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BACKGROUND: Children with ADHD were found to have language impairment in many studies. The way they use language in their everyday life may be affected, namely, the pragmatic aspect of language. Measuring the affected parameters in all aspects of language will help to reach better rehabilitation. Thus, this study set out to observe relationships between hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention with all language domains in 30 Egyptian Arabic-speaking children with ADHD between 4 and ≤7 years old with the aim of better intervention. Children were evaluated to establish the diagnosis of ADHD and its type following the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V criteria and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised. Language abilities were assessed by the Pre-school Language Scale 4th edition (Arabic version), the Arabic articulation test, and the Egyptian Arabic Pragmatic Language Test. This assessment covered receptive and expressive language abilities and phonological and pragmatic skills. RESULTS: Compared to norms, it was found that the ADHD children who participated in this study had non-significant language delays in the parameters of the modified PLS-4 test. 70 % of the ADHD children had total pragmatic test scores below their 5th percentile, while 30 % of the children had total pragmatic test scores above their 5th percentile. 50 % of ADHD children failed to master certain sounds corresponding to their phonological age. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between each of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores and the receptive, expressive, total language ages, and pragmatic language scores. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD in this study did not show major difficulties in areas beyond what would be expected in normally developing children. Most children with ADHD in the present study had problems with pragmatic language aspects that are correlated positively to ADHD symptoms. 50 % of ADHD children failed to master certain sounds corresponding to their chronological age.
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Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Preescolar , Egipto , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Trastornos del Desarrollo del LenguajeRESUMEN
Although activated adoptive T cells therapy (ATC) is an effective approach for cancer treatment, it is not clear how modulation of T cell activation impacts their biochemical signature which significantly impacts the cell function. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of polyclonal activation on the metabolic signature of T cells from tumor-bearing mice under different settings of treatment with chemotherapy. Thirty female Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/each), Gp1(PBS), groups Gp2 were inoculated intraperitoneal (i.p) with 1 × 106 cells/mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), Gp3-Gp5 were treated with cisplatin (20 mg/mice) which were represented as EAC/CIS/1wk Or EAC/CIS/2wk 3 times every other day. Splenocytes were cultured in or presence of concanavalin-A (Con-A) and IL-2 for 24 h or 72 h, then cells were harvested, and processed to determine the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) enzymes. The results showed that before culture, T cells harvested from EAC/PBS/1wk of mice or inoculated with EAC/CIS/1wk showed higher activity in HK, PFK, LDH, and G6PH as compared to naive T cells. After 24, and 72 h of culture and activation, the enzyme activities in T cells harvested from EAC/CIS/2wk mice or EAC/CIS/3wk mice decreased compared with their control. The late stage of the tumor without chemotherapy gives a low glycolic rate. In late activation, naive and early stages of the tumor with chemotherapy can give high glycolic metabolism. These results show great significance as an application of adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Carcinoma de Ehrlich , Cisplatino , Femenino , Animales , Ratones , Carga Tumoral , Cisplatino/farmacología , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Ascitis , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Velopharyngeal valve closure is essential for adequate speech intelligibility as well as for other activities. The variations in the contribution of different components of the velopharyngeal port walls produce different closure patterns. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to identify the prevalence of the different velopharyngeal closure patterns in Arabic-speaking individuals with no perceived hypernasality or velopharyngeal dysfunction. METHODS: After verification of selection criteria, 100 subjects with age range between 15 and 60 years underwent nasoendoscopic examination and both the extent of movement of the different velopharyngeal walls as well as closure pattern were observed. RESULTS: Almost all participants had grade 4 (full range) velar mobility, most participants had grade 3 lateral pharyngeal wall movement, and none showed any observable posterior pharyngeal wall movement. Coronal closure pattern was the most frequent (75%) among participants followed by circular pattern (25%). There was no statistically significant difference between both genders in the extent of velar and lateral pharyngeal wall movements, yet the frequency of closure patterns differed statistically significantly between males and females. CONCLUSION: Coronal pattern was the most prevalent type of velopharyngeal closure in subjects with normal habitual resonance, of both sexes, yet it occurred more frequently in males.
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Fisura del Paladar , Insuficiencia Velofaríngea , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paladar Blando , Faringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Habla , Insuficiencia Velofaríngea/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: The onset of the pandemic necessitated abrupt transition to telehealth consultations. Although there is a few tools that gauge the patients' perception about their experiences, none of them are contextualized to an emergency in the Middle East and North Africa region. Accordingly, this study aims at developing and validating a tool to address this gap, and deploying it to assess the patients' perception of telehealth services during COVID-19 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A convergent mixed methods design was adapted. A random selection of 100 patients from Dubai, UAE were invited to participate. Qualitative and quantitative datasets were collected using a tailor-made survey. The qualitative data, collected through open-ended questions, was analyzed using multi-staged thematic analysis. As for the quantitative data, it captured the patients' extent of satisfaction, and was assessed using SPSS (with a series of descriptive and inferential analyses). The qualitative and quantitative findings were then merged via joint display analysis. Results: Out of the 100 patients that were randomly selected, 94 patients participated in this study. The reliability score of Cronbach's Alpha for the instrument was 98.9%. The percentage of the total average of satisfaction was 80.67%. The Principal Component Analysis showed that 88.1% of the variance can be explained by the instrument (p < 0.001). The qualitative data analysis expanded upon the quantitative findings enabling a better understanding of the patients' perception. Three themes, revolving around the quality of the patient telehealth experiences, surfaced: "Factors that worked to the benefit of the patients," "Factors that the patients were not in favor of," and "Opportunities for improvements as perceived by the patients." Discussion: This study introduced a novel patient satisfaction with telehealth consultation survey contextualized to the COVID-19 times in Dubai, UAE. The participants were quite satisfied with the quality of their experience, however they suggested areas for improvement. Regional healthcare decision-makers can leverage the identified advantages and opportunities for improvement of telehealth. This will enable making informed decisions regarding the continuity of telehealth irrespective of how matters unfold in relation to the pandemic. It will also better prepare the healthcare sector for potential resurgence(s) of COVID-19 and/or the occurrence of other similar emergencies.
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COVID-19 , Telemedicina , Humanos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Percepción , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
The study aim was to understand the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study was an online-based, cross-sectional survey during July and August 2020. Participants were eligible from the entire country, and 1290 agreed to participate. The majority of HCWs were females aged 30-39 years old, working as nurses, and 80% considered PPE to be available. Twelve percent of respondents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Half of HCWs considered themselves physically tired (52.2%), reported musculoskeletal pain or discomfort (54.2%), and perceived moderate-to-high levels of burnout on at least one of three burnout domains (52.8%). A quarter of HCWs reported anxiety (26.3%) or depression (28.1%). HCWs reporting not having musculoskeletal pain, having performed physical activity, and higher scores of available PPE reported lower scores of anxiety, depression, and burnout. UAE HCWs experienced more access to PPE and less anxiety, depression, and burnout compared with HCWs in other countries. Study findings can be used by healthcare organizations and policymakers to ensure adequate measures are implemented to maximize the health and wellbeing of HCWs during the current COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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COVID-19 , Salud Laboral , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Emiratos Árabes Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This study was designated to explore the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) during chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis (by 1,2- dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, DMH) with/or without the treatment with a targeted (anti-COX-2) therapeutic drug, celecoxib. Two experiments were conducted. The first, a short-term, 16-week mouse colon carcinogenesis bioassay, demonstrates the early stages of colon carcinogenesis. The other is a medium-term, 32-week mouse colon cancer experiment that mimics an end point of colon malignancy. Colon tumors were detected in animals after 32 weeks; histopathologically, they varied from benign hyperplastic polyps and adenomas to dysplastic polyps, adenocarcinomas, and invasive carcinomas. The overall colon tumor incidences, multiplicities, and volumes were obviously reduced when treated with celecoxib after DMH initiation. The immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling indexes (L1%) of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were lower in the colonic epithelium in both experiments after treatment with celecoxib. Also, the IHC expression patterns of CD133 and CD44, known to associate CSCs, showed differential changes depending on the end-point stage of carcinogenesis and celecoxib treatment. Moreover, the biochemical aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH-1) activity levels, a known CSC marker in colonic epithelia, were downregulated after 16 weeks but were upregulated after 32 weeks. Flow cytometric analysis showed that numbers of CD133 cells increased in the colonic epithelia of mice after 16 weeks, while the numbers of CD44 but not CD133 cells increased after 32 weeks. Treatment with celecoxib after DMH induced significant increase in apoptotic cell numbers by 47% after 16 weeks, but these numbers had not changed after 32 weeks compared with the corresponding group treated DMH only. Thus, the specific markers and CSC populations targeted by this drug may vary depending on the genetic and phenotypic stages of carcinogenesis. This drug could be useful during targeted therapy for colon cancer patients.
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Celecoxib/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , 1,2-Dimetilhidrazina/toxicidad , Animales , Carcinogénesis , Carcinógenos , Masculino , Ratones , Células Madre Neoplásicas , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en ProliferaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to standardize an Egyptian Arabic Pragmatic Language Test (EAPLT) using linguistically and socially suitable questions and pictures in order to be able to address specific deficits in this language domain. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Questions and pictures were designed for the EAPLT to assess 3 pragmatic language subsets: pragmatic skills, functions, and factors. Ten expert phoniatricians were asked to review the EAPLT and complete a questionnaire to assess the validity of the test items. The EAPLT was applied in 120 typically developing Arabic-speaking Egyptian children (64 females and 56 males) randomly selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria in the age range between 2 years, 1 month, 1 day and 9 years, 12 months, 31 days. Children's scores were used to calculate the means and standard deviations and the 5th and 95th percentiles to determine the age of the pragmatic skills acquisition. RESULTS: All experts have mostly agreed that the EAPLT gives a general idea about children's pragmatic language development. Test-retest reliability analysis proved the high reliability and internal consistency of the EAPLT subsets. A statistically significant correlation was found between the test subsets and age. CONCLUSION: The EAPLT is a valid and reliable Egyptian Arabic test that can be applied in order to detect a pragmatic language delay.
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Pruebas del Lenguaje , Niño , Lenguaje Infantil , Preescolar , Comprensión , Egipto , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/diagnóstico , Pruebas del Lenguaje/normas , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) during chemicallyinduced rat multi-step colon carcinogenesis with or without the treatment with a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor drug (celecoxib). Two experiments were performed, the first, a short term 12 week colon carcinogenesis bioassay in which only surrogate markers for colon cancer, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) lesions, were formed. The other experiment was a medium term colon cancer rat assay in which tumors had developed after 32 weeks. Treatment with celecoxib lowered the numbers of ACF, as well as the tumor volumes and multiplicities after 32 weeks. Immunohistochemical proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indexes LI (%) were downregulated after treatment by celecoxib. Also different cell surface antigens known to associate with CSCs such as the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD44 and CD133 were compared between the two experiments and showed differential expression patterns depending on the stage of carcinogenesis and treatment with celecoxib. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the numbers of CD133 cells were increased in the colonic epithelium after 12 weeks while those of CD44 but not CD133 cells were increased after 32 weeks. Moreover, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 activity levels in the colonic epithelium (a known CSC marker) detected by ELISA assay were found down-regulated after 12 weeks, but were up-regulated after 32 weeks. The data have also shown that the protective effect of celecoxib on these specific markers and populations of CSCs and on other molecular processes such as apoptosis targeted by this drug may vary depending on the genetic and phenotypic stages of carcinogenesis. Therefore, uncovering these distinction roles of CSCs during different phases of carcinogenesis and during specific treatment could be useful for targeted therapy.
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Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Celecoxib/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1 , Animales , Bioensayo/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Lectina 3 Similar a Ig de Unión al Ácido Siálico/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Phonasthenia is a voice disorder where the larynx looks essentially normal and dysphonia is not heard but felt by the patient. This study aims to use videokymography (VKG) to detect any abnormalities in the vibratory pattern in phonasthenia and to find out whether or not these abnormalities change after vocal loading. METHODS: Thirty-seven phonasthenic patients and 31 normal subjects participated in a detailed protocol, including analysis of subjective complaints and videokymographic quasi-objective parameters (baseline) followed by loading their voices through prolonged loud reading for 45 min. A second evaluation (experimental) was done after loading. RESULTS: Before vocal loading, patients had significantly more symptoms in all questionnaire questions and higher maximum width difference in VKG than controls. When pre- and postloading values were compared, both groups experienced more symptoms after loading (significant in most of the questions), while the pre- and post-VKG parameters did not show significant differences neither in patients nor controls. On comparing their percent change, the only statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was a greater change in the total score of the questionnaire in the control group. CONCLUSION: Patients had more vocal fatigue symptoms and more amplitude asymmetry between left and right vocal folds than normal subjects.
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Intra- or periarticular osteoid osteoma (00) is uncommon, and therefore a diagnostic challenge. Symptoms are: chronic synovitis, decreased range of motion, joint effusion, and joint contracture. Radiographically, the classical perifocal sclerotic margin is often absent, which leads to a significant delay in diagnosis. The authors retrospectively studied 50 cases of intra- and peri-articular OO, treated with percutaneous destruction and alcoholisation. The mean follow-up period was 8.7 years (range, 1 to 15 years). The diagnosis was only made after +/-14 months (range, 8 to 18 months), due to atypical symptoms (nightly pain absent in 38%) and uselessness of plain radiographs (in 100%). CT-scan, contrast enhanced MRI and bone scan brought the solution. The technique was successful in 48 out of 50 cases (96%): incomplete excision occurred in 2 patients. The diagnosis of intra- or periarticular OO should be considered in case of unexplained joint pain where conservative treatment is inefficient.
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Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico , Etanol/uso terapéutico , Osteoma Osteoide/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Calcáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Masculino , Osteoma Osteoide/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteoma Osteoide/terapia , Radiografía Intervencional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The /r/ phoneme is variable in manner and place of articulation, and difficult to correct worldwide. Variability could exist within the same language. The objective of this study was to determine whether Egyptian Cairene /r/ was a trill or a tap and, if both forms were present, whether they were affected by word position or adjacent vowels/consonants. The information obtained was intended to improve correction of /r/ in faulty articulation. Spectrographic analysis was done for 50 Cairene subjects, who produced /r/ in different word positions in carrier phrases. Results have shown presence of both forms in the speech of every subject, but taps were more common than trills. Trills were more common in geminated /r/, in word-medial syllable final position, especially when preceded with /e/, /æ/ or /α/, and in word-medial syllable initial position, especially when preceded by non-back consonants.
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Acústica , Fonética , Acústica del Lenguaje , Medición de la Producción del Habla/métodos , Calidad de la Voz , Egipto , Humanos , Espectrografía del SonidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of intraoperative application of mitomycin C in prevention of glottic restenosis after posterior transverse CO2 laser cordotomy (PTLC) for patients with post-thyroidectomy bilateral vocal fold paralysis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with an impaired airway because of bilateral vocal fold paralysis were treated with PTLC. Patients were divided into groups: the mitomycin C group (13 patients) had PTLC and topical mitomycin C; and the control group (12 patients) had PTLC only. RESULTS: No patients in the mitomycin C group developed glottic granulation or laryngeal scarring, whereas 5 of 12 patients in the control group developed granulation (p = .014) and 2 of 12 patients had laryngeal scarring (p = .28). Ten of 13 patients in the mitomycin C group ended up with mild dyspnea with no limitation to normal everyday activities whereas only a third of the control group achieved this outcome (p = .05). CONCLUSION: The use of topical mitomycin C has been shown to decrease postoperative laryngeal granulation, scarring, restenosis, and the need for revision surgery.
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Alquilantes/administración & dosificación , Cuidados Intraoperatorios , Laringoestenosis/prevención & control , Terapia por Láser , Mitomicina/administración & dosificación , Parálisis de los Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Adulto , Cicatriz/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Láseres de Gas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Recurrencia , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and white muscle of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles (10+/-1.2g) in chronic exposure to sublethal total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were studied. The fish were exposed to the TAN concentrations, 5 mg L(-1) (low) or 10 mg L(-1) (high) for consecutive 70 days at 26+/-0.5 degrees C temperature. At the end of experimental period, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels and the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO), aldehyde oxidase (AO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase (gamma-GCS), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) in liver and white muscle were assayed. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and the activities of the enzymes assayed were significantly increased in liver and white muscle of fish exposed to both low and high TAN levels. The changes in these parameters were intensified at high TAN level. The significance of these alterations in enzyme activities is discussed.
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Amoníaco/toxicidad , Cíclidos/metabolismo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Enzimas/metabolismo , Hígado , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/efectos de los fármacos , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/enzimologíaRESUMEN
The effects of chronic exposure to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations on the brain monoamines and ATPases of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings, were studied. The period of exposure was 70 consecutive days, and the initial weight of the fingerlings was 18+/-2.1g. In addition to the control, three treatment groups exposed to 2.5 (low), 5 (medium), and 10 (high) mg TANL(-)(1) concentrations were tested. The unionized ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)) levels calculated in mgL(-)(1) were 0.059, 0.185, and 0.575 in aquaria at 26 degrees C. The brain monoamines were serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE), as well as their derivatives, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Compared with the controls, the levels of brain monoamines and Na(+)/K(+)- and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were not significantly altered in fish exposed to low TAN concentration. However, there was a significant decrease in 5-HT, DA, and NE levels, and a significant increase in both serotonergic (5-HIAA/5-HT) and dopaminergic (DOPAC/DA) activities of fish exposed to medium TAN and high TAN concentrations. The activities of brain Na(+)/K(+)- and Ca(2+)-ATPases of fish exposed to medium TAN and high TAN concentrations significantly increased, while Mg(2+)-ATPase did not significantly change compared with that of the controls. The quantity of the detected alterations increased in fish exposed to high TAN concentration.
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Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Amoníaco/toxicidad , Monoaminas Biogénicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Amoníaco/sangre , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/metabolismo , Cíclidos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida/efectos de los fármacos , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida/fisiología , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/sangreRESUMEN
Phonological development is a dynamic process that operates on three levels: universal development, specific language development, and specific child development. An intricate relationship between the three factors delineates the course of acquisition of each child's phonemic inventory. This study is designed to investigate the phonemic inventory and the phonological processes used by Arabic Egyptian children in order to evaluate cross-linguistic similarities and differences. Thirty Egyptian children with Cairene dialect, in the age period between 12 and 30 months, were included and divided into three groups, each covering a 6-month interval. A 1-hour tape recording for each child was done, followed by analysis of the phonemic inventory and phonological processes. Phonemic inventories showed universal similarities, with frequent occurrence of stops, nasals, and glides mostly in the form of bilabial and alveolar sounds. This is besides a specific tendency for early frequent production of laryngeal phonemes. Glottal replacement was found to be a common and naturally occurring phonological process, leading to frequent occurrence of glottal stop /U/ in the inventories of Egyptian children. The final position of the word showed the highest degree of correct phoneme production.