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RESUMEN La escritura es una de las cuatro habilidades comunicativas del inglés que debe ser trabajada en clases; sin embargo, por su naturaleza, y al tratarse de un proceso, no puede desarrollarse apropiadamente en algunas ocasiones. Esta investigación-acción se realizó en un establecimiento educacional público de la región del Bio Bio - Chile. Se trabajó con I9 estudiantes de séptimo año de primaria y se implementó una intervención pedagógica que contribuyera a mejorar la habilidad de escritura en inglés de los estudiantes, mediante el desarrollo de historias digitales breves creadas con el programa Windows Movie Maker Se utilizó una tarea de escritura que fue evaluada con una rúbrica analítica, tanto al inicio como al final de la intervención. Para verificar la significancia de los resultados, se utilizó el test de Wilcoxon. Se aplicaron además cuestionarios de opiniones a los estudiantes para identificar sus percepciones respecto de esta intervención. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se puede destacar que la implementación de esta intervención no sólo contribuyó de manera significativa a la mejora en el desempeño de los estudiantes, al momento de escribir en inglés, sino que también ayudó a generar una sensación de agrado hacia las actividades de escritura en inglés.
ABSTRACT Writing is one of the four communicative skills that must be practiced inside the classroom; however; due to its nature and considering that writing is a process, it cannot be properly developed on certain occasions. This action research took place in a public school in the Bio Bio region - Chile. The participants of this study were I9 seventh grade students, and an intervention sequence was conducted to improve students' writing skill in English, by producing short digital stories using Windows Movie Maker. A writing task was developed by the students and assessed with an analytic rubric at the beginning and end of the intervention. The results were compared using the Wilcoxon test in order to determine if there were statistically significant differences. In addition, a perceptions questionnaire was applied to identify students' thoughts about the intervention. Regarding the results, it can be stated that this intervention not only helped to improve the students' performance when writing in English, but also contributed to generate a positive impression when they had to face writing tasks.
RESUMO Escrever é uma das quatro habilidades comunicativas do inglês que deve ser trabalhada em sala de aula; no entanto, devido à sua natureza, e como é um processo, ele não pode se desenvolver adequadamente em algumas ocasiões. Esta pesquisa-ação foi realizada em um estabelecimento educacional público na região de Bio Bio - Chile. Trabalhamos com I9 alunos do ensino fundamental da sétima série e uma intervenção pedagógica foi implementada para ajudar a melhorar a capacidade de escrita dos alunos em inglês, através do desenvolvimento de pequenas histórias digitais criadas com o programa Windows Movie Maker Foi utilizada uma tarefa de escrita avaliada com uma rubrica analítica, tanto no início quanto no final da intervenção. Para verificar a significancia dos resultados, foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon. Questionários de opinião também foram aplicados aos estudantes para identificar suas percepções em relação a essa intervenção. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que a implementação dessa intervenção não apenas contribuiu significativamente para a melhoria do desempenho do aluno, no momento da redação em inglês, mas também contribuiu para gerar uma sensação de prazer em relação às atividades de escrever em inglês.
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We present a synthesis of the insects reported associated with plants of the genus Agave L. (Asparagaceae) in Mexico, through a detailed review of published records. This work includes two checklists: the first include the species of insects collected in Agave, name of their hosts, their geographical distribution, notes on their biology and, references. Natural enemies of the insects associated with agaves are included in the second checklist with their geographical distribution, insect species host and, references. We found 273 species of insects collected in different Agave species. These species belong to 63 families and 7 orders. The orders of insects with the highest number of species are Coleoptera with 118 species and, Hemiptera with 65. The natural enemies of insects collected in agaves were 98 species from 18 families and 6 orders. The genera Aphytis and Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) grouped the largest number of natural enemies of insects that were recorded in Agave with 15 and 10 species, respectively. Insects were collected from 42 species of Agave, of which 25 are endemic to Mexico. This study provides biological information on Mexican insects captured in Agave and, their natural enemies. The need for the conservation of these plants and associated insects is highlighted.
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Agave , Asparagaceae , Escarabajos , Animales , Insectos , MéxicoRESUMEN
We present the species diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected with carrion baited traps in Quercus forests of Cerro de García, Jalisco, and provide a compilation of published species records in Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests in other jurisdictions of Mexico. This work includes taxonomic notes, information on species phenology, distribution, and their occurrence in Cerro de García (if applicable), and other jurisdictions of Mexico. In Cerro de García, 75 species were collected in total, of which 16 are shared with other Quercus forests in different locations, and 9 species are provided with new habitat data. The remaining individuals were only determined to morphospecies. In Mexico, there are 77 known species of rove beetles collected with carrion traps (determined to species or near species) and recorded from Quercus, Quercus-pine and pine forests. These species belong to 30 genera, 11 tribes and 10 subfamilies. This study provides biological information on Mexican rove beetles captured with carrion traps and highlights the importance of rove beetles as indicator species of habitat change for conservation analysis, forestry, agronomy and forensic sciences studies.
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Escarabajos , Quercus , Animales , Bosques , México , PinusRESUMEN
Las nuevas sustancias psicoactivas, de las que se describen sus características y clasificación, enmarcan el fenómeno de los cannabinoides sintéticos, que ocupan un lugar central entre ellas. De los cannabinoides sintéticos se revisa su mecanismo de acción, clasificación, efectos y datos de consumo en España. Se concluye que este mercado, con gran número de sustancias, es cambiante y que todavía es limitado el conocimiento científico sobre sus datos epidemiológicos, su farmacocinética, los patrones de distribución en tejidos y órganos, sus interacciones y efectos clínicos. Todo ello hace necesaria la investigación para discernir sobre estas lagunas de conocimiento
The new psychoactive substances, of which its characteristics and classification are introduced, contextualize the phenomenon of synthetic cannabinoids, central among them. The mechanism of action, classification, effects and use data from Spain of synthetic cannabinoids are reviewed. It is concluded that this market, with a large number of substances, is changing and that there is still a limited scientific knowledge about epidemiological data, pharmacokinetics, distribution patterns in tissues and organs, their interactions and clinical effects. More research is needed to discern these knowledge gaps
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Humanos , Cannabinoides/farmacocinética , Cannabis/efectos adversos , Abuso de Marihuana/complicaciones , Psicotrópicos/farmacocinética , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodosRESUMEN
A new species of Belonuchus Nordmann, 1837 is described based on 118 specimens from Cerro de Garcia, Jalisco, Mexico. Belonuchus cifuentesi Rodríguez & Navarrete-Heredia sp. nov. was primarily collected associated with Agave inaequidens, and is similar to B. arizonicus Casey, 1915 but differs mainly in the structure of the aedeagus and color pattern.
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Escarabajos/clasificación , Distribución Animal , Estructuras Animales/anatomía & histología , Estructuras Animales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Tamaño Corporal , Escarabajos/anatomía & histología , Escarabajos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ecosistema , Femenino , Masculino , México , Tamaño de los ÓrganosAsunto(s)
Escarabajos/clasificación , Distribución Animal , Estructuras Animales/anatomía & histología , Estructuras Animales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Tamaño Corporal , Escarabajos/anatomía & histología , Escarabajos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ecosistema , Femenino , Masculino , México , Tamaño de los ÓrganosRESUMEN
The male of Oxyporus bautistae Márquez and Asiain, 2006 is described based on one specimen from San José del Pacífico, southern Oaxaca, Mexico. Oxyporus bautistae shares with O. mexicanus Fauvel, 1865 the bicolored color pattern in legs (black and orange). The male of O. bautistae has six black spots on tergites and the female has only two black spots; but we cannot explain whether the number of black spots represents a sexual character or individual variation.
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Escarabajos/anatomía & histología , Animales , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMEN
Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, with site-specific nucleotide or domain-specific amino acid substitution models, produced statistically robust and congruent results resolving previously controversial phylogenetic relations hips. We dated the origin of insects to the Early Ordovician [~479 million years ago (Ma)], of insect flight to the Early Devonian (~406 Ma), of major extant lineages to the Mississippian (~345 Ma), and the major diversification of holometabolous insects to the Early Cretaceous. Our phylogenomic study provides a comprehensive reliable scaffold for future comparative analyses of evolutionary innovations among insects.
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Proteínas de Insectos/clasificación , Insectos/clasificación , Filogenia , Animales , Código Genético , Genoma de los Insectos , Genómica , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Insectos/genética , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinical picture characterized by repeated episodes of obstruction of the upper airway. OSA is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, some of which are components of metabolic syndrome (MS). OBJECTIVES: First, determine the prevalence of MS in patients with OSA visited in sleep clinic. Second, evaluate whether there is an independent association between MS components and the severity of OSA. METHODS: Patients with clinical suspicion of OSA were evaluated by polysomnography. Three groups were defined according to apnea hypoapnea index (AHI): no OSA (AHI <5), mild-moderate (AHI≥ 5 ≤30), and severe (AHI> 30). All patients were determined in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin. MS was defined according to criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). RESULTS: A total of 141 patients (mean age 54 ± 11 years) were evaluated. According to AIH, 25 subjects had no OSA and 116 had OSA (41mild-moderate and 75 severe). MS prevalence ranged from 43-81% in OSA group. Also, a significant increase in waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, blood pressure levels, and a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels was observed in more severe OSA patients. All polysomnographic parameters correlated significantly with metabolic abnormalities. After a multiple regression analysis, abdominal obesity (p <0.02), glucose (p <0.01) and HDL cholesterol (p <0.001) were independently associated with OSA. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show high prevalence of MS in OSA, especially in severe group. A significant association between OSA and some of the components of MS was found in Spanish population.
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A preliminary review of the species of Stenotarsus Perty from México, Guatemala and Belize is presented. Twenty-seven species are recorded from the region including 12 new species described here: Stenotarsus cortesi sp. nov. (Jalisco), S. incisus sp. nov. (Quetzaltenango, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), S. kafkai sp. nov. (Veracruz), S. mesoamericanus sp. nov. (Chiapas, Puebla), S. mexicanus sp. nov. (Veracruz), S. molgorae sp. nov. (Jalisco), S. monterrosoi sp. nov. (Izabal), S. parallelicornis sp. nov. (Veracruz), S. raramuri sp. nov. (Durango, Jalisco), S. rulfoi sp. nov. (Jalisco), S. shockleyi sp. nov. (Veracruz), S. spiropenis sp. nov. (Jalisco). Stenotarsus circumdatus Gerstaecker, S. discipennis Gorham and S. tarsalis Gorham are synonymized with S. globosus Guérin-Méneville. Stenotarsus distinguendus Arrow is synonymized with S. sallaei Gorham. Stenotarsus pilatei Gorham is synonymized with S. militaris Gerstaecker. Lectotypes are designated for: Stenotarsus circumdatus Gerstaecker, Stenotarsus distinguendus Arrow, Stenotarsus exiguus Gorham, Stenotarsus globosus Guérin-Méneville, Stenotarsus guatemalae Arrow, Stenotarsus discipennis Gorham, Stenotarsus lemniscatus Gorham, Stenotarsus militaris Gerstaecker, Stenotarsus rubrocinctus Gerstaecker, Stenotarsus sallaei Gorham, Stenotarsus tarsalis Gorham, Stenotarsus thoracicus Gorham. A key to the species in this region is provided. Species are described in detail and illustrated, and habits and habitats are given when available.
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Escarabajos/anatomía & histología , Escarabajos/clasificación , Distribución Animal , Estructuras Animales/anatomía & histología , Animales , Belice , Escarabajos/fisiología , Ecosistema , Femenino , Guatemala , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Vascular rings (VR) may produce extrinsic compression of trachea and/or esophagus. Diagnosis relies on nonspecific clinical data from resulting compression and image studies, mainly angiography, computed tomography, and cardiovascular MRI. Because of their low incidence, diagnosis is often missed. The role of bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy is controversial, but these procedures might establish for the first time the diagnostic suspicion of VR. This communication was aimed to determine to what extent endoscopic manifestations lead the clinician to suspect the presence of a VR and, moreover, to define their correlation with surgical findings. METHODS: Children with endoscopic diagnosis of VR submitted to surgery were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. They were submitted to 19 bronchoscopies and 16 esophagoscopies, and in 60% cases they raised the first suspicion of VR. Diagnostic agreement of the type of VR between endoscopy and surgery was 85%. Bronchoscopy diagnosed 12 VR, and in 10 cases predicted the specific type of VR. Additional relevant findings were detected in nine patients (47.4%). Esophagoscopy diagnosed VR in 14 patients, predicted the specific type in 78.6% and detected all aberrant right subclavian artery cases. CONCLUSIONS: Initial suspicion of VR was raised by bronchoscopic and/or esophagoscopic findings in 60% cases. Endoscopy proved to be a valuable tool to anticipate the type of malformation and to disclose associated abnormalities.
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Broncoscopía , Estenosis Esofágica/diagnóstico , Esofagoscopía , Estenosis Traqueal/diagnóstico , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico , Aorta Torácica/anomalías , Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Estenosis Esofágica/congénito , Estenosis Esofágica/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Estenosis Traqueal/congénito , Estenosis Traqueal/cirugía , Malformaciones Vasculares/complicaciones , Malformaciones Vasculares/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The presence of at least five dimensions in mania has recently been established. This study extends previous findings by comparing the dimensions of pure vs. mixed mania. MATERIALS AND METHOD: One hundred and three inpatients with bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed (DSM IV), were assessed with SCID-I, YMRS and HDRS-21. The five-factor solution found after applying factorial analysis with Varimax rotation was compared between manic and mixed patients. RESULTS: There were differences between pure mania and mixed states on factor 1 (depression) and factor 3 (hedonism). There was a tendency to present higher values on factor 5 (activation) in the pure manic group. No differences were found in factor 2 (dysphoria) and factor 4 (psychosis). DISCUSSION: Hedonism and activation dimensions are present to a lesser degree in mixed states. Although the principal difference between mixed and pure bipolar disorder is the existence of depressive symptoms, the depressive dimension is strongly present in patients with pure mania. CONCLUSIONS: There is need to search for core depressive symptoms in all patients suffering from mania and to evaluate their outcome in clinical trials.
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Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/epidemiología , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare cause of primary pulmonary hypertension characterized by thin-walled microvessels infiltrating the peribronchial and perivascular interstitium, the lung parenchyma, and the pleura. These proliferating microvessels are prone to bleeding, resulting in accumulation of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in alveolar spaces. Here we report 2 cases of PCH with pulmonary hypertension, 1 of them associated with mechanical intravascular hemolysis, a feature previously reported in other hemangiomatous diseases, but not in PCH. Case 2 was diagnosed by pulmonary biopsy; to our knowledge the patient is the second adult to be treated with interferon alpha-2a. Review of the literature identified 35 patients with PCH and pulmonary hypertension. The prognosis is poor and median survival was 3 years from the first clinical manifestation. Dyspnea and right heart failure are the most common findings of the disease. Hemoptysis, pleural effusion, acropachy, and signs of pulmonary capillary hypertension are less common. Chest X-ray or computed tomography scan usually shows evidence of interstitial infiltrates, pulmonary nodules, or pleural effusion. Hemodynamic features include normal wedge pressures. Radiologic and hemodynamic findings are undifferentiated from those of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease but differ from other causes of primary pulmonary hypertension. Epoprostenol therapy, considered the treatment of choice in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, may produce pulmonary edema and is contraindicated in patients with PCH. Regression of lesions was reported in 1 patient treated with interferon therapy and 2 other patients stabilized, including our second patient. PCH was treated successfully by lung transplantation in 5 cases. Early recognition of PCH in patients with suspected primary pulmonary hypertension is possible based on clinical and radiologic characteristics. Diagnosis by pulmonary biopsy is essential for allowing appropriate treatment.
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Hemangioma Capilar/complicaciones , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/complicaciones , Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos , Biopsia , Contraindicaciones , Disnea/etiología , Epoprostenol , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Hemangioma Capilar/diagnóstico , Hemangioma Capilar/mortalidad , Hemangioma Capilar/terapia , Hemoptisis/etiología , Hemosiderina/análisis , Humanos , Interferón alfa-2 , Interferón-alfa/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/mortalidad , Enfermedades Pulmonares/terapia , Trasplante de Pulmón , Macrófagos/química , Macrófagos/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Derrame Pleural/etiología , Pronóstico , Presión Esfenoidal Pulmonar , Proteínas Recombinantes , Remisión Espontánea , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Se analizó a diversidad y similitud de los hongos macroscópicos de la Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, México en tres tipos de vegetación. En general la diversidad fúngica en la zona fue elevada. Los bosques de pino-encino y mesófilo de montaña resultaron ser significativamente más diversos en cuanto a su estructura de comunidad en relación conl bosque de encino. La similitud fungística entre los tres tipos de vegetación fue baja y son pocas las especies compartidas entre sí, resultando más afines el bosque de pino-encino y el mesófilo de montaña. Este patrón de similitud es una condición general para otras regiones que presentan características similares a las de la zona estudiada.