RESUMEN
Resting gamma-band brain networks are known as an inhibitory component in functional brain networks. Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered as with imbalanced brain networks, the inhibitory component remains not fully explored. The study reported 10 children with ASD and 10 typically-developing (TD) controls. The power spectral density analysis of the gamma-band signal in the cerebral cortex was performed at the source level. The normalized phase transfer entropy values (nPTEs) were calculated to construct brain connectivity. Gamma-band activity of the ASD group was lower than the TD children. The significantly inhibited brain regions were mainly distributed in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Connectivity analysis showed alterations in the connections from key nodes of the social brain network. The behavior assessments in the ASD group revealed a significantly positive correlation between the total score of Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the regional nPTEs of the right transverse temporal gyrus. Our results provide strong evidence that the gamma-band brain networks of ASD children have a lower level of brain activities and different distribution of information flows. Clinical meanings of such imbalances of both activity and connectivity were also worthy of further explorations.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Auditiva , Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Encéfalo , Mapeo Encefálico , Niño , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Vías NerviosasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is considered a bio-psychosocial disorder. The role of psychosocial factors in FD pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS: This study evaluated sleep quality and mood symptoms in patients with FD, assessing the associations of FD severity, disordered sleep, and psychological symptoms. One-hundred-and-fifteen adult patients with typical FD symptoms were enrolled alongside 61 healthy volunteers. Rome III criteria were used to evaluate FD symptoms; sleep disorder was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R) was utilized to determine the status of depression, anxiety and other psychological symptoms. RESULTS: PSQI scores and nine symptomatic dimensions of SCL-90R were significantly higher in FD patients than in controls. Multiple logistic regression indicated that lower BMI, lower level of education, and sleep disturbance were independently associated with FD and FD subgroups. Hostility and phobic anxiety were independent risk factors for FD. Further analysis showed that hostility was an independent risk factor for both FD subgroups, and somatization and additional psychiatric symptoms for epigastric pain syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: We found that FD was associated with sleep disorder and psychopathological factors. These findings suggest that implementing sleeping and/or psychological therapies may help reduce FD symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Dispepsia/psicología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etiología , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Dolor Abdominal/fisiopatología , Dolor Abdominal/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Ansiedad/complicaciones , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/complicaciones , Depresión/psicología , Dispepsia/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Factores de Riesgo , Sueño , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Intracerebroventricular injection of beta-amyloid(25-35) (Abeta(25-35)) in mice leads to cognitive deficits with the dysfunction of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) within 1-2 weeks in a dose-dependent manner. The present study focused on the effect of DMXB, a selective alpha7nAChR agonist, on Abeta(25-35) (3 nmol)-impaired spatial memory and alpha7nAChR function. We found that the treatment with DMXB on days 1-10 after Abeta(25-35) injection dose-dependently prevented Abeta(25-35)-induced impairment of acquisition performance and probe trail test in Morris water maze. Importantly, the treatment with DMXB (1 mg/kg) perfectly prevented Abeta(25-35)-induced depression of alpha7nAChR response, which was associated with improving the probability of presynaptic glutamate release and the induction of high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal Schaffer collaterale-CA1 synapse. Furthermore, although either the basal level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) or its phosphorylation in the hippocampus had no difference between control and Abeta(25-35) mice, the Abeta(25-35) injection significantly attenuated HFS-triggered increase in ERK2 phosphorylation. The treatment with DMXB also rescued the ERK2 phosphorylation triggered by HFS in Abeta(25-35) mice that is required for LTP induction. This study firstly provides in vivo evidence that the anti-amnesic effect of DMXB is likely due to preventing the Abeta(25-35)-induced dysfunction of alpha7nAChR.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos beta-Amiloides , Compuestos de Bencilideno/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Agonistas Nicotínicos/uso terapéutico , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Receptores Nicotínicos/metabolismo , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Conocimiento/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Conocimiento/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Potenciales Evocados/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Plasticidad Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Percepción Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To compare the efficacy and safety of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) combined with fluoxetine, with HRT alone, in post-menopausal women suffering from depression. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, parallel trial was applied. HRT was administered to all patients for 2 cycles, with 14 days of estrogen therapy and 14 days of estrogen plus progesterone. Patients who were randomly assigned to the HRT plus fluoxetine group were given fluoxetine in combination with HRT. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI), and Clinical Global Impressions scale were used to measure the efficacy. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three post-menopausal patients with depression were enrolled in the study. Among them, 120 had at least one post-treatment visit and entered into the statistical analysis. The mean total HAMD scores were significantly lower, and the percentages of HAMD score reductions were higher in the HRT plus fluoxetine Group compared with the HRT Group, after at least 3 weeks of treatment, with an average difference of 5 points at the endpoint. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores were significantly different in the 2 groups, in favor of the combination therapy. The mean total KMI was significantly lower in the Combination Group compared with the HRT Group, after at least 6 weeks of treatment, with an average 4.5-point difference between the groups. No statistically significant differences were found in most of the adverse events reported in the Combination Group compared with the HRT group, with the exception of 3 symptoms, i.e., dry mouth, loss of appetite, and abdominal distention. They were mild to moderate in severity. Two patients in the HRT group, but none in the combination group, dropped out due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: HRT plus fluoxetine therapy was effective in the treatment of menopausal depression with a satisfactory safety profile.