RESUMEN

Wolbachia, known for its reproductive manipulation capabilities in insects, are being implemented to control dengue and chikungunya. To understand Wolbachia biology and its utility as a bio-control for vector mosquito's populations, we investigated its dissemination pattern in field in collected Ae. albopictus along with its maternal transmission efficacy over generations in regions of endemic dengue (DENV) transmission. Field collected Ae. albopictus were subjected to PCR for Wolbachia screening. Overall mean Wolbachia infection frequency in Ae. albopictus was found out to be 87.3% wherein a trend was observed in the pattern of maternal transmission across generations. χ2 for trend revealed a significant variation between Wolbachia infections and non-infections in Ae. albopictus generations. Linear regression analysis revealed the involvement of a strong negative correlation, implying that overall Wolbachia infection tends to decrease in places with high dengue cases.The reduction in Wolbachia infection frequency may be attributed to several environmental factors with the probability of being the cause for endemicity of dengue in the studied areas.This study reports on the transmission efficacy of naturally occurring Wolbachia in successive generations of Ae. albopictus and its correlation with dengue cases in clusters of Odisha, India. Studying the transmission trend of Wolbachia along with transovarial transmission of DENV might be indicative towards the interplay of Wolbachia infection in presence/absence of DENV.

Asunto(s)

Aedes , Dengue , Wolbachia , Animales , Dengue/epidemiología , Dengue/prevención & control , Mosquitos Vectores , Prevalencia , Wolbachia/genética

RESUMEN

DNA extraction from filter paper by using different methods was compiled through a thorough review of many research articles published in various journals. When performing malaria epidemiological surveys in remote area, it is difficult to collect blood samples and transport it. In field particularly in remote area where facilities for storing and processing of samples does not exist, there surveillance and diagnosis of malaria is very difficult. In this review we are focused upon four simple methods of DNA isolation from the field collected blood and mosquito abdomen blood meal spotted on Whatman No. 1 or No. 3 filter paper. The main DNA isolation methods are Chelex-100, Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer; Methanol based DNA extraction and Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) using Lysis buffer and Phenol-Chloroform method. Efforts have been taken to identify the methods which are cost-effective and take less time to extract DNA from dried blood spots (DBS) and whole mosquitoes. The purpose of this paper is to update the knowledge and find a method to extract DNA from DBS which will be specific, rapid, cost-effective, less time consuming and feasible for epidemiological survey in remote area.

RESUMEN

Wolbachia is gram negative obligate endosymbiont known for reproductive manipulation in the host. It is important to study the presence of natural Wolbachia in mosquitoes which can later help in understanding the effect of transfected strain on indigenous strain. With this view, the present study is undertaken to focus on the prevalence, diversity, infection frequencies, phylogeny and density of indigenous Wolbachia strains in wild mosquito species of Odisha. Our study confirms Wolbachia presence in Ae. albopictus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. gelidus, Ar. subalbatus, Mn. uniformis, and Mn. indiana. Wolbachia in the above mosquitoes were separated into two supergroups (A and B). Ae. albopictus, the major vector of dengue and chikungungunya had both super-infection and mono-infection. The ovaries of Ae. albopictus were highest in density of Wolbachia as compared to midguts or salivary glands. wAlBA and wAlbB density were variable in mosquitoes of F1 generation for both the sex and at different age. We also found that Wolbachia super-infection in females tends to increase whereas wAlbA density reduced completely as compared to wAlbB in males when they grew old. Giemsa stained squashed ovaries revealed pink pleomorphic Wolbachia cells with different shapes and forms. This study is unique in its kind covering the major aspects of the endosymbiont Wolbachia and focusing on its potential as a biocontrol agent in arboviral outbreaks. Knowledge on potential of the indigenous strain and interactions between Wolbachia and viruses can be utilized further to reduce the global burden of vector borne diseases.

Asunto(s)

Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , Dengue/prevención & control , Mosquitos Vectores/microbiología , Wolbachia/fisiología , Aedes/microbiología , Animales , Agentes de Control Biológico , Dengue/transmisión , Femenino , India , Masculino , Mosquitos Vectores/clasificación , Ovario/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Glándulas Salivales/microbiología , Simbiosis , Wolbachia/genética

RESUMEN

Bacillus tequilensis strain CH had been previously shown to produce a biosurfactant. In this study, chemical structure of the purified biosurfactant was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy as a 10 amino acid cyclic lipopeptide (CL). The cyclic lipopeptide was found to be active against Anopheles culicifacies larvae with a LC50 of 110 µg/ml in 2 days. 1 ppm cadmium (Cd) which had a profound mutagenic effect on the cell division of onion (Allium cepa) root tip cell resulting in abnormal metaphase, abnormal anaphase and nuclei elongation was partially reversed in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml of CL (52% cells dividing normally and 8% with abnormal division) and was comparable to control experiment where no Cd was present. Thus, the CL described in this report may have applications in eliminating larvae from water repository systems and in reversing the effects of cadmium pollution.