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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The storage temperature of immunohaematological reagents generally ranges from 2 to 8°C, and they should be utilised at room temperature. This study aimed to analyse the stability of immunohaematological reagents used in ABO and RhD typing. METHODS: The evaluation encompassed the potency, specificity, and integrity of anti-A, anti-B, anti-D, RhD control sera, and A1 and B red blood cells (RBC) reagents after long (8 h) and short (4 h) daily periods of exposure to room temperature (20-24°C), 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Additionally, the A1 and B RBC reagents were exposed daily for 11 h and 30 min at room temperature, including 30 more minutes at room temperature with simultaneous homogenisation through equipment. For the control, an aliquot of each reagent was constantly stored at refrigeration temperature, while another was exposed to room temperature for 12 h daily. Tests conducted included reaction intensity, titration, and avidity for antisera, reaction intensity, free haemoglobin determination, and electrical conductivity for the RBC reagents. RESULTS: The antisera maintained the reaction intensity. The titre and avidity of the antisera satisfied the minimum Brazilian requirements after different exposure periods. A higher free haemoglobin concentration was noted in the RBC reagents subjected to room temperature and simultaneous homogenisation, although this did not affect the potency and specificity. The electrical conductivity average of the RBC reagent remained consistent. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the immunohaematological reagents from a specific manufacturer are stable under the tested temperature, ensuring the quality of the results under these conditions.
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Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO , Tipificación y Pruebas Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Humanos , Tipificación y Pruebas Cruzadas Sanguíneas/métodos , Indicadores y Reactivos , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr , Temperatura , Eritrocitos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Contextualização: Frente aos desafios impostos pela pandemia da COVID-19, a Telessaúde se destaca por possibilitar a continuidade do cuidado a distância. Processo de Intervenção: Trata- se de uma Análise da Prática, com o objetivo de relatar intervenções clínicas da Terapia Ocupacional em Intervenção Precoce, através da teleconsulta e do telemonitoramento, com crianças e seus pais/cuidadores (as). Análise crítica da prática: O estudo aponta a Telessaúde como uma importante ferramenta para terapeutas ocupacionais que trabalham com Intervenção Precoce, destacando as potencialidades para o apoio do desenvolvimento infantil, bem como as dificuldades dessa modalidade. Síntese das considerações: A prática considera a continuidade da utilização da Telessaúde após o período da pandemia, tendo em vista os resultados positivos no processo de cuidado. Além disso, destaca o papel das crianças como sujeitos ativos no processo de tratamento. Ademais, aponta a relevância da Telessaúde no processo de formação profissional através de intervenções inovadoras.(AU) Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Infantil. Terapia Ocupacional. Telessaúde Telemonitoramento. Pandemia.
Contextualization: Faced with the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Telehealth stands out for allowing the continuity of care at a distance. Intervention Process: This work is a Practice Analysis, with the objective of reporting clinical interventions of Occupational Therapy in Early Intervention through teleconsultation and telemonitoring with children and their parents/caregivers. Critical analysis of the practice: The study points to Telehealth as an important tool for occupational therapists who work with Early Intervention, highlighting the potential for supporting child development, as well as the difficulties of this modality. Summary of considerations: The practice considers the continuity of Telehealth usage after the pandemic period, given the positive results in the care process. Moreover, it highlights the role of children as active subjects in the treatment process. Furthermore, it points out the relevance of Telehealth in the professional training process through innovative interventions.(AU) Keywords: Child Development. Occupational Therapy. Telehealth. Telemonitoring. Pandemic
Contextualización: Delante de los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia del COVID-19, la Telesalud se destaca por posibilitar la continuidad del cuidado a distancia. Proceso de intervención: Se trata de un Análisis de la Práctica, con el objetivo de relatar intervenciones clínicas de la Terapia Ocupacional en Atención Temprana a través de la Teleconsulta y del Telemonitoreo con niños y sus padres/niñeras. Análisis crítico de la práctica: El estudio apunta la Telesalud como una importante herramienta para terapeutas ocupacionales que trabajan con Atención Temprana, destacando las potencialidades para el apoyo del desarrollo infantil, así como las dificultades de esa modalidad. Resumen de consideraciones: La práctica considera la continuidad de la utilización de la Telesalud tras el periodo de pandemia, teniendo en cuenta los resultados positivos en el proceso de cuidado. Añadido a eso, destaca el papel de los niños como sujetos activos en el proceso de tratamiento. Además, apunta la relevancia de la Telesalud en el proceso de formación profesional a través de intervenciones innovadoras.(AU) Palabras clave: Desarrollo Infantil. Terapia Ocupacional. Telesalud. Telemonitorización Pandemia.
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Terapia OcupacionalRESUMEN
RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os instrumentos padronizados que avaliam aspectos sensoriais do nascimento aos seis meses. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de estudos publicados entre 2010 e 2020, nas bases de dados Bireme, SciElo, Scopus, Lilacs e Pubmed/Medline, além da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e nos periódicos Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo e na Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional (REVISBRATO). Adotaram-se fixamente os descritores "infant" e "sensation disorders", o termo livre "scale" e o operador boleano "AND" e, no formato alternado, os termos livres "Sensory Profile", "Sensory Functions" e "Sensory Processing". Incluíram-se estudos em português, inglês e espanhol. Estudos de revisão, pesquisas com profissionais e que não correspondiam à temática foram excluídos dessa revisão. Foram selecionados seis estudos. Entre os oito instrumentos identificados, apenas o Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile e o Test of Sensory Functions Infants avaliam especificamente aspectos sensoriais. Identificou-se o uso de dois instrumentos de avaliação do contexto em que a criança está inserida para avaliar aspectos sensoriais como o HOME e o AHEMED e outros instrumentos de análise geral do desenvolvimento como a Escala Bayley III. Há necessidade de ampliação do uso de instrumentos específicos de análise do processamento sensorial para aumentar as oportunidades de familiares, professores e profissionais a apoiar o desenvolvimento do bebê, além de identificar sinais de risco que, quando tratados, diminuem os efeitos iatrogênicos no desenvolvimento.
ABSTRACT: This work aimed to identify the standardized instruments that assess sensory aspects in infants from birth to the sixth month. It is an Integrative Review of studies published from 2010 to 2020 in Bireme, SciElo, Scopus, Lilacs and Pubmed/Medline databases, in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and in the Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy from the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, in the Journal of Occupational Therapy from the University of São Paulo and the Interinstitutional Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy (REVISBRATO). The descriptors "infant" and "sensation disorders", the free term "scale", and the Boolean operator "AND" were fixedly adopted, whereas the free terms "Sensory Profile", "Sensory Functions" and "Sensory Processing" were alternately adopted. Studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. Review studies, researches with professional and others that did not correspond to the theme were excluded from this review. Six studies were selected. Among the eight identified instruments, only the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile and the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants specifically assess sensory aspects. The use of two instruments for the assessment of the context in which the infant is inserted to assess sensory aspect, as HOME and AHEMED, were identified, as well as other instruments for general analysis of development, as Bayley-III. There is the need to broaden the use of specific instruments for the analysis of sensory processing in order to increase the opportunities for family members, teachers and professionals to support the infant development, as well as to identify risk signs that, when treated, decrease iatrogenic effects in development.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação da força de preensão manual (FPM) é um método útil para avaliar a força muscular global de pessoas idosas. OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre a FPM e as aptidões físicas de idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos, segundo o sexo. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com 106 idosas e 30 idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos num programa de extensão universitário, que foram submetidos a bateria Senior Fitness Test (força dos membros inferiores, força dos membros superiores, flexibilidade dos membros inferiores, agilidade/equilíbrio dinâmico, flexibilidade dos membros superiores e resistência aeróbica). A FPM foi avaliada por um dinamômetro de preensão manual. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva (média e desvio-padrão) e inferencial por meio do teste U de Mann Whitney para amostras independentes e regressão linear simples. O nível de significância foi 5%. RESULTADOS: A FPM direita e esquerda foi maior nos homens do que nas mulheres (p<0,001). Observou-se que a FPM é boa preditora da força de membros superiores (aproximadamente 11,4%) e a resistência aeróbica (aproximadamente 14,0%) nas mulheres, enquanto nos homens a FPM explica essas aptidões (aproximadamente 22,0% e 20,0%, respectivamente) e também a agilidade/equilíbrio (aproximadamente, 21,0%). CONCLUSÕES: Observa-se que, entre idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos, a FPM prediz melhor apenas a variação de testes físicos que apresentam bom desempenho, o que aumenta o poder de explicação e predição entre os homens, já que estes obtiveram melhores desempenhos nas avaliações físicas. .
INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of handgrip strength (HS) is a useful method for assessing overall muscle strength of old people. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between HS and the physical skills of old people practitioners of physical exercise, according to sex. METHODS: A descriptive study with 106 women and 30 man practicing physical exercises in a university extension program, which underwent a battery of Senior Fitness Test (lower limb strength, upper limbs strength, lower limbs flexibility, agility / dynamic balance, upper limb flexibility and aerobic endurance). HS was evaluated by a handgrip dynamometer. We used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential U test of Mann Whitney tests for independent samples and simple linear regression. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: The HS right and left was higher in men than in women (p <0.001). It was observed that HS is a good predictor of upper limb strength (approximately 11.4%) and aerobic endurance (approximately 14.0%) in women, while in men, HS explains these skills (approximately 22.0% and 20.0%, respectively) and also the agility / dynamic balance (approximately 21.0%). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that, among elderly practicing physical exercises, HS better predicts only the variation of physical tests that perform well, which increases the power of explanation and prediction among men, as they had better performance in physical assessments. .
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CONTEXT: The ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of Celiac disease, but other environmental factors can also influence. Strains of the Bifidobacterium genus have been shown to afford protection against the inflammatory response and mucosal damage caused by gliadin peptides in vitro. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare the concentration of fecal bifidobacteria and pH of patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet and control subjects in order to identify if the imbalance on fecal microbiota still remain during the treatment of celiac disease and identify the necessity of dietary supplementation with pre- or probiotics. METHODS: It was analyzed the feces of 42 healthy subjects and 14 celiac patients. The bifidobacteria count in feces was done in selective medium BIM-25. Microscopic analysis of the colonies was performed by Gram stain. The identification of the genus Bifidobacterium was performed by determination of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase. Fecal pH was measured using a pH meter. RESULTS: The concentration of bifidobacteria per gram of feces was significantly higher in healthy subjects (controls) (1.5 ± 0.63 x108 CFU/g) when compared to celiac patients (2.5 ± 1.5 x107 CFU/g). The fecal pH was not different between celiac patients (7.19 ± 0.521) and controls (7.18 ± 0.522). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that with lower levels of bifidobacteria, celiac patients have an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, regardless of pH, even while on a gluten-free diet. This fact could favor the pathological process of the disorder.
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Bifidobacterium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enfermedad Celíaca/dietoterapia , Enfermedad Celíaca/microbiología , Dieta Sin Gluten , Heces , Adulto , Bifidobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Context The ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of Celiac disease, but other environmental factors can also influence. Strains of the Bifidobacterium genus have been shown to afford protection against the inflammatory response and mucosal damage caused by gliadin peptides in vitro. Objectives This study was designed to compare the concentration of fecal bifidobacteria and pH of patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet and control subjects in order to identify if the imbalance on fecal microbiota still remain during the treatment of celiac disease and identify the necessity of dietary supplementation with pre- or probiotics. Methods It was analyzed the feces of 42 healthy subjects and 14 celiac patients. The bifidobacteria count in feces was done in selective medium BIM-25. Microscopic analysis of the colonies was performed by Gram stain. The identification of the genus Bifidobacterium was performed by determination of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase. Fecal pH was measured using a pH meter. Results The concentration of bifidobacteria per gram of feces was significantly higher in healthy subjects (controls) (1.5 ± 0.63 x108 CFU/g) when compared to celiac patients (2.5 ± 1.5 x107 CFU/g). The fecal pH was not different between celiac patients (7.19 ± 0.521) and controls (7.18 ± 0.522). Conclusions These results suggest that with lower levels of bifidobacteria, celiac patients have an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, regardless of pH, even while on a gluten-free diet. This fact could favor the pathological process of the disorder. .
Contexto A ingestão do glúten é responsável pelos sintomas da doença celíaca, mas outros fatores ambientais também podem influenciar. Tem sido mostrado que as cepas do género Bifidobacterium proporcionam proteção contra a resposta inflamatória, lesão da mucosa causada por péptidos da gliadina in vitro. Objetivos Este estudo foi desenvolvido para comparar as concentrações de bifidobactérias e pH fecal de pacientes com doença celíaca em dieta isenta de glúten e indivíduos controles, a fim de identificar se o desequilíbrio na microbiota fecal ainda permanece durante o tratamento da doença celíaca e, identificar a necessidade de suplementação alimentar com pré ou probióticos. Métodos Foram analisadas as fezes de 42 indivíduos saudáveis e 14 pacientes com doença celíaca. A contagem de bifidobactérias nas fezes foi feita em meio seletivo BIM-25. A análise microscópica das colônias foi realizada por coloração de Gram. A identificação do género Bifidobacterium foi realizada por determinação de phosphoketolase frutose-6-fosfato. O pH fecal foi medido usando um medidor de pH. Resultados As concentrações de bifidobactérias por grama de fezes foi significativamente mais elevada nos indivíduos saudáveis (controles) (1,5 ± 0,63 x108 UFC/g), quando comparada com pacientes com doença celíaca (2,5 ± 1,5 x107 UFC/g). O pH fecal não foi diferente entre pacientes celíacos (7,19 ± 0,521) e controles (7,18 ± 0,522). Conclusões Estes resultados sugerem que, com concentrações inferiores de bifidobactérias, pacientes com doença celíaca tem um desequilíbrio na microbiota intestinal, independentemente do pH, mesmo durante uma dieta isenta de ...
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bifidobacterium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enfermedad Celíaca/dietoterapia , Enfermedad Celíaca/microbiología , Dieta Sin Gluten , Heces , Bifidobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Heces/química , Heces/microbiología , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
The organophosphorus (OP) pesticide malathion is a highly neurotoxic compound and its toxicity is primarily caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to cholinergic syndrome. Although oximes have been used as potential antidotal treatments in malathion poisoning because of their potential capability to reactivate the inhibited enzyme, the clinical experience with the clinically available oximes (e.g. pralidoxime) is disappointing and their routine use has been questioned. In the present study, we investigated the potency of pralidoxime and K074 in reactivating AChE after acute exposure to malathion, as well as in preventing malathion-induced changes in oxidative-stress related parameters in mice. Malathion (1.25 g/kg, s.c.) induced a significant decrease in cortico-cerebral, hippocampal and blood AChE activities at 24h after exposure. Oxime treatments (1/4 of LD(50), i.m., 6h after malathion poisoning) showed that pralidoxime significantly reversed malathion-induced blood AChE inhibition, although no significant effects were observed after K074 treatment. Interestingly, both oximes tested were unable to reactivate the cortico-cerebral and hippocampal enzymes after intramuscular or intracerebroventricular injection (1/4 of LD(50), 6h after malathion poisoning). Biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress (cerebro-cortical and hippocampal glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities, as well as lipid peroxidation) were not affected in animals treated with malathion, oximes or atropine alone. However, pralidoxime and K074, administered intramuscularly 6h after malathion poisoning, were able to increase the endogenous activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Taken together, the results presented herein showed that pralidoxime (the most common clinically used oxime) and the recently developed oxime K074, administered 6h after malathion poisoning, were unable to reactivate the inhibited AChE in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. However, only pralidoxime significantly reversed the blood AChE inhibition induced by malathion poisoning. This indicates that peripheral and central AChE activities are not necessarily correlated after the treatment of OP compounds and/or oximes, which should be taken into account in the diagnosis and management of OP-exposed humans. In addition, considering that the available treatments to malathion poisoning appear to be ineffective, the present study reinforce the need to search for potential new AChE reactivators able to efficiently reactivate the brain and blood AChEs after malathion poisoning.