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AIM: This article aims to review the literature available on transitional implants and elaborates on the same through a case report with a follow-up of 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHOD: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were screened for literature. Articles other than those in English language were excluded. For the review, the complete texts of 49 papers were acquired, with 34 of them being included in the review. CONCLUSION: Transitional implant placement could be considered as an alternative to removable or fixed resin bonded dental prosthesis in adolescents with a regular follow-up. In such patients, a detailed assessment of growth pattern and a prediction of growth completion has to be done before considering implant as a treatment option.

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BACKGROUND: The presence of the dental papilla is critical to achieve esthetics in a single tooth implant restoration. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in the papilla fill between implant and teeth comparing immediate implant placement and provisionalised single tooth implant restorations with delayed implant placement and provisionalised single tooth implant restorations. The papilla fill in these two groups was evaluated using the Jemt papilla index. RESULTS: It was seen that there was no statistically significant difference seen in the volume of the papilla between both the groups. There was a statistically significant difference seen in both the groups on the distal and mesial side from the initial stage go the follow up period of 10 days, 3 months and 6 months. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of clinical papilla is a difficult task since many different clinical situations can be encountered while studying single tooth implant restorations. The single tooth implant restoration is a specific entity; the distance between the mesial and the distal side of one implant is never the same. Therefore the present study analysed the papilla as a unit and focused on the vertical fill related to the implant and adjacent teeth.

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The development of measures for assessing oral health status is essential to the evolution and maturation of a scientific knowledge based in geriatric dentistry. Their development as branches of clinical care depends in part as ability to demonstrate an effective grasp of the problems of elderly and their solutions. Any strategy for altering the health status of elderly requires a technology for first assessing that health status and then detecting increments of progress. Development of geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI) is a self reported measure designed to assess the oral health problems of older individuals. The goal of geriatric assessment is to collect information that will facilitate diagnosis and suggest appropriate interventions. Such a measure would facilitate estimation of prevalence of oral functional problems in older individuals, It would also increase understanding of psychological impact of oral disease and provide a means for comparing the effectiveness of various dental treatment. It also emphasizes on social well being and reflects quality of life following replacement of missing teeth.

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Implants have a predictable outcome and are the foremost treatment modality for prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Due to loss of bone after extraction and pneumatization of maxillary sinus, there is insufficient bone volume for implant placement. The direct maxillary sinus lift procedure has been performed with different grafting materials (autogenous bone grafts, alloplasts, allografts, and xenografts) and without grafting material, having new bone formation around the implant. There is no evidence to prove the need for grafting material in all direct sinus lift procedures, hence the need for this review. Previous meta-analysis showed that survival rates of implants placed in grafted maxillary sinuses had similar survival rates whether autogenous, allogenous, or alloplastic grafts were used. This paper aims to review scientific data on the direct sinus elevation technique without use of any grafting material, volume of new bone formed, and also mechanism behind this technique. Articles were searched from 1997 to October 2014 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL. The study eligibility criteria were (1) direct sinus lift procedure without any graft material during implant placement and (2) human or animal studies with a minimum follow-up of 6 months or more. Two authors independently scrutinized the literature and if any controversy was raised, third author's opinion was sought to arrive at a mutual consensus for including the study in the review. Due to the heterogeneity across all studies in all study designs, the data were not pooled and a meta-analysis was not performed. Taking into consideration all factors reviewed in this regard along with the outcomes, the direct sinus lift technique without grafting can be suggested as a viable treatment option keeping in mind the limitations involved. The average bone gain was seen across all studies ranging from 2.37 to 10 mm and with an implant survival rate ranging from 79.9% to 100% across studies.

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Immediate placement and restoration of the implant is a widely used protocol, but loading of implants in the site which is periapically infected is still not very popular. Very few studies have been conducted and its still in debate. The conventional protocol of placing implant and waiting for it to osseointegrate is time consuming and compromises patients esthetics and psychological comfort. This report presents a case of immediate placement and restoration of implant in the region with periapical infection.

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Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a triad of hypodontia or anodontia, hypotrichosis, and hypohydrosis, associated with other problems that result from the defective development of structures of ectodermal origin (Freire-Maia, Pinheiro (1988)). Early and extensive dental treatment is needed keeping in mind the effect on the craniofacial growth. Due to rapid growth of the jaws, the patients are rehabilitated using removable prostheses (Tarjan et al. (2005)). Hence for a young patient in this case report, the placement of endosseous osseointegrated implants was delayed till adulthood. Finally a definitive fixed tooth-supported and osseointegrated implant supported fixed partial denture therapy was used to rehabilitate the patient satisfactorily after she had completed her growth (Sweeney et al. (2005)). A review of the current literature relevant to several aspects of syndromic hypodontia, patient selection, and implant planning is discussed.

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OBJECTIVES: The present paper aims to review the literature on various approaches in the tray designs and different techniques used to overcome difficulties in making impressions of patients with severely limited mouth opening published from 1984 to 2009. STUDY DESIGN: A search in the National Library of Medicine's Pub Med database, Google search and Science Direct was performed to include all case reports and reviews on prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with microstomia. A total of 17 articles were included for discussion in the review out of the 22 articles found to be giving new tray designs. CONCLUSIONS: Different tray designs and impression techniques which can be useful in management of difficult cases causing little discomfort to the patient and help in getting back such patients to a comfortable social living.

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