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By rationally controlling hydrothermal conditions, three new inorganic-organic hybrid polyoxovanadates (POVs) [Ni2(1-vIM)7H2O][V4O12]·H2O (1), [Cu2(1-vIM)8][V4O12]·H2O (2) and [Co(1-vIM)H2O][VO3]2 (3) (1-vIM = 1-vinylimidazole) have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized by single X-ray diffraction (SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analyses (EA). Interestingly, complexes 1 and 2 have similar structures including [V4O12]4- clusters; complex 3, however, was isolated as a structure by including the [VO3]22- cluster under a different synthetic condition compared with those of 1 and 2. Both complexes 1 and 2 display an interesting 3D supramolecular structure, and complex 3 shows a 2D two parallel networks supramolecular structure linked by a [Co2O2] unit due to the different coordination environments of the central metals. Three inorganic-organic hybrid POVs as heterogeneous catalysts are active in the selective oxidation of sulfides to produce sulfoxides or sulfones with high conversion and high selectivity (up to 99.5% for sulfoxides and 98.5% for sulfones respectively catalyzed by 1). Complex 1 is also used as catalyst in the oxidative CEES (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a sulfur mustard simulant) abatement with high activity and selectivity toward the corresponding sulfoxide. Moreover, complex 1 can be reused at least three times in sulfoxidation reactions without losing its activity.

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BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disease that carries a staggering global burden. Although numerous antidepressants are available on the market, unfortunately, many patients die by committing suicide as a result of the therapeutic lag between treatment initiation and the improvement of depressive symptoms. This therapeutic lag highlights the need for new antidepressants that provide rapid relief of depressive symptoms. METHOD: In this review, we discuss the seminal researches on hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in animal models of depression and highlight the substantial evidence supporting the development of rapid-acting antidepressants targeting HCN channels. RESULTS: HCN channels are associated with the risk of depression and targeting HCN channels or its auxiliary subunit tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b) function may exert a rapid antidepressant-like effect. CONCLUSIONS: Compounds acting on HCN subunits or the TRIP8b-HCN interaction site may be excellent candidates for development into effective drugs with rapid antidepressant action.

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Qingkailing (QKL) is a modern preparation exploited according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory. It becomes the second leading cause of adverse drug events (ADEs) in all traditional Chinese medicine injections. The safety evaluation and rational use of QKL are of special importance. This retrospective study used data from Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center of Hubei Province in China from January 2012 to December 2014. ADE cases induced by QKL were collected and analyzed according to patients' demographics, characteristics of drugs involved, characteristics of ADEs, causality, and outcomes. A total of 1330 qualified ADEs were included. Most ADEs occurred within 30 min after administration and the 0-10 years old age group had the highest number of ADEs. The common ADEs included anaphylactic reaction, dyspnea and nausea. Serious reactions accounted for 5.19%. Combination with cephalosporin (74/146, 50.69%) caused more ADEs than other drugs did. Serious attention should be paid when QKL is used for children, and combination with cephalosporin should be avoided.

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Clinical studies that focused on treating schizophrenia showed that Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS), a substitute of Calculus Bovis, when used in combination with haloperidol could significantly lower the dosage of haloperidol compared with treatment with haloperidol alone, whereas efficacy was maintained. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergetic anti-schizophrenia effects in rats using CBS in combination with haloperidol. An open field test was conducted to verify the pharmacodynamic effects of a combination treatment of CBS and haloperidol on MK-801-induced schizophrenic rats. Rat plasma concentrations of intragastric haloperidol and intravenous haloperidol were determined after oral administration of a single dose or 1-week of pretreatment with CBS (50 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic data showed a significant decrease in locomotor activity and an increase in the percentage of the central distance when haloperidol was concomitantly administered with CBS compared with haloperidol administration alone. The AUC0-∞ and Cmax of haloperidol in the orally coadministered groups were significantly higher compared with the oral treatment with haloperidol alone. In conclusion, oral coadministration of CBS with haloperidol resulted in a synergistic effect in rats. The enhanced oral bioavailability of haloperidol when combined with CBS might be attributed to the interaction between them.

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By using G09 program package, the ground-state structures, infrared spectra, NMR spectra, UV-Vis spectra as well as the excited structures and fluorescence/phosphorescence spectra of dipterex and dichlorvos were investigated systematically, and luminescence principles were analyzed with the molecular orbitals to provide the theoretical foundation for the detection of trace dipterex and dichlorvos. Our theoretical model revealed that the IR spectra of dipterex and dichlorvos bear strong absorptions at about 1107 cm(-1), which belong to the P-O stretch modes, but dipterex has strong absorption peaks involving the O-H bond; for UV-Vis spectra, dichlorvos has a strong absorption peak at 182.03 nm, but dipterex has a weak one at 192.42 nm, which are assigned to pipi* and sigmapi* transitions, respectively; the emission spectra of dichlorvos are very weak, and has double fluorescence/phosphorescence characteristics, which may be attributed to the resonance structures of dichlorvos; the fluorescence of dipterex has a unique broad peak at 1849.22 nm, corresponding to the LUMO-->HOMO transition of S1 state.

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In the title compound, C(15)H(12)ClN(5)O, the mean planes of the benzotriazole and chloro-phenyl fragments form a dihedral angle of 70.8 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into infinite chains along the a axis by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds further link these chains into layers parallel to the ab plane. The crystal studied was a racemic twin.

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The two halves of the title compound, [Cu(C(2)H(2)BrO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))], are related by twofold symmetry along the b axis through the central Cu(II) ion. The Cu(II) ion is coordinated by two symmetry-related N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and four O atoms from two 2-bromo-acetate ligands, showing a distorted octahedral geometry. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions link neighbouring mol-ecules.