=5%. Resultados: a intervenção foi positiva nos escolares ao incrementar-se seus conhecimentos e o consumo de alimentos frescos, tanto no café da manhã como no lanche, em cambio, os resultados entre os manipuladores não derivaram imediatamente para uma melhor disponibilidade alimentaria dentro da escola, senão até que as autoridades da instituição condicionaram a oferta de produtos na lanchonete. Conclusões: através da educação para a saúde e a soma de esforços entre os atores envolvidos na intervenção educativa, contribuiu-se a criar um entorno alimentar escolar saudável. É preciso dar seguimento a estas ações e fazer valer a normativa para reforçar os processos de cambio para melhores práticas alimentares entre os escolares e manipuladores da lanchonete.
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Objective: To recognize compassionate practices and the obstacles to their use by nurse managers in Colombia. Method: This is a mixed cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory, international study with an online survey administered in 17 countries. Data were extracted from Colombia with a sample of 69 nurse managers. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were processed using the Nvivo software and thematic analysis. Results: 90 % women, mainly from a hospital setting (40 %). Compassionate practices in administrative nursing involve four categories: Listening; supporting and recognizing staff individuality; defining compassion practices, needs, and benefits; receiving compassion and complementary views of compassion and administration where the influence of cultural and organizational patterns become obstacles to compassion. Conclusion: For nursing, compassion demonstrates the intentional ability to recognize the singularity of someone else's suffering, understand their needs, offer support, and find solutions based on an understanding of what being human means. These aspects require significant changes at the organizational and health legislation levels to mitigate the obstacles to compassion.
Objetivo: reconocer las prácticas de compasión y sus obstáculos por parte de enfermeras administrativas en Colombia. Método: estudio mixto de tipo transversal, descriptivo, exploratorio e internacional con una encuesta en línea aplicada en 17 países. Fueron extraídos los datos de Colombia con una muestra de 69 enfermeras administrativas. Se analizaron los datos cuantitativos con estadística descriptiva y los datos cualitativos se procesaron con el programa Nvivo y con un análisis temático. Resultados: 90 % mujeres, principalmente del ámbito hospitalario (40 %). La práctica de la compasión en enfermeras administrativas involucra cuatro categorías: escuchar; defender y reconocer la individualidad del personal; definir la práctica de la compasión, las necesidades y las ventajas; recibir compasión y opiniones complementarias de compasión y administración en las cuales la influencia de patrones culturales y organizacionales se presentan como obstáculos a la compasión. Conclusión: la compasión para enfermería demuestra la capacidad intencional de reconocer la singularidad del sufrimiento del otro, comprender sus necesidades, ofrecer soporte y encontrar soluciones desde la comprensión del sentido de lo humano. Estos aspectos requieren cambios significativos a nivel organizacional y de legislación en salud para mitigar los obstáculos con el fin de ofrecer compasión.
Objetivo: reconhecer as práticas de compaixão e seus obstáculos por parte de enfermeiras administradoras na Colômbia. Método: estudo misto de tipo transversal, descritivo, exploratório e internacional, com um questionário on-line aplicado em 17 países. Foram extraídos os dados da Colômbia com uma amostra de 69 enfermeiras administradoras. Foram analisados os dados quantitativos com estatística descritiva e os dados qualitativos foram processados com o programa Nvivo e com uma análise temática. Resultados: 90 % mulheres, principalmente do ambiente hospitalar (40 %). A prática da compaixão em enfermeiras administradoras envolve quatro categorias: escutar, defender e reconhecer a individualidade do pessoal; definir a prática da compaixão, as necessidades e as vantagens; receber compaixão e opiniões complementares de compaixão e administração em que a influência de padrões culturais e organizacionais são apresentados como obstáculos para a compaixão. Conclusões: a compaixão para a enfermagem demonstra a capacidade intencional de reconhecer a singularidade do sofrimento do outro, compreender suas necessidades, oferecer suporte e encontrar soluções a partir da compreensão do sentido do humano. Esses aspectos requerem mudanças significativas no âmbito organizacional e legislativo em saúde para amenizar os obstáculos a fim de oferecer compaixão.
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Empatía , Competencia Cultural , Liderazgo , Enfermeras AdministradorasRESUMEN
Introducción. El término "autopercepción del estado de salud" se refiere a la información brindada por el individuo sobre su estado de salud de acuerdo con sus conocimientos e interpretaciones y, en otras ocasiones, dado por los padres o acudientes. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las percepciones que tienen los padres respecto al estado de salud y el bienestar de sus hijos escolarizados de 15 a 18 años. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo, con la técnica de grupo focal. Con participación de 10 padres de familia de adolescentes escolarizados entre 15 a 18 años de una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Santander. Resultados: Se identificaron 11 categorías y 6 subcategorías. Dentro de las categorías a resaltar se encuentra la tecnología que, según los padres, presenta aspectos positivos y negativos puesto que afecta la salud en dimensiones como los hábitos alimenticios, las relaciones interpersonales, entre otros. Este componente es poco documentado en los estudios que se localizaron. Discusión: En las narrativas se identifican la espiritualidad y la tecnología como aspectos que afectan la salud de manera positiva y negativa coincidiendo con otros autores. Conclusiones: A través de las narrativas de los padres se logra identificar que la salud es multidimensional y que la afectan varios componentes, entre ellos los psicosociales, en especial durante la etapa de adolescencia de sus hijos.
Introduction. The term "self-perception of health status" refers to the information provided by the individual about their state of health according to their knowledge and interpretations and, on other occasions, provided by parents or guardians. The objective of this study is to describe the perceptions that parents have regarding the state of health and wellbeing of their children aged 15 to 18 years who attend school. Methodology. Qualitative study, with the focus group technique. With the participation of 10 parents of adolescents between 15 to 18 years of age who attend a public school in the city of Bucaramanga, Santander. Results. Eleven categories and six subcategories were identified. Among the categories to be highlighted is technology that, according to parents, has positive and negative aspects since it affects health in dimensions such as eating habits, interpersonal relationships, among others. This component is poorly documented in the studies that were located. Discussion: in the narratives, spirituality and technology are identified as aspects that affect health in a positive and negative way, coinciding with other authors. Conclusions. Through the narratives of the parents, it is possible to identify that health is multidimensional and that it is affected by various components, including psychosocial ones, especially during the adolescence stage of their children.
Introdução. O termo "autopercepção do estado de saúde" refere-se às informações fornecidas pelo indivíduo sobre seu estado de saúde de acordo com seus conhecimentos e interpretações e, em outras ocasiões, fornecidas pelos pais ou responsáveis. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a percepção que os pais têm sobre o estado de saúde e bem-estar de seus filhos na idade escolar de 15 a 18 anos. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo, utilizando a técnica de grupo focal. Com a participação de 10 pais de adolescentes escolarizados entre 15 e 18 anos de uma instituição de ensino pública na cidade de Bucaramanga, Santander. Resultados. Foram identificadas 11 categorias e 6 subcategorias. Entre as categorias a serem destacadas está a tecnologia que, segundo os pais, apresenta aspectos positivos e negativos, pois afeta a saúde em dimensões como hábitos alimentares, relacionamento interpessoal, entre outras. Este componente está pouco documentado nos estudos localizados. Discussão. Nas narrativas, espiritualidade e tecnologia são identificados como aspectos que afetam a saúde de forma positiva e negativa, coincidindo com outros autores. Conclusões. Por meio das narrativas dos pais, é possível identificar que a saúde é multidimensional e é afetada por diversos componentes, inclusive psicossociais, principalmente na fase da adolescência dos filhos.
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Calidad de Vida , Percepción , Condiciones Sociales , Salud , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Objetivo: estimar parámetros de calidad y de costos en el procedimiento de inserción de Catéter Venoso Central y el Catéter Venoso Central de inserción periférica. Metodología: Se evaluaron las historias de niños (edad 31 días -15 años ), que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario del Valle, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014, que requirieron canalización de una vena central. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, de calidad y se estimaron costos de ambos procedimientos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 100 procedimientos de inserción Central y 100 de inserción periférica, los últimos tuvieron menor tiempo de espera, se realizaron en la habitación, no requirieron ayuno, ni traslado al quirófano, a un menor costo, lo cual impactó la oportunidad de administración de tratamiento farmacológico, la evolución y la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Se recomienda que el procedimiento de inserción periférica sea la primera elección en niños que requieran tratamientos endovenosos mayores a cinco días, para esto es necesario conformar un grupo que supervise el funcionamiento de los catéteres y brinde educación continua al personal de salud de los servicios de hospitalización y a familiares, contar con una sala de procedimiento para la inserción del PICC que brinde seguridad y adecuado manejo del dolor.
Aim: to estimate quality and cost parameters of central venous catheter insertion peripheral and central venous catheter procedures. Methods: we reviewed records of 200 children (31 days - years old), hospitalised at a University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 who required central vein access. We assessed demographic, quality variables and cost of both procedures. Results: we reviewed records of 100 central insertion and 100 peripheral insertion procedures. Peripheral insertions had less waiting time, were conducted next to the child's bed, without need for fasting or transfering to the operating room, at a lower cost, all of these ensured timely administration of medicaments and nutrition, which resulted in lower stance time. The peripheral insertion also freed surgeon and operating room time to perform other interventions. Conclusions: We recommend that peripheral insertion procedure should be the first choice in children requiring intravenous treatments longer than five days. In order to establish a periferal insertion procedure in a hospital, a team is required to follow-up the patients and provide continuing education to health personnel in services and to family members, there is also a need for an appropiate space for insertion procedures and pain management.
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Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Colombia , Centros de Día/economía , Catéteres , Catéteres/estadística & datos numéricos , Catéteres Venosos CentralesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Palliative care (PC) for patients with malignant hematological diseases is scarcely documented, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to document PC provided to patients with hematologic malignancies. METHODS: Bidirectional study conducted from July 2016 to June 2019 at the hematology and palliative care departments at a reference center in Northeast Mexico for low-income open population uninsured patients. Clinical records and electronic files of patients with malignant hematological diseases of both sexes and all ages attending an academic hematology center were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS version 22 program. Acute and chronic leukemias, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and others were included. RESULTS: Five-hundred ten patients were studied, of which 148 (29%) died. Eighty-one (15.88%) patients including 31 (20.9%) who died received PC. Median age at palliative diagnosis was 42 (2-91) years. The most common symptom was pain (69.7%). The most frequent reason for palliative referral was treatment-refractory disease (39%). During the last week of life, 19 (95%) of 20 patients had blood sampling; 17 (85%) received antibiotics; 16 (80%) had a urinalysis performed; 16 (80%) received analgesia, including paracetamol (11, 35.5%) and buprenorphine (7, 22.6%); 10 (50%) received blood products; 9 (45%) were intubated; and central venous catheters were inserted in 5 (25%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care was provided to a minority of patients with hematologic malignancies and considerable improvement is required in its timely use and extension.
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Países en Desarrollo , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiología , Cuidados Paliativos/organización & administración , Cuidado Terminal/organización & administración , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pacientes no Asegurados , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Paliativos/normas , Cuidados Paliativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cuidado Terminal/normas , Cuidado Terminal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Frailty is highly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Aging, CVD, and DM are all associated with an increase in platelet function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate platelet function during frailty. We selected a total of 37 older adults who were divided into two groups, frail (nâ¯=â¯16) and robust (nâ¯=â¯21), with a mean age of 72.4 ± 4.4 years (range: 65-84 years) in robust adults and 72.6 ± 6.6 years (range: 65-88 years) in frail adults; 20 young healthy volunteers, with a mean age of 22.9 ± 2.7 years (range: 20-30 years), were included as a control platelet function was determined using the lumi-aggregometer (aggregation) and flow cytometry (platelet activation). We also performed Western blot to evaluate the intraplatelet activation pathways involved in activation. Platelet count decreased and mean platelet volume, aggregation, and P-selectin expression increased during aging compared with young adults was found. We observed an increase in P-selectin expression in frail adults compared with robust adults. We also evaluated the characteristics of the study population to explain this difference and found a higher prevalence of DM and a tendency toward hyperglycemia in frail adults compared with robust adults. In agreement with this, high doses of glucose were able to increase platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression through thrombin receptors and p38 phosphorylation.
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Envejecimiento/sangre , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Fragilidad/sangre , Selectina-P/sangre , Agregación Plaquetaria , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Plaquetas/patología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/patología , Diabetes Mellitus/patología , Femenino , Fragilidad/patología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Volúmen Plaquetario Medio , Pruebas de Función PlaquetariaRESUMEN
Indeterminate root growth depends on the stem cell niche (SCN) and root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance whose regulation permits plasticity in root system formation. Using a forward genetics approach, we isolated the moots koom1 ('short root' in Mayan) mutant that shows complete primary RAM exhaustion and abolished SCN activity. We identified that this phenotype is caused by a point mutation in the METHIONINE OVERACCUMULATOR2 (MTO2) gene that encodes THREONINE SYNTHASE1 and renamed the mutant as mto2-2. The amino acid profile showed drastic changes, most notorious of which was accumulation of methionine. In non-allelic mto1-1 (Arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine gamma-synthetase1) and mto3-1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) mutants, both with an increased methionine level, the RAM size was similar to that of the wild type, suggesting that methionine overaccumulation itself did not cause RAM exhaustion in mto2 mutants. When mto2-2 RAM is not yet completely exhausted, exogenous threonine induced de novo SCN establishment and root growth recovery. The threonine-dependent RAM re-establishment in mto2-2 suggests that threonine is a limiting factor for RAM maintenance. In the root, MTO2 was predominantly expressed in the RAM. The essential role of threonine in mouse embryonic stem cells and in RAM maintenance suggests that common regulatory mechanisms may operate in plant and animal SCN maintenance.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Meristema/citología , Meristema/metabolismo , Nicho de Células Madre/fisiología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/fisiología , Mutación/genética , Semillas/citología , Semillas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivos Explorar barreras y facilitadores para contar con atención prenatal, conocimientos sobre embarazo saludable y; actitudes frente al embarazo. Métodos Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, en embarazadas con vulnerabilidad socio-económica. Se examinaron barreras y facilitadores para recibir atención prenatal y entrevistas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas para evaluar conocimientos y actitudes frente al embarazo. En el análisis cualitativo se categorizaron datos y en el cuantitativo, se estimaron frecuencias y proporciones y promedio y D.E. Resultados Se entrevistaron 10 mujeres entre 18 y 33 años de edad, 50% acudieron al cuidado prenatal durante el primer trimestre. Los facilitadores para atención prenatal: roles en la pareja y apoyo familiar. Las barreras: entorno inseguro, al interior y el exterior del hogar y falta de recursos para transportarse. La mayoría no recibió información para aumentar de peso durante el embarazo. Casi ninguna conocía sobre depresión ni maltrato. La mitad desconocía riesgos del tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias adictivas, así como de prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas. Las actitudes en torno al embarazo: con estresores de su entorno; viven en ambientes caóticos; con miedos por el embarazo; e interés por adquirir conocimientos sobre su embarazo. Conclusión Las mujeres tienen disposición para adquirir conocimientos sobre el embarazo y cuentan con apoyo familiar y de pareja. Su atención debe fortalecer temas de salud mental, violencia familiar, ganancia saludable de peso, riesgos de sustancias adictivas y prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas; contemplando afronta-miento de entornos inseguros, manejo del tiempo y de la economía familiar.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the barriers and facilitators to prenatal care, as well as the knowledge about healthy pregnancy and the attitude towards pregnancy. Materials and Methods Mixed-methods study in pregnant women with social and economic vulnerability. Barriers and facilitators for prenatal care were examined using ethnographic methods, while structured and semi-structured interviews were used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Data were categorized during the qualitative analysis, and frequencies, ratios, average and standard deviation were calculated in the quantitative analysis. Results Ten women aged between 18 and 33 years were interviewed; 50% sought prenatal care during their first trimester. Facilitators included partner role and family support, and barriers were unsafe neighborhood and home, and lack of funds to cover transportation to the clinic. Most women did not receive information related to weight gain. Almost none knew about depression or abuse. Half of them did not know about risks of addictive substances, nor did they know about prevention of infectious diseases. Finally, attitudes towards pregnancy were: environmental stressors; chaotic homes; fears about pregnancy; and interest in knowing more about pregnancy. Conclusion The interviewed women were open to learn about their pregnancy and they have family and spouse support. Prenatal care should be strengthened with topics related to mental health, domestic abuse, healthy weight gain, risk of addictive substances, and prevention of infectious diseases. They can be enhanced by including safety in unsafe areas, as well as techniques for better time and family economy management.(AU)
RESUMO: Objetivos Explorar barreiras e facilitadores para ter atendimento pré-natal, conhecimento sobre gravidez saudável e; atitudes em relação à gravidez. Métodos Estudo qualitativo-quantitativo em gestantes com vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Barreiras e facilitadores para o atendimento pré-natal e entrevistas estruturadas e semiestruturadas foram examinadas para avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes em relação à gravidez. Na análise qualitativa, os dados foram categorizados e, na quantitativa, foram estimadas frequências e proporções e média e DP. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 10 mulheres entre 18 e 33 anos de idade, 50% realizaram pré-natal durante o primeiro trimestre. Facilitadores do pré-natal: papéis no casal e apoio familiar. Barreiras: ambiente inseguro, dentro e fora de casa e falta de recursos para o transporte. A maioria não recebeu informações para ganhar peso durante a gravidez. Quase ninguém sabia sobre depressão ou abuso. Metade desconhecia os riscos do tabaco, álcool e outras substâncias viciantes, bem como a prevenção de doenças infecciosas e contagiosas. Atitudes em torno da gravidez: com estressores em seu ambiente; eles vivem em ambientes caóticos; com medos de gravidez; e interesse em aprender sobre sua gravidez. Conclusão As mulheres estão dispostas a adquirir conhecimento sobre a gravidez e ter apoio da família e do parceiro. Sua atenção deve fortalecer questões de saúde mental, violência familiar, ganho de peso saudável, riscos de substâncias viciantes e prevenção de doenças infecto-contagiosas; contemplando lidar com ambientes inseguros, gerenciamento de tempo e finanças familiares.(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/organización & administración , Salud Materno-Infantil , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudio ObservacionalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To explore the barriers and facilitators to prenatal care, as well as the knowledge about healthy pregnancy and the attitude towards pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mixed-methods study in pregnant women with social and economic vulnerability. Barriers and facilitators for prenatal care were examined using ethnographic methods, while structured and semi-structured interviews were used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Data were categorized during the qualitative analysis, and frequencies, ratios, average and standard deviation were calculated in the quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Ten women aged between 18 and 33 years were interviewed; 50% sought prenatal care during their first trimester. Facilitators included partner role and family support, and barriers were unsafe neighborhood and home, and lack of funds to cover transportation to the clinic. Most women did not receive information related to weight gain. Almost none knew about depression or abuse. Half of them did not know about risks of addictive substances, nor did they know about prevention of infectious diseases. Finally, attitudes towards pregnancy were: environmental stressors; chaotic homes; fears about pregnancy; and interest in knowing more about pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The interviewed women were open to learn about their pregnancy and they have family and spouse support. Prenatal care should be strengthened with topics related to mental health, domestic abuse, healthy weight gain, risk of addictive substances, and prevention of infectious diseases. They can be enhanced by including safety in unsafe areas, as well as techniques for better time and family economy management.
OBJETIVOS: Explorar barreras y facilitadores para contar con atención prenatal, conocimientos sobre embarazo saludable y; actitudes frente al embarazo. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, en embarazadas con vulnerabilidad socio-económica. Se examinaron barreras y facilitadores para recibir atención prenatal y entrevistas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas para evaluar conocimientos y actitudes frente al embarazo. En el análisis cualitativo se categorizaron datos y en el cuantitativo, se estimaron frecuencias y proporciones y promedio y D.E. RESULTADOS: Se entrevistaron 10 mujeres entre 18 y 33 años de edad, 50% acudieron al cuidado prenatal durante el primer trimestre. Los facilitadores para atención prenatal: roles en la pareja y apoyo familiar. Las barreras: entorno inseguro, al interior y el exterior del hogar y falta de recursos para transportarse. La mayoría no recibió información para aumentar de peso durante el embarazo. Casi ninguna conocía sobre depresión ni maltrato. La mitad desconocía riesgos del tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias adictivas, así como de prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas. Las actitudes en torno al embarazo: con estresores de su entorno; viven en ambientes caóticos; con miedos por el embarazo; e interés por adquirir conocimientos sobre su embarazo. CONCLUSIÓN: Las mujeres tienen disposición para adquirir conocimientos sobre el embarazo y cuentan con apoyo familiar y de pareja. Su atención debe fortalecer temas de salud mental, violencia familiar, ganancia saludable de peso, riesgos de sustancias adictivas y prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas; contemplando afronta-miento de entornos inseguros, manejo del tiempo y de la economía familiar.
RESUMEN
Cereals such as maize, rice, wheat and sorghum are the most important crops for human nutrition. Like other plants, cereals associate with diverse bacteria (including nitrogen-fixing bacteria called diazotrophs) and fungi. As large amounts of chemical fertilizers are used in cereals, it has always been desirable to promote biological nitrogen fixation in such crops. The quest for nitrogen fixation in cereals started long ago with the isolation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from different plants. The sources of diazotrophs in cereals may be seeds, soils, and even irrigation water and diazotrophs have been found on roots or as endophytes. Recently, culture-independent molecular approaches have revealed that some rhizobia are found in cereal plants and that bacterial nitrogenase genes are expressed in plants. Since the levels of nitrogen-fixation attained with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in cereals are not high enough to support the plant's needs and never as good as those obtained with chemical fertilizers or with rhizobium in symbiosis with legumes, it has been the aim of different studies to increase nitrogen-fixation in cereals. In many cases, these efforts have not been successful. However, new diazotroph mutants with enhanced capabilities to excrete ammonium are being successfully used to promote plant growth as commensal bacteria. In addition, there are ambitious projects supported by different funding agencies that are trying to genetically modify maize and other cereals to enhance diazotroph colonization or to fix nitrogen or to form nodules with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic rhizobia.
RESUMEN
Introducción: Dentro de las medidas de resultado de la salud se encuentran los cuestionarios de salud percibida, dirigidos a población de niños y jóvenes, que permiten valorar las percepciones desde los mismos sujetos y sus padres, acudientes o proxy. Es el caso del Health-related quality of life for instrument children and adolescents KIDSCREEN52 versión proxy. Objetivo: Validar lingüísticamente el instrumento KIDSCREEN-52 proxy en padres con niños y adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia. Metodología: Se utilizó la metodología de traducción directa e inversa, constó de tres etapas: a) acuerdo del grupo investigador con autores originales del test; b) traducción directa con la participación de dos personas licenciadas en idiomas; c) entrevistas grupales a 72 padres o acudientes de niños(as) y adolescentes escolarizados de 8 a 18 años, de instituciones educativas públicas y privadas de dos ciudades colombianas de los seis estratos socioeconómicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron cambios sintácticos en la introducción del cuestionario, cambios semánticos en preguntas sociodemográficas y antropométricas. Respecto al grado de dificultad en la comprensión del ítem, valorada por los padres o acudientes (siendo 1 sin dificultad, y 5 mayor dificultad en la comprensión), se identificó que; en general, el promedio valorado con 1 de dificultad en la comprensión fue de 96.05%, ningún ítem fue valorado con el máximo de grado de dificultad. Discusión: La dimensión que presentó mayor grado de dificultad correspondió a los ítems de la dimensión de recursos económicos en especial en los niños más pequeños; estas situaciones refieren los padres, se debe a que usualmente no manejan dinero, aspectos identificados en las observaciones de los pares o acudientes durante las entrevistas cognoscitivas...
Introduction: Among the health outcomes measures are the questionnaires of perceived health aimed at children and young people that allow assessing perceptions from the same subjects and their parents, guardians or proxy. It is the case of the Health-related quality of life for instrument children and adolescents KIDSCREEN52 proxy version. Objective: To validate, linguistically, the proxy KIDSCREEN-52 instrument in parents with school children and adolescents from Colombia. Methodology: The direct and inverse translation method was used which consisted of three stages: a) agreement with the research group and the original authors of the test b) direct translation with the participation of two people with a degree in languages, c) group interviews to 72 parents or guardians of school children and adolescents from 8 to 18 years of public and private educational institutions from two Colombian cities and, from the six socioeconomic strata. Outcomes: Syntactical changes were included in the introduction of the questionnaire, semantic changes in the demographic and anthropometric questions. Regarding the degree of difficulty in understanding the item valued by parents or guardians (being 1 without difficulty, and 5 with more difficulty in understanding), it was identified that, in general, the average valued with 1 of difficulty in understanding was 96.05%, no item was valued with the maximum degree of difficulty. The dimension that had the highest degree of difficulty, corresponded to the items of the financial resources scale, particularly in younger children; this aspect refers to parents that usually do not administer money, issues identified in the observations of peers or guardians during cognitive interviews...
Introdução: Entre os resultados de questionários sobre a saúdeestão os questionários de saúdepercebido e destinados a crianças e jovens que permitemavaliar a perceção dos mesmossujeitos e seuspais, tutores ou proxy. Este é o caso do Health-related quality of life for instrument childrenand adolescents KIDSCREEN52 proxy eversões. Objetivo: Validar linguisticamente o instrumento proxy KIDSCREEN-52 compais de crianças e adolescentes estudantes na Colômbia. Metodologia: A metodologia de traduçãodireta e inversa foi usada, consistiaemtrês fases: a) o grupo de pesquisa fezacordocomcom os autores originais do teste, b) traduçãofoidiretacom a participação de duaspessoas licenciadas emlínguas, c) entrevistas em grupo a 72 paisouresponsáveis das crianças e adolescentes escolares de 8-18 anos, de instituições de ensino públicas e privadas de duascidades colombianas e dos seis estratos socioeconómicos. Resultado: Foramfeitasalteraçõessintáticas na introdução do questionário, as mudançassemânticasemquestões demográficas e antropométricas. Emrelaçãoaograu de dificuldade na compreensão do item, reconhecida pelos paisouresponsáveis (sendo 1 semdificuldade, e cinco a de maiordificuldade de entendimento), identificouse que, geralmente, a médiaavaliadacom 1 de dificuldade no entendimentofoi 96,05%, nenhumitemfoiavaliadocom o grau máximo de dificuldade. A dimensão que teveummaiorgrau de dificuldadecorrespondiaaositens da escala de recursos financeiros, especialmente nascriançasmaispequenas. Esta situaçãomostra que os país ouresponsáveis, geralmentenãotêm o dinheiro; istofoi observado e identificado durante as entrevistas cognitivas...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Protección a la Infancia , Calidad de Vida , Estudio de Validación , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Salud del AdolescenteRESUMEN
El incremento de la población adulta mayor y de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles aumenta la demanda de cuidados permanentes que recaen en las mujeres. El reconocimiento de las caracteristicas sociodemográficas permite identificar la situación que viven los cuidadores. Objetivo: Caracterizar los cuidadores familiares de la persona mayor en situación de dependencia, para contribuir al desarrollo de programas adaptables a las necesidades de los cuidadores. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo cuantitativo de corte transversal entre agosto de 2010 a marzo 2011. La recolección de información mediante entrevista domiciliaria, con cuestionario de caracterización socio demográfica. La muestra intencional de 91 cuidadores. Para el analisis estadístico se empleó programa SPSS versian 15. Resultados: Se evidenciaron cuidadores familiares en un rango de edad de 36 a 59 a±os (53%), la mayoría mujeres 81%, con niveles de escolaridad de primaria o bachillerato incompleto 45%, casados(as) 36%, con dedicación completa al hogar 53%, afiliados al rÚgimen subsidiado o del Estado 87%; el rol de cuidador familiar lo han ejercido por más de 37 meses (87%), con una dedicación diaria de 24 horas (54%) y la mayoría es cuidado por el hijo(a). Estos cuidadores no poseen herramientas suficientes para enfrentar las situaciones negativas derivadas del cuidado de la persona mayor. Conclusiones: Características como la edad, nivel de educación, tiempo de dedicación al cuidado, la red de apoyo, la ocupación y la situación socioeconómica hacen inminente la búsqueda de alternativas para los cuidadores que no cuentan con recursos para acceder a niveles óptimos de información; estos resultados permiten a diferentes sectores ejecutar acciones, generar programas de acuerdo con necesidades identificadas que impacten sobre la calidad de vida de los cuidadores; la normativa existente del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud ofrece apoyo mÝnimo a los cuidadores.
Introduction: A rise in the elderly population and also in the Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) has increased the demand of women providing permanent care. The recognition of socio-demographic characteristics allows to identify the situation caregivers go through. Objective: To identify special characteristics of family caregivers of dependent elderly people in order to contribute to the development of programs that provide assistance. Method: A quantitative cross sectional descriptive design from August 2010 to March 2011. Data collection was done through a face to face interview using the socio-demographic characterization survey. There was a practical sample with 91 caregivers. The SPSS version 15 statistics program was used to analyze the data. Results: It was learned that family caregiversÆ age ranged from 36 to 59, and that 81% of them were women who attended only elementary school or did not finish high school 45%. 36% of them were married, 53% of them stayed home, and 87% of them had health insurance. Most of the caregivers were children taking care of parents who have done this job 24/7 for more than 37 months (87%). These caregivers do not have enough tools to face negative situations that could result when taking care of elderly people. Conclusions: Characteristics such as age, education level, time dedicated to the care, support network, occupation, and socioeconomic status make necessary the search for alternatives for caregivers who do not have resources to access to optimal levels of information. These results allow different sectors to implement actions and generate programs according to the needs that impact on the quality of life for caregivers. The existing regulations of the General Health System provide minimal support for caregivers.
O aumento da população idosa e das doenças crónicas não transmissiveis tem aumentado a procura de cuidados permanentes realizados por mulheres. O reconhecimento das características sociodemograficas permite identificar a situação vivida pelas cuidadoras. Objetivo: Caracterizar os familiares cuidadores das pessoas idosas em situação de dependência, para ajudar a desenvolver programas adaptáveis Ós necessidades das pessoas cuidadoras. Metodologia: Elaboração de um projeto quantitativo, descritivo e transversal de agosto de 2010 a marþo de 2011. A informação foi adquirida através de entrevistas domiciliares e das respostas ao questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica. A amostra intencional foi de 91 cuidadores. Para a análise estatistica utilizou-se o programa SPSS em sua versão 15. Resultados: Foi evidente a faixa etária das pessoas familiares cuidadoras entre os 36 e 59 anos (53%); na sua maioria são mulheres (81%), com níveis de escolaridade fundamental ou ensino médio incompleto (45%), casados (36%), com total dedicação ao lar (53%), afiliadas ao seguro social subsidiado ou do Estado (87%). O trabalho de familiares cuidadores tem sido exercido por mais de 37 meses (87%); com uma dedicao dißria de 24 horas (54%) e a maioria í cuidado pelo filho (a). Estes cuidadores não têm os conhecimentos suficientes para lidar com situações negativas decorrentes da assistência as pessoas idosas...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidadores/educación , Dependencia Psicológica , Enfermedad Crónica , Factores Socioeconómicos , Factores Sociológicos , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normasRESUMEN
Roots have both indeterminate and determinate developmental programs. The latter is preceded by the former. It is not well understood how the indeterminacy-to-determinacy switch (IDS) is regulated. We isolated a moots koom2 (mko2; 'short root' in Mayan) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with determinate primary root growth and analyzed the root apical meristem (RAM) behavior using various marker lines. Deep sequencing and genetic and pharmacological complementation permitted the identification of a point mutation in the FOLYLPOLYGLUTAMATE SYNTHETASE1 (FPGS1) gene responsible for the mko2 phenotype. Wild-type FPGS1 is required to maintain the IDS in the 'off' state. When FPGS1 function is compromised, the IDS is turned on and the RAM becomes completely consumed. The polyglutamate-dependent pathway of the IDS involves activation of the quiescent center independently of auxin gradients and regulatory modules participating in RAM maintenance (WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5), PLETHORA, and SCARECROW (SCR)). The mko2 mutation causes drastic changes in folate metabolism and also affects lateral root primordium morphogenesis but not initiation. We identified a metabolism-dependent pathway involved in the IDS in roots. We suggest that the root IDS represents a specific developmental pathway that regulates RAM behaviour and is a different level of regulation in addition to RAM maintenance.
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Arabidopsis/genética , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Péptido Sintasas/genética , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Meristema/citología , Meristema/genética , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meristema/metabolismo , Péptido Sintasas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/citología , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Mutación Puntual , Transducción de Señal , Nicho de Células MadreRESUMEN
Las oportunidades conocidas de intervenciones tempranas en los accidentes cardiocerebrovasculares (ACV) desde el punto de vista médico y de rehabilitación hacen necesario avanzar en la formulación de indicadores del desempeño clínico en el manejo fisioterapéutico hospitalario de una persona con ACV. Objetivo: identificar los indicadores de desempeño clínico fisioterapéutico en el manejo hospitalario temprano de personas sobrevivientes de ACV. Materiales y métodos: se trata de un estudio exploratorio descriptivo que indaga sobre las pruebas y prácticas fisioterapéuticas existentes, la evidencia científica sobre indicadores clínicos en ACV, los indicadores estándar y los posibles indicadores clínicos en el escenario. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de estudios descriptivos, guías de práctica clínica, revisiones sistemáticas, estudio de casos clínicos basados en la evidencia en bases de datos como Pubmed, Proquest, Pedro y en revistas electrónicas, además del análisis de datos epidemiológicos de la prevalencia del ACV en Colombia y en Chile, en páginas web de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud y Departamento Administrativo Nacional de cada país. Resultados: la evidencia señala que la rehabilitación temprana del ACV debe iniciarse durante la hospitalización, tan pronto como el diagnóstico se establezca y los problemas que ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente estén controlados. Las prioridades en la intervención fisioterapéutica en ACV son prevenir las complicaciones (trombosis venosa, infecciones y dolor) y facilitar la movilización temprana. Actualizaciones recientes de estas directrices incluyen la rehabilitación temprana, en particular la movilidad luego de las veinticuatro horas posteriores al ACV. Las pruebas que sustentan los indicadores de desempeño en rehabilitación para la atención en la etapa subaguda del ACV son escasas. Conclusiones: se hace notoria la importancia de la atención temprana fisioterapéutica en el proceso agudo del paciente con ACV, puesto que la evidencia disponible resalta un mejor pronóstico para pacientes que son intervenidos por el área dentro de las primeras veinticuatro horas posteriores al evento y la importancia de los indicadores de atención del paciente, como la calidad y el tiempo de atención, la periodicidad y el aprovechamiento de la intervención dentro de la ventana temporal aguda de recuperación del paciente.
The known early intervention opportunities in cerebrovascular events (CVE), not only from the medical point of view but from rehabilitation, create the necessity of moving forward in the formulation of clinical performance indicators in the hospitalary physiotherapeutic management of a person with a CVE. Objective: to identify the physiotherapeutic clinical performance indicators in the early hospitalary management of people surviving CVE. Materials and methods: this is about a descriptive exploratory study investigating about the existing physiotherapeutic tests and practices, the scientific evidence about clinical indicators in CVE, the standard indicators and the possible clinical indicators in this setting. We conducted systematic review of descriptive studies, clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, clinical case study in evidence-based databases such as Pubmed, Proquest, Peter and electronic journals, plus analysis of data epidemiological prevalence of stroke in Colombia and Chile, on websites of the World Health Organization, Ministry of Health and National Bureau of each country respectively. Results: the evidence points out that early rehabilitation of CVE should be initiated during hospitalization, as soon as the diagnosis is made and the life threatening issues are controlled. Priorities in the CVE therapeutic interventions are to prevent: complications (venous thrombosis, infections and pain) and to facilitate the early mobilization. The latest updates to these directives include early rehabilitation, particularly mobilization within 24 hours after the CVE occurrence. Proves supporting performance indicators in rehabilitation for the assistance in the sub-acute stage of CVE are limited. Conclusions: it is evident the importance of early intervention physical therapy in the acute process of patients with stroke as the evidence stands a better prognosis for patients who are operated on by the area within the first 24 hours after the event and the importance of patient care indicators such as quality of care, attention span, timing and use of intervention within the time window acute recovery.
As oportunidades conhecidas de intervenções precoces nos acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) desde o ponto de vista médico e de reabilitação fazem necessário avançar na formulação de indicadores do desempenho clínico na gestão fisioterápica hospitalar de uma pessoa com AVC. Objetivo: identificar os indicadores de desempenho clínico fisioterápico na gestão hospitalar precoce de pessoas sobreviventes de AVC. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo que indaga sobre as provas e práticas fisioterápicas existentes, a evidência científica sobre indicadores clínicos em AVC, os indicadores standard e os possíveis indicadores clínicos no cenário. Levou-se a cabo uma revisão sistemática de estudos descritivos, guias de prática clínica, revisões sistemáticas, estudo de casos clínicos baseados na evidência em bases de dados como Pubmed, Proquest, Pedro e m revistas eletrônicas, além da análise de dados epidemiológicos da prevalência dos AVC na Colômbia e no Chile, nos sites da Organização Mundial da Saúde, Ministério de Saúde e Departamento Administrativo Nacional de cada país. Resultados: a evidência assinala que a reabilitação precoce do AVC deve se iniciar durante a hospitalização, tão logo o diagnóstico se estabeleça e os problemas que põem em risco a vida do paciente estejam controlados. As prioridades na intervenção fisioterápica em AVC são prevenir as complicações (trombose venosa, infecções e dor) e facilitar a mobilização precoce. Atualizações recientes destas diretrizes incluem a reabilitação precoce, particularmente a mobilidade depois das vinte quatro horas posteriores ao AVC. As provas que sustentam os indicadores de desempenho em reabilitação para a atenção na etapa subaguda do AVC são escassas. Conclusões: se faz notória a importância da atenção precoce fisioterápica no processo agudo do paciente com AVC, porquanto a evidência disponível resalta um melhor prognóstico para pacientes que são intervencionados pela área dentro das primeiras vinte quatro horas posteriores ao evento e a importância dos indicadores de atenção do paciente, como a qualidade e o tempo de atenção, a periodicidade e o aproveitamento da intervenção dentro da janela temporal aguda de recuperação do paciente.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Eficiencia , Indicadores (Estadística) , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
Se destaca el conocimiento popular de "herbolarios, hierberos, yerberos o yerbateros" sobre las plantas medicinales utilizadas en mercados de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara (zmg), en comparación con estudios fitoquímicos. Se rescatan datos sobre la práctica médica herbolaria con técnicas de antropología cognitiva. Las especies más utilizadas son: árnica, cuachalalate, tila, gordolobo, salvia, cola de caballo y boldo. Los resultados demuestran que existe consenso sobre las plantas medicinales que se usan, su efectividad y la conveniencia económica en contraste con las medicinas de patente. Se enfatiza la importancia de la comprensión del uso y significado de la enfermedad, y de la adquisición del conocimiento a través de generaciones por parte de los hierberos como un patrón de conocimiento cultural.
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Fitoquímicos , Plantas Medicinales , Productos Vegetales , Características Culturales , México , FitoterapiaRESUMEN
An indeterminate developmental program allows plant organs to grow continuously by maintaining functional meristems over time. The molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the root apical meristem are not completely understood. We have identified a new Arabidopsis thaliana mutant named moots koom 1 (mko1) that showed complete root apical meristem exhaustion of the primary root by 9 days post-germination. MKO1 is essential for maintenance of root cell proliferation. In the mutant, cell division is uncoupled from cell growth in the region corresponding to the root apical meristem. We established the sequence of cellular events that lead to meristem exhaustion in this mutant. Interestingly, the SCR and WOX5 promoters were active in the mko1 quiescent center at all developmental stages. However, during meristem exhaustion, the mutant root tip showed defects in starch accumulation in the columella and changes in auxin response pattern. Therefore, contrary to many described mutants, the determinate growth in mko1 seedlings does not appear to be a consequence of incorrect establishment or affected maintenance of the quiescent center but rather of cell proliferation defects both in stem cell niche and in the rest of the apical meristem. Our results support a model whereby the MKO1 gene plays an important role in the maintenance of the root apical meristem proliferative capacity and indeterminate root growth, which apparently acts independently of the SCR/SHR and WOX5 regulatory pathways.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacología , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , División Celular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Germinación , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Meristema/citología , Meristema/efectos de los fármacos , Meristema/genética , Mutación , Fenotipo , Raíces de Plantas/citología , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/genética , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Nicho de Células Madre , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Este estudio se realizó teniendo en cuenta la investigación metodológica, el objetivo fue medir la confiabilidad del instrumento "Habilidad de cuidado de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica" de Barrera. Se aplicó un instrumento en forma guiada, con escala tipo likert, con 55 items a 110 cuidadores de personas mayores de la Localidad de Usaquén de Bogotá. La mayoría de los cuidadores familiares investigados fueron mujeres, en un rango de edad de 36-59 años, con un nivel educativo bajo, de estrato socioeconómico 2, con estados civiles frecuentes de unión libre y casados, dedicados a las labores del hogar, las cuales llevaban más de 37 meses dedicados a la labor de cuidado, en promedio dedican 24 horas diarias al cuidado de la persona con enfermedad crónica. La confiabilidad del instrumento se midió a través de la consistencia interna la cual mostró un coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0.683 para el instrumento total. Este valor fue más bajo que el que de la versión original del instrumento (0,77), teniendo en cuenta que es un instrumento nuevo, puede considerarse un estadio aceptable como proceso inicial. Los resultados por dimensiones muestran la dimensión de relacion de (0.43), comprensión (0,712), modificación de estilos de vida, (0,287). El instrumento valora la habilidad de cuidado de los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica, se sugiere continuar el proceso psicométrico de confiabilidad, evaluar el comportamiento de los ítems identificados con alguna dificultad en la comprensión, analizar la correlación ítem- escala y dimensión, para adaptar el instrumento. Palabras claves: confiabilidad, consistencia interna, habilidad de cuidado, enfermedad crónica, cuidadores familiares.
This study was performed taking into account the methodological research design, the objective was to measure the reliability of the instrument "Ability to care family caregivers people with chronic disease" by Barrera. An instrument in guided form, with a scale likert-type, with 55 items was applied to 110 caregivers of older people in the locality of Usaquén in Bogotá District Capital. Most family caregivers were women investigated, in a range of age 36-59 years, with a low educational level, socioeconomic status 2, the most common the marital status frequently were trial marriage and married, their dedication were housework, was carried over 37 months the dedication to this work, on average 24 hours a day dedicated to the care of people with chronic disease. The reliability of the instrument was measured through internal consistency which showed a Cronbach Alpha Coefficient of 0.683 for the total instrument. This value was slightly lower than the original version of the instrument (0.77), taking into account that it is a new instrument, it can be considered acceptable as the initial process stage. The results show the dimension relationship (0,43) comprehension (0,712), changing of lifestyles, (0.287). The instrument assesses the ability to care of the carers of people with chronic disease, it is suggested to continue the psychometric process of reliability, to assess the performance of the items identified with some difficulty in understanding, to analyze the item-scale correlation and dimension, to adapt the instrument.