RESUMEN
There has been professional concern that the type of milk used for infant-feeding may lead to adiposity. Studies of the relationship between infant milk-feeding and adiposity, however, have led to inconsistent results. This study investigated the relationship of infant-feeding practices to three indicators of adiposity: body weight, body mass index (BMI) and sum of seven skinfolds. The sample includes children at 3 or 4 years of age, in three ethnic groups. Multivariate techniques assessed the relationship among practices of infant-feeding with three indicators of adiposity, while considering potential confounding variables. Although a weak bivariate relationship was detected between the duration of breastfeeding and body weight, none of the measures of infant-feeding were related to the three indicators of adiposity. Black-American girls had smaller skinfolds than Anglo- or Mexican-American girls, with no ethnic group differences among boys. Concerns about adiposity due to methods of infant-feeding can be allayed, at least among 3- or 4-year-old children.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano , Comparación Transcultural , Conducta Alimentaria , Hispánicos o Latinos , Obesidad/etiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Lactancia Materna , Preescolar , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Alimentos Infantiles , Masculino , México/etnología , Grosor de los Pliegues Cutáneos , TexasRESUMEN
This study was designed to test the accuracy of four different methods for enabling children in the third to sixth grades to record their frequency of consumption of foods high in any of four targeted nutrients. The forms varied in two ways: recording the whole day or a segment of the day (morning, afternoon, or evening) or use or non-use of pictures of the food items. The accuracy of the children's recording of food consumption was validated by observation of their behavior for 2 continuous 12-hour days. Twenty-four children in the third to sixth grades were observed for each of the 2 days. An 82.9% agreement was obtained between the child's self-reported food frequency and the observer's record of the child's consumption. Ethnicity slightly affected the accuracy of form completion, while gender and grade level of the children did not. The results of this study validate the accuracy with which children record diet using a food frequency of consumption method.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Dieta , Niño , Conducta Infantil , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Femenino , Alimentos , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
This is a report of a successful program to return dropout participants to active participation at a single clinic of a multicenter long-term clinical trial, the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. The specific objectives were to re-engage dropouts into active participation and to have them resume study medication. Thirty-six men had been absent from the Baylor-Methodist Clinic for 10 months to over four years. The program focused on resolving the presenting problems: psychosocial, somatic, and drug adherence. It was based on six general principles with corresponding goals and employed 13 activities and procedures in a specific operational sequence for reinstitution of the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial protocol. Counseling techniques were used to improve protocol adherence. The recovery program was monitored bi-weekly by computer. The dropout group did not appear to exhibit any biases and approximated the remainder of the Baylor-Methodist cohort demographically. At six months into the recovery program, 90 percent of the dropouts had been recovered. Seventy percent of the recovered participants re-established medication-taking behavior. The mean rate of adherence to medication for all of the recovered group was 35 percent of the prescribed dose, 8 g per day. Review of the data for the cholesterol differential between the two treatment groups demonstrated a favorable effect of the reinstitution of the study medication. The program's methods are applicable to clinical practice.