RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Titanium mesh cranioplasty is often performed after decompressive craniectomy. Spontaneous fracture of the titanium prosthesis is an extremely rare postoperative complication. Here, we report a 10-year-old boy who presented with a spontaneous fracture of titanium mesh without antecedent head trauma. CASE SUMMARY: A 10-year-old boy presented with a 1-wk history of a tender bulge over the left temporo-parieto-occipital scalp. He had undergone a temporo-parieto-occipital titanium mesh cranioplasty 26 mo previously. He denied antecedent head trauma. Computerized tomography disclosed a perpendicular fissure in the titanium mesh, suggesting a diagnosis of spontaneous titanium mesh fracture. He underwent a second temporo-parieto-occipital cranioplasty and made an uneventful recovery. Three-dimensional modeling and finite element analyses were used to explore potential risk factors of titanium mesh fracture. CONCLUSION: We report a case of spontaneous fracture of a titanium mesh cranioplasty implant. The current case and literature review indicate that titanium mesh implants should be well-anchored to the base of bony defects to prevent fatigue-induced fractures.
RESUMEN
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is an acute infectious disease. The prevalence of PRRS has made swine industry suffered huge financial losses. Matrine, a natural compound, has been demonstrated to possess anti-PRRSV activity in Marc-145 cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were still unknown. The main objective of our study was to discuss the effect of Matrine on PRRSV N protein expression and PRRSV induced apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot were used to assess the effect of Matrine on N protein expression. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence staining. In addition, the effect of Matrine on caspase-3 activation was investigated by Western blot. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Matrine could inhibit N protein expression in Marc-145 cells. And Matrine was found to be able to impair PRRSV-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Apoptosis/inmunología , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/tratamiento farmacológico , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/inmunología , Quinolizinas/farmacología , Alcaloides/uso terapéutico , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Western Blotting/veterinaria , Línea Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Microscopía Fluorescente/veterinaria , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside/inmunología , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/inmunología , Quinolizinas/uso terapéutico , Porcinos , MatrinasRESUMEN
Chickens experimentally infected with Marek's disease virus J-1 strain were used to evaluate the anti-Marek's disease virus (MDV) activity of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) in vivo. Chickens in same group were kept in one pen and control group chickens were housed in negative pressure isolator. Chickens were treated with different dose of STS or ABOB for 21 consecutive days. Peripheral T lymphocyte proliferation, expression level of IFN-γ and IL-10 in serum, and MDV load in spleen were determined. The results showed that the treatments with STS and ABOB could significantly increase stimulating index (SI) of peripheral T lymphocytes while the SI is dropping due to the MDV infection, SI of chickens in STS prevention groups were significantly higher than that in STS treatment group and ABOB group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); IFN-γ and IL-10 level of chickens in STS groups were higher than that in other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of qPCR demonstrated that STS could inhibit the virus replication in spleen of chickens infected with MDV. These findings indicated that STS can be potentially applied as an anti-MDV drug and set a solid basis for further investigating the antiviral mechanisms of STS.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Marek/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenantrenos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antivirales/farmacología , Proteínas Aviares/sangre , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Pollos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Interferón gamma/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Enfermedad de Marek/sangre , Enfermedad de Marek/virología , Fenantrenos/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/sangre , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Bazo/virología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/fisiología , Linfocitos T/virología , Carga ViralRESUMEN
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is an oocyte-derived factor critical for folliculogenesis. Recently, in vitro data showed that GDF9 inhibited the localization of tight junction (TJ) proteins, suggesting that GDF9 could potentially regulate spermatogenesis in vivo, via inhibition of Sertoli cell TJ function. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression and localization of GDF9, its receptor, ALK5, and its latent target protein, claudin-11 (one of TJ proteins) in adult alpaca testis using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting results demonstrated that GDF9, ALK5 and claudin-11 were expressed in the adult alpaca testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that GDF9 was expressed stage-specifically in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids of the adult alpaca seminiferous epithelium. Type I receptor, ALK5 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of round spermatids and Leydig cells, and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Its latent target protein, claudin-11, was perpendicular or parallel to the basal lamina in the basal part of Sertoli cells. These results indicated that GDF9, as a paracrine and autocrine growth factor derived from round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, is involved in regulating spermatogenesis via action on germ cells or somatic cells (i.e. Leydig cells, Sertoli cells).
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Claudinas/metabolismo , Factor 9 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Transformadores beta/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Animales , Western Blotting , Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Receptor Tipo I de Factor de Crecimiento Transformador betaRESUMEN
It is well recognized that the Wnt pathway, in which ß-catenin and Lef-1 are important factors, is associated with many physiological processes, including embryogenesis and postnatal development. The Wnt pathway also plays a critical role in the development of skin. It regulates the formation of the dorsal dermis and epidermal appendages in the skin and the activity of epithelial stem cells. In this study, we investigated the presence and localization of ß-catenin and Lef-1 in murine hair follicles through the first postnatal month, which encompasses the first hair cycle in mice, using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our results show that ß-catenin and Lef-1 are expressed during all stages in a hair cycle, most strongly in the anagen and weakly in the catagen and telogen phases. The results also suggest that the ß-catenin-Lef-1 complex may regulate hair follicle cycling. This process will be of considerable interest to future studies.
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Folículo Piloso/química , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Factor de Unión 1 al Potenciador Linfoide/análisis , beta Catenina/análisis , Animales , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Factor de Unión 1 al Potenciador Linfoide/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) superfamily exerts a wide range of effects on biological events, including spermatogenesis. Smad proteins are downstream signal mediators, which transduce TGF-ß signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. Smad4 protein is the common transducer of the TGF-ß superfamily that participates in the signaling of all the members of TGF-ß superfamily. Smad4 is expressed in the mammalian testis and is believed to play an important role during testicular development and spermatogenesis. Information about Smad4 distribution and function in the testis of birds, including the domestic fowl, is still unclear. In the current study, our objective was to clarify the signal transduction pathway of the TGF-ß superfamily in the regulation of testicular development and spermatogenesis by investigating the expression of Smad4 protein in the testis of newborn, prepuberty, puberty and adult domestic fowl. Cellular localization of Smad4 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Our study revealed that the Smad4 was widely expressed in the fowl testis, mainly immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and germ cells. The presence of Smad4 protein in these testicular cells provides molecular and morphological evidence for TGF-ß signal transduction during testicular development and spermatogenesis.
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Proteína Smad4/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Testículo/metabolismo , Animales , Pollos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Transducción de Señal , Proteína Smad4/análisis , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
As an efficient strategy for gene isolation, map-based cloning has been widely applied and well advanced in crops with small genomes. However, the application of this strategy is challenging in crops with large genomes that are rich in repetitive DNA. Because of the importance of map-based cloning, its basic contents and development are summarized. In particular, the application of this strategy is analyzed and evaluated in large genome crops, and the potential directions of its development are discussed. These help to promote genes cloning in large genome crops.
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Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , ADN de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Genes de Plantas/genética , Genoma de Planta/fisiología , Cromosomas Artificiales Bacterianos , ADN de Plantas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by pronounced inflammation and cell accumulation within affected joints. Beneficial effects of active ingredients of the astragalus root (Radix astrogali) in treatment of immunological diseases have been previously observed, but the mechanisms are not well understood. This study aims to evaluate therapeutic effects and the mechanisms of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats. METHODS: Effects of treatment of AA rats with increasing doses of APS, Tripterygium glycosides (positive control) and saline (negative control) on swelling, arthritic index, synovial cell accumulation, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), synovial apoptosis and immunostaining for Bcl-2 and Bax were determined. RESULTS: APS treatment reduced cell accumulation, swelling and arthritic index of the joints and serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL1-ß in a dose-dependent manner in AA rats. Synovial cell apoptosis was elevated in response to APS treatment and accompanied by increased staining for pro-apoptotic Bax protein and decreased staining for anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. CONCLUSIONS: APS treatment reduced multiple indices of arthritis in rats with AA. Results support further investigation of therapeutic effects of APS in treatment of RA and other autoimmune diseases.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Edema/prevención & control , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Membrana Sinovial/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Artritis Experimental/sangre , Artritis Experimental/inmunología , Artritis Experimental/patología , Planta del Astrágalo , Astragalus propinquus , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/sangre , Edema/inmunología , Edema/patología , Adyuvante de Freund , Glicósidos/farmacología , Inmunohistoquímica , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Masculino , Raíces de Plantas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Membrana Sinovial/inmunología , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismo , Membrana Sinovial/patología , Tripterygium , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Amplified consensus genetic markers (ACGM) is a novel PCR-based DNA molecular marker technique, which is based on the conservation of coding sequences and the potential polymorphism within non-coding sequences in homologous genes among closely related species. Along with the rapid development of comparative genomics and bioinformatics, the ACGM technique has already become a powerful tool for comparing homologous genes, analyzing phylogenetic relationships among species, and mapping of genes of interest. Here, an introduction to ACGM technique, especially its application in Brassica genera and Gramineae, was presented in detail. The prospects of ACGM were also discussed.
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Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Plantas/genética , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Evolución Molecular , Genoma de Planta/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the technique of skull reconstruction for the congenital craniosynostosis. METHODS: Many technique of skull plasty were adopted to correct the congenital craniosynostosis. We advanced fronto-orbital, reversal change of the frontal bone to correct the brachycephalic, hydrocephaly acrocephaly, which were supported by parietal bone. Plum-plasty of the calvaria was performed for sagittal synostosis; Fronto-orbital plasty correct the trigonocephaly; for single coronal synostosis, which result to frontal plagiocephaly,we reversed both frontal sides, advanced orbital strip and tilted the invalid side . The post plagiocephaly because of single Lambdoid synostosis, we performed of plum-plasty, reversal change of total occipital. Fronota-facial advancement cured the brachycephalic complicating with Apert or Crouzon which caused by coronal synostosis and cranial basal suture synostosis. RESULTS: 37 cases were recovery without complication. The figures were improved. CONCLUSIONS: Big calvarial flap plasty is an optimal technique to correct the congenital craniosynostosis. But it is not substituted by bone lengthening and minimally invasive technique.
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Suturas Craneales/anomalías , Craneosinostosis/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Cráneo/cirugía , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Treatments of unilateral lambdoid synostosis and unilateral coronal synostosis. METHODS: Approach to coronal, double frontal flaps were rotated with orbit advancement and anteversion of the frontal to enlarge the volume of ante cranial fossa., and reconstruct the contour of orbit and the frontal. The gap was between the frontal and parietal to reconstruct the coronal suture after fixation and reconstruction of the frontal os. For post plagiocephaly, double rotated occipital flap and plum-plasty flap were performed to reconstruct the occiput. The gap between the parietal and occiput was to reconstruct the lambdoid suture. RESULTS: Eight cases have favourable prognosis with satisfactory contour. CONCLUSIONS: It is optimal to use frontal flap rotation, orbit advancement and frontal anteversion to correct the unilateral coronal synostosis. Bilateral rotated occipital-parietal crossing flap and plum-plasty were performed to reconstruct the occiput. Keeping the gap between the parietal and occiput for reconstruction of the lambdoid suture is suitable to infant.
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Plagiocefalia no Sinostótica/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Cráneo/cirugía , Preescolar , Craneosinostosis/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the technique of total calvaria reconstruction for sagittal synostosis. METHODS: 11 children with sagittal synostosis were treated. The David II procedure was used to reconstruct the calvarial gap in 6 cases; Osteotomies with reversal change was performed on 2 cases; Plum-plasty of the calvaria was performed on 3 cases. RESULTS: The 11 cases were cured with satisfactory head shape. CONCLUSIONS: The David II procedure is applicable for patient of 1 approximately 3 months. The technique of floating skull flap plasty and plum-plasty of the calvaria can be performed on patients older than 3 months.
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Suturas Craneales/anomalías , Craneosinostosis/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
Blood samples from 23 Huacaya alpacas, 3 males and 20 females, were used to study chromosomes and karyotypes, so as to provide some effective cytogenetic bases for the selection, improvement by crossing, disease diagnosis of alpacas, and genetic mechanisms of sex determination. Peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was used to prepare chromosome. A method of trypase-EDTA was used for G-banding. The results showed as follows: The number of diploid chromosomes was 2n=74, with the karyotype 74, XY and 74, XX for males and females respectively. Thirty-six homologous pairs of chromosomes were autosomes, in which chromosomes pairs No.1 to No.20 were acrocentric-subterminal and No.21 to No.36 metacentric-submetacentric. And X chromosome was metacentric, Y chromosome telocentric. The analysis of G-bands showed that bright and dark bands appeared by turn. It showed different bands. And every pair of chromosomes had its distinct band, and the longer the chromosomes, the more the number of bands, and the more clear the bands.
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Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo/genética , Cromosomas de los Mamíferos/genética , Animales , Bandeo Cromosómico , Diploidia , Femenino , Cariotipificación , Masculino , Cromosoma X/genética , Cromosoma Y/genéticaRESUMEN
In the present study, an assay using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was developed for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat. Based on flotation and solvent extraction technology, FTA filter was used to extract S. aureus DNA from artifically contaminated meat. Primers targeting the thermostable nuclease gene (nuc) were used to amplify a 279 bp DNA fragment which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The detection limit of PCR was 10 cfu x g(-1) meat of S. aureus. This novel FTA-PCR assay allows for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat in <6 h, which is 12-24 h less than that of conventional PCR with enrichment method. Seventy-two samples were analyzed and the detection rate using the standard cultivation method was 70.8%, detection time was 5d. The detection rate of PCR amplification using filters was 73.6%, detection time was 6h. The detection rate of Baird-Parker R.P.F method was 69.4%, detection timewas 18 h. The detection rate of petrfilm RSA method was 61.1%, detection time was 18 h. Thus PCR amplification using filters provides a faster and more sensitive method of S. aureus detection than the standard cultivation method. At the same time,it provides an universal process for preparing DNA template.