RESUMEN
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using radiological measurements and longitudinal data analysis. OBJECTIVE: We aim to explore hip/pelvic geometry on anteroposterior radiographs and examine if such parameters are associated with clinical symptoms. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Pregnancy-related sacroiliac joint pain is a common disease and is responsible to the disability of daily activities. The etiology is likely to be correlated with the biomechanical factors which are determined by trunk load and hip/pelvic geometry. Previous studies have already found the association between symptoms and weight increase during pregnancy. However, the relationship between bony anatomy and pregnancy-related sacroiliac joint pain remains unknown. METHODS: In total, 72 women were included in the final analysis. In pregnant women with self-reported sacroiliac joint pain, pain scores at 12, 24, 30, and 36 weeks of pregnancy were recorded and included in a mixed-effect linear regression model as dependent variables. The radiological measurements were included as independent variables. Furthermore, to investigate the relationship between hip/pelvic geometry and the activity-specific nociceptive phenomenon, the radiological measurements between patients with and without activity-induced pain were compared using a binominal logistic regression model. RESULTS: The relative bilateral is chial tuberosity distance (betta coefficient: 0.078; Pâ=â0.015) and the relative bilateral femoral head length (betta coefficient: 0.011; Pâ=â0.028) showed significant interactions with the slope of pain scores. Moreover, women whose pain exacerbate during prolonged walking had a higher odds in hip/pelvic geometry of the bilateral ischial tuberosity distance (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12; Pâ=â0.050) and the bilateral femoral head length (OR: 1.16; Pâ=â0.076) with approximately significant P-value. CONCLUSION: These data indicate hip/pelvic anatomical variations are associated with the degree of pain increasing and the activity-specific pain during pregnancy, which may help to have further understanding on the biomechanical factor in developing pregnancy-related sacroiliac joint pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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Artralgia/etiología , Cabeza Femoral/anatomía & histología , Articulación de la Cadera/anatomía & histología , Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Articulación Sacroiliaca , Adulto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Cabeza Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Nocicepción , Dimensión del Dolor , Huesos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo , Radiografía , Caminata , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the impact of drinking and smoking behavior on the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases among male employees aged 20-46 years. Twenty years of follow-up data of male employees enrolled in the DENSO Health Insurance Program were used for analyses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Of 29,048 male employees aged 20-46 years who were enrolled in the insurance program in 1994, 25,084 (86.4%) employees underwent annual health check-ups until 2003 without missing an appointment. Of these 25,084 employees, the data of 11,784 (40.6%) employees who self-reported drinking and smoking habits were used for analyses. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing cerebrovascular disease in 2004-2013 were calculated in four risk groups categorized as per drinking and smoking behavior in the young group who were in their 20s and the middle-aged group who were in their 30s-40s in 1994. Based on their drinking behavior, participants were categorized into two groups: "not drinking or drinking sometimes" and "drinking every day." Based on their smoking behavior, participants were also categorized into two groups: "not smoking for 10 years" and "smoking for 10 years." RESULTS: A Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that after controlling for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and age, the hazard ratios for "smoking and drinking every day" were 3.82 (95% CI: 1.40-10.41) in the young group and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.27-4.17) in the middle-aged group. DISCUSSION: Male employees who had been drinking and smoking for 10 years had a higher risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases. To prevent cerebrovascular diseases among male employees, it may be effective to offer behavior change interventions for both drinking and smoking habits, regardless of the age group.
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/etiología , Salud Laboral , Fumar/efectos adversos , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Terapia Conductista , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In order to prevent ischemic heart disease in working adult males, we analyzed risk factors by age groups based on data from an eight-year follow-up study of male employees enrolled in the Denso Health Insurance Program. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Of the 27,945 male employees aged 30 to 55 enrolled in the program in 2003, the data of 19,742 (70.6%) who underwent regular health checkups were analyzed. Information obtained from health insurance claims for hospitalization and cause of death from discontinuation data were used to analyze risk factors for ischemic heart disease by age group. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS: In males aged 30-39 years, a BMI of 25.0-27.5 was associated with a 2.21 higher risk of ischemic heart disease (95%CI: 1.01-4.84) than those not overweight (BMI of <25.0); LDL of 160 mg/dl or more was associated with a 3.85 higher risk (95%CI:1.62-9.14) than LDL of less than 120 mg/dl; and FPG of 160 mg/dl or more was associated with a 6.43 higher risk (95%CI: 1.02-40.63) than a FPG of less than 110 mg/dl. For males aged 40-55 years, higher LDL was a risk factor of ischemic heart disease (1.95 (95%CI: 1.28-2.98) and 1.97 (95%CI: 1.34-2.90) for LDL of more than 160 mg/dl and 140-159 mg/dl, respectively), compared to those with LDL of less than 120 mg/dl. In the same age group, compared to those unaffected, the risk of ischemic heart disease was 1.94 times higher (95%CI: 1.27-2.97) and 1.61 times higher (95%CI: 1.08-2.40) for those treated for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, respectively. Furthermore, compared to non-smokers, those smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day had 3.12 higher risk (95%CI: 1.21-8.06) and 1.81 higher risk (95%CI: 1.25-2.62) of ischemic heart disease in the 30-39 and 40-55 years age groups, respectively. Interaction effects with age group were not significant. DISCUSSION: In males aged 30-39 years having a high BMI, LDL, FPG, and smoking more than 20 cigarettes increased the risk of ischemic heart disease. For males aged 40-55 years taking medication for hypertension and hyperlipidemia increased the risk. To prevent ischemic heart disease during the prime of life, offering support for weight control and stopping smoking is necessary in younger age groups. Moreover, implementing a long-term risk management plan to prevent the onset of hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia is also important.
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Isquemia Miocárdica/prevención & control , Salud Laboral , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Glucemia , Índice de Masa Corporal , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus , Ayuno , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias , Hipertensión , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Factores de Riesgo , Gestión de Riesgos , Factores Sexuales , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) of men in their 20s and the effects of subsequent changes in body weight upon medication rates, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and medical costs in their 40s. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 10,125 men who were in their 20s in 1989 were recruited as subjects and grouped according to their BMI and a combination of BMI and increase in body weight over a 20-year period. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate subsequent medication rates, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and consultation rate. Analysis of covariance was performed for mean medical costs on the basis of the BMI value in their 20s. All data were adjusted for age in 1989 and changes in body weight over the subsequent 20 yr. RESULTS: A mean increase of 7 kg in body weight was observed over the 20-year period. Medication rates and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the men in their 40s increased significantly in correlation with the BMI values in their 20s (men with higher BMI showed higher medication and symptom prevalence rates). The 25.0 or higher BMI group showed a 6.81-fold higher prevalence of hypertension and a 16.62-fold higher prevalence of diabetes than the 18.5-19.9 BMI group. Similarly, men with higher BMI values in their 20s incurred greater outpatient and total medical costs in their 40s. The mean total medical costs in 2009 of men in the 18.5 or lower BMI group in their 20s was 818.7 yen and that for men in the 25.0 or higher BMI group was 5,311.5 yen. Furthermore, men in their 40s showed increased risk of hypertension and diabetes, if their body weight increased by 10 kg or more in the subsequent 20 yr, even when they had BMI values between 20.0 and 24.9 in their 20s. DISCUSSION: Men with high BMI values in their 20s showed higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and incurred greater medical costs in their 40s. Even men with a BMI of less than 25.0 in their 20s, showed increases in the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes which were dependent on their weight gain in the subsequent years. Healthcare activities in Japanese corporations based on lifetime employment should promote anti-obesity strategies among young employees and help not only those employees who are obese but also those who are not controlling their weight.