RESUMEN
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disease with an accelerated ageing feature. The criteria of metabolic disease firmly fit with those of schizophrenia. Disturbances in energy and mitochondria are at the core of complex pathology. Genetic and environmental interaction creates changes in redox, inflammation, and apoptosis. All the factors behind schizophrenia interact in a cycle where it is difficult to discriminate between the cause and the effect. New technology and advances in the multi-dispensary fields could break this cycle in the future.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Metabólicas , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/genética , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Envejecimiento , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Enfermedades Metabólicas/genética , Enfermedades Metabólicas/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic abuse is a common phenomenon in Egypt as medications are prescribed without supervision. It is suggested that the excess use of antibiotics modifies the gut microbiota and plays a role in the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to use bulb-c mice as models for curam (amoxicillin /clavulanic acid) abuse compared to the locally acting neomycin model, then restoring the probiotic balance to look at the possible effects on the animal brains. METHODS: The results showed early excitable brains demonstrated by S100b immunohistochemistry in both cortexes and hippocampuses of neomycin-treated mice. Staining with PAS stain showed no suggested neurodegenerative changes. Treatment with probiotics improved the S100b immunohistochemistry profile of the curam group partially but failed to overcome the neuroinflammatory reaction detected by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Curam was possibly blamed for the systemic effects. RESULTS: The neurobehavioral tests showed delayed impairment in the open field test for the curam group and impaired new object recognition for the neomycin group. These tests were applied by video recording. The neurobehavioral decline developed 14 days after the end of the 3-week antibiotic course. Unfortunately, curam abuse induced animal fatalities. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic abuse has a neurotoxic effect that works by both local and more prominent systemic mechanisms. It can be said that antibiotic abuse is a cofactor behind the rise of neuropsychiatric diseases in Egypt.
Asunto(s)
Amoxicilina/toxicidad , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Clavulánico/toxicidad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inducido químicamente , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/fisiopatología , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tramadol dependence has been studied recently after large-scale exposure. Although tramadol dependence has increased rapidly in Egypt since 2004, no studies have evaluated the effect of high dose long-term tramadol dependence. OBJECTIVES: To address the chronic sequel of tramadol dependence over at least 5 years duration with a large dose (more than 675 mg/day, three tablets or more, each tablet of 225 mg). The study was aimed to check the physical and psychiatric status during tramadol dependence and 3 months after complete treatment. METHODS: The present study was applied on 79 patients with single tramadol-dependence dose of 675 mg or more for 5 years or more. We examined the physical and psychological impact of tramadol abuse before and after 3 months of stoppage of the drug. RESULTS: The blood chemistry was nearly within normal parameters, although slight nonsignificant rise in liver enzymes was reported in some cases. Patients during tramadol dependence period were angry, hostile, and aggressive. On the other hand, after treatment the main problem observed was the significant increase in comorbid anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but no increase was found in psychotic symptoms. Tramadol-dependence dose was more important than duration of use in psychiatric illness. CONCLUSIONS: Tramadol dependence on high dose could be physically safe to some limit, but psychiatrically it has many side effects.
Asunto(s)
Agresión/psicología , Ansiedad/inducido químicamente , Depresión/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/psicología , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/psicología , Tramadol/efectos adversos , Adulto , Ira , Ansiedad/complicaciones , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/complicaciones , Depresión/psicología , Hostilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/complicaciones , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/complicaciones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Suicide represents the dramatic end of human life mostly in young age. In a 5-year retrospective study in Jeddah in the western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 200 successful suicidal attempts demonstrated that hanging was the most common method of suicide with 72% of the cases, and males represented 77% of the total loses. Most fatalities were of the age range from 20s to 40s. Saudi cases constituted 18.5% of the death cases representing the second most common nationality of successful suicidal attempt in Jeddah after Indians who represented 23% of the entire study. Saudi fatalities were induced by hanging in 56% of the all Saudi deaths in contrast to about 83% in the Indian fatalities.