RESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the study is to investigate whether adiposity markers, insulin resistance and prediabetes are associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged men and women without diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 11,115 adults without diabetes (34-64 years old). Cognitive performance was tested by word-list learning, word-list delayed recall, word recognition tests, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tests and trail making test B. Linear regression models and generalized linear regression with logarithmic links between the cognitive tests and anthropometric indicators (body mass index [BMI]), insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]), and prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance) were stratified by sex. The results were adjusted for age, education, comorbidities, health-related behaviors, waist circumference, and lipids. RESULTS: Among women, higher BMI was associated with poorer performance on phonemic verbal fluency test (ß-0.02 [-0.04; -0.01]) and memory tests (ß-0.05 [-0.07; -0.02]). Higher HOMA-IR was associated with poorer cognitive performance in memory (ß-0.11 [-0.19; -0.01]) and phonemic verbal fluency tests (ß-0.12 [-0.20; -0.04]). In men, HOMA-IR (ß-0.15 [-0.25; -0.04]) and prediabetes (ß-0.35 [-0.69; -0.03]) were associated with poorer performance on memory tests. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association of BMI and HOMA-IR with cognitive performance in young and middle-aged adult women without diabetes. In men, we found an association between HOMA-IR and prediabetes and poorer performance on memory tests.
Asunto(s)
Adiposidad/fisiología , Cognición/fisiología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Estado Prediabético/fisiopatología , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This review analyzes the literature concerning gut peptides and bariatric surgery, from 2005 to July 2009. In particular, we are interested in whether, and how, gastrointestinal peptide alterations following surgery interfere with appetite/satiety, and what role they might play in the resolution of comorbidities. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURE: PubMed/MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge were used to search for human studies concerning gut peptides profiles after any bariatric operation technique. RESULTS: Most of the studies reviewed had longitudinal design, short follow-up, and low statistical power. The diversity of study results may be partially explained by methodological aspects. Glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory peptide, and peptide YY alterations may contribute to the excellent results in glycemic control of diabetics. Results do vary depending on bariatric operation technique; this is particularly evident in the case of ghrelin, which has been much studied in recent years. Ghrelin suppression has been linked to increased satiety, alterations in energy homeostasis, and better glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of long-term data on gastrointestinal hormone profiles after bariatric surgery and the studies have many methodological pitfalls. We still need prospective, long-term, good methodological studies in this area.
Asunto(s)
Regulación del Apetito , Cirugía Bariátrica/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Hormonas Gastrointestinales/metabolismo , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Hormonas Peptídicas/metabolismo , Saciedad , Metabolismo Energético , Polipéptido Inhibidor Gástrico/metabolismo , Ghrelina/metabolismo , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Humanos , Obesidad Mórbida/complicaciones , Obesidad Mórbida/metabolismo , Péptido YY/metabolismoRESUMEN
Absorbable synthetic suture material (Vicryl, PDS) alone was used for wound closure in 1860 surgical interventions on the skin. The PDS suture is totally inert in intracutaneous tissue, and proved superior to the Vicryl suture. In combination, PDS sutures can also be used intracutaneously as well as conventionally. Additional advantages of absorbable material are the possibility of meandering and everted stitches in continuous intracutaneous sutures, no need for removal in most cases, and avoidance of intracutaneous scar dehiscences because of the good durability of the suture material.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Poliésteres , Poliglactina 910 , Polímeros , Suturas , Adulto , Cicatriz , Femenino , Humanos , Melanoma/cirugía , Polidioxanona , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Técnicas de Sutura , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
One hundred and fifty-two cases of changes in diagnosis of 'schizophrenia', 'endogenous depression' and 'psychopathia' in the course of illness, are statistically analyzed in regard to tendency of changes of diagnosis, sex, symptomatics and syndromatics, age of onset and duration of cycles. The changes of diagnosis show a clear tendency in favour of the diagnosis of 'schizophrenia' as opposed to 'psychopathia'. Among the cases with changed diagnoses, women are significantly over-represented. On the level of symptomatics, few significant changes of symptom frequencies can be found. More information can be obtained in the analysis on syndromatics: four out of six groups show significant changes in the intensity of syndromes; on the basis of similarities in syndrome profiles, derived from materials which are diagnostically homogeneous, the actual diagnostic components can be evaluated. The analysis of the age of onset shows significant differences of means corresponding to the expectations of the hypothetic diagnostic components. Regarding duration of cycles, significant differences of means between the groups are not to be found.