Asunto(s)
Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Vacuna Antipolio Oral , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Política de Salud , Humanos , Incidencia , América del Norte/epidemiología , Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , América del Sur/epidemiología , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
In the last 25 years we have witnessed revolutionary changes in the field of health, particularly in the low and middle income countries. This paper discusses some of the new problems which need to be solved and some of the challenges which lie ahead. Among the former we can mention the financing of health care services and the provision of health care to an aging population. Among the latter we include the need for improvement of the quality of health services and the training of appropriate health manpower.
Asunto(s)
Prioridades en Salud/tendenciasAsunto(s)
Vacuna Antisarampión/uso terapéutico , Sarampión/inmunología , Envejecimiento , Anticuerpos , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Preescolar , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Fiebre , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Honduras , Humanos , Lactante , Vacuna Antisarampión/efectos adversos , PlacebosRESUMEN
In evaluating vaccination porgrams it should be borne in mind that planning and evauation are inseparably linked and that specific objectives must be clearly defined from the inception of the program, for without them evaluation will have little meaning. The principal task of evaluation is to determine whether or not an immunization program has succeeded in reducing the incidence of the disease in question, which requires the continuing surveillance of the status of the disease. That procedure may be termed "primary evaluation" and should be followed by a "secondary evaluation" consisting of certain procedures designed to check results
Among secondary evaluation procedures, the following are the most critical: 1) vaccine efficacy, which should be verified beyond any doubt before its application; 2) vaccine coverage, which related the principal objective of the program and requires the establishment of a reliable checking system; and 3) surveillance system, which includes such important evaluation aspects as a check of the number of cases reported, and of the promptness and frequency with which control measures are taken
Further evaluation procedures are the cost-benefit analysis, and the establishment of a reporting system of minimum information required for evaluation. It is pointed out, however, that in checking and comparing results there is no substitute for personal observation in ... (AU)