RESUMEN

AIM: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being declared a global public health emergency has become a significant challenge for all healthcare workers, including dentistry, recognised as a high-risk profession during these times. This consensus statement aims to highlight and provide guidelines necessary to be implemented for a clinical dental practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of nine conservative Dentists and Endodontists and one Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon; with four panelists from government dental colleges, one each from the North, South, East and West India and six resource persons from private colleges in South India, all of them being clinicians and administrators practicing dentistry since the inception of the pandemic, collaborated in this consensus statement. The consensus statement was developed through a symposium conducted on the topics; general dental practice during COVID-19 times, the importance of aerosols in clinical dental practice in the spread of COVID-19, effective standard operating protocols for clinical dental practice and Institutional settings with scientific evidence-based justifications, followed by a panel discussion with to devise mandatory protocols to be followed in clinical and institutional settings. The symposium was attended by 46 practitioners who participated in the deliberation. RESULTS: This consensus statement provides clinicians and researchers with protocols for the dental practice, agreed upon by experts in the field. The Consensus Statement has been formulated according to the AGREE Reporting checklist for the formulation of guidelines. CONCLUSION: The experts and panelists reached a Consensus on the protocols and guidelines for the safe clinical and institutional dental practice.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

AIMS: This study aims to evaluate the bond strength (BS) and microleakage (ML) of the newer bonding agents to enamel and dentin. OBJECTIVE: (1) To analyze the BS between self-etch and total-etch adhesives. (2) To analyze the depth of ML between self-etch and total-etch adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty mandibular premolars were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups: Group I (n = 20)-bonded with self-etch adhesive + nanohybrid, Group II (n = 20) with total-etch adhesive + micro hybrid and Group III (n = 20) with total-etch adhesive + nanocomposite. Teflon ring molds were used to make composite resin cylinders bonded to the buccal surface. Class II box cavity was prepared on the samples' proximal surface and condensed with composite resin with each group's specific bonding protocol. Shear BS and ML testing were conducted, and data analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Kruskal-Wallis analysis was done to statistically differentiate the BS and ML between the three experimental groups; the P < 0.05, it showed a statistically significant difference. Intergroup comparison was made using the Mann-Whitney U test. CONCLUSIONS: Within this study's limitation, resin bonded with self-etch G-Premio Bond used in selective etch technique showed the highest BS and resistance to ML.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Irradiation is known to cause oxidation process among the tissue-altering the properties of teeth leading to tissue necrosis and caries formation. Hence protection of the oral cavity is a major concern to deal with therapy side effects. AIM: Evaluation of wear resistance property of Enamel against electron beam radiation and analysing the radio protective effects of natural organic compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 36 healthy extracted human molar teeth were collected, four samples were used as control, and remaining 32 were divided into four groups (N = 8 each): radiation control group and three groups treated with organic compounds during radiation treatment. The enamel samples were tested for FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, SEM and EDAX analysis before and after 70 Gy radiation treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The particle size of radiation control samples had increased showing decrease in its crystallinity index. Calcium to Phosphorous ratio had also decreased along with structural changes as observed by SEM analysis. But groups treated with organic compounds has maintained tooth integrity in comparable to control groups after radiation treatment. CONCLUSION: Virgin coconut oil, vitamin E oil and curcumin has potential radioprotective action against radiation in protecting tissue properties. Hence, with further advanced research, these natural substances should emerge as a topical applicator during radiotherapy to oral cancer patients.

RESUMEN

AIM: The aim of the present review article is to establish a systematic review to describe the role of various salivary components such as pH, buffering capacity, proteins, electrolyte, antioxidant, enzymes, and minerals in occurrence and initiation of dental caries in participants with and without dental caries. METHODOLOGY: An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The MESH terms (Medical Subject Headings) were "dental caries susceptibility," "caries risk assessment, "Salivary Biomarker," "saliva," "Proteins," "electrolytes," "biomarker," "Anti-oxidant's." The database search was limited to the studies published between 2008 and 2018 and only human studies were included. Furthermore, the STROBE criteria checklist was used to analyze the studies which had to be included in the systematic review. RESULTS: A total of 150 articles were retrieved through electronic database. After evaluating the title, abstract, and full text of these articles, only 11 were selected for the present systematic review. However, two articles were excluded because they were classified as high risk of bias according to the STROBE criteria. Out of 9 studies selected, 5 were classified as low-risk bias and 4 were classified as moderate-risk bias. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the systematic review, out of 11 studies, 7 found to have a statistically significant difference between individuals with and without caries experience. Hence, it can be concluded that there is an association between various components of saliva and dental caries.

RESUMEN

The COVID-19 pandemic, still on the growth curve, has had a devastating effect on the dental health sector for the past 3 months. This has become an area of enormous concern for the dentists professionally and the patients in terms of dental health. Dentistry at this point needs a complete structural change to prevent cross-infection among the patients and dentists owing to the unique characteristic of a dental health-care setting as well as to offer a sense of safety and security to the patients. This article highlights the salient points to be considered for the post-COVID phase in dentistry.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense systems which are widely recognized as an important feature of many diseases including dental caries, suggesting that total antioxidant status may be of importance in determining the progression of caries. AIM: The aim of this study was to estimate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in saliva and serum of caries-free and caries-active adults and to correlate the TAC level with DMFT index (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled, T = teeth). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The present study included 100 healthy adults who were divided into four groups: Control, group I, group II, and group III, with a DMFT index 0, <3, <10, and >10, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva and serum samples were collected from all the four groups. The TAC of saliva and serum was estimated by phosphomolybdenum method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the TAC of saliva and serum. Only differences with "P" < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean TAC level of both saliva and serum increased significantly (P < 0.001) with the DMFT index. CONCLUSION: Total antioxidant capacity of saliva has a linear relation with caries, i.e., as the severity of caries increases, the TAC level also increases.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes severe immunosuppression due to progressive decrease in the CD4 T lymphocyte cells during the course of the disease and this affects all the body systems including glandular secretions. A number of lesions affecting the salivary glands have been noted in HIV infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the salivary pH and the buffering capacity in HIV positive individuals and comparing it with the HIV negative healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 200 HIV positive subjects aged 20-40 years, divided into two groups on the basis of CD4 count and 100 HIV negative healthy individuals as control group. Both unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected and the pH and buffering capacity ascertained using the saliva check kit. (GC Asia Dental Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 508724). RESULTS: All the three groups were compared using the ANOVA and it was found there was highly significant decrease in pH and buffering capacity with increase in immunosuppression. The intergroup comparison was carried out using the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) and the Chi square test. Group 1; CD4 count <200 and Group 2, CD4 count >200 showed a significant decrease in unstimulated salivary flow, stimulated salivary flow, and pH in comparison to HIV negative individuals; however, change in buffering capacity in Group 2 was not significant. CONCLUSION: There is a decrease in pH and buffering capacity in HIV infected patients. This decrease may be one of the factors responsible for increased caries in HIV infected population.