RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: African Americans (AA) are a third as likely as Caucasians to become registered organ donors at the Department of Motorized Vehicles (DMV). The Department of Health and Human Services has set the goal that at least 50% of adults in each state are registered donors. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to explore the personal, behavioral and environmental factors associated with AA donor registration decision-making at the DMV. METHODS: Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, 13 focus groups (n = 100 participants) were conducted with AAs within 3 months of visiting a DMV and making a decision regarding whether to become or to not become a registered donor. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic and qualitative content analyses. RESULTS: Study participants expressed a desire to learn more information while waiting in line at the DMV. Knowing a family member or friend in need of an organ transplant, and the desire to make one's own decision were two salient factors associated with the decision to become a registered organ donor. Several aspects of the DMV environment (e.g., noisy, overcrowded, lacking privacy) were cited as deterrents to becoming a registered donor. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the personal, behavioral and environmental factors associated with AA organ donor registration decision-making at the DMV. CONCLUSION: The DMV is a setting where many adults make a decision about organ donation. Policies that create an environment in the DMV to support informed decision-making (e.g., privacy, informed clerks, available educational materials, etc.) are indicated.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Toma de Decisiones , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud/etnología , Motivación , Donantes de Tejidos/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Alabama , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vehículos a Motor , Teoría Psicológica , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
CONTEXT: A large racial disparity exists in organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with becoming a registered organ donor among African Americans in Alabama. METHODS: Concurrent mixed methods design guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze African Americans' decisions to become a registered organ donor by using both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) methods. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 22 registered organ donors and 65 non registered participants from 6 focus groups completed in urban (n = 3) and rural (n = 3) areas. Participants emphasized the importance of the autonomy to make one's own organ donation decision and have this decision honored posthumously. One novel barrier to becoming a registered organ donor was the perception that organs from African Americans were often unusable because of the high prevalence of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Another novel theme discussed as an advantage to becoming a donor was the subsequent motivation to take responsibility for one's health. Family and friends were the most common groups of persons identified as approving and disapproving of the decision to become a donor. The most common facilitator to becoming a donor was information, whereas fear and the lack of information were the most common barriers. In contrast, religious beliefs, mistrust, and social justice themes were infrequently referenced as barriers to becoming a donor. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study may be useful for prioritizing organ donation community-based educational interventions in campaigns to increase donor registration.