RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the health of University of Karachi students (aged 19 to 21) by observing the correlation of haemoglobin level with underweight BMI. METHODS: In this study 151 students were enrolled from the Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Sindh Pakistan. Blood samples were collected and Haemoglobin estimation was performed by Sahli's Haemoglobinometer. BMI of each student was calculated as per WHO criteria for South Asian. RESULTS: Out of 151 students, 60 (39.7%) students had anaemia, among which 41(27.1%) were showing grade 1 anaemia and 19(12.5%) were showing grade 2 anaemia. BMI results showed that 50 (33.1%) students were underweight whereas, 19(12.5%) students were overweight and 12( 7.9%) students were obese. Correlation showed that 34 (22.5%) students had anaemia with underweight BMI. CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that anaemia with underweight BMI is more prevalent among females especially adolescent girls. This could be as they followed poor dietary habits and had some infections. This data evaluated the health status of University students on a small scale.
Asunto(s)
Anemia , Universidades , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Pakistán/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudiantes , Delgadez/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is a common skin colonizer as well as opportunistic pathogen causing serious diseases including bacteremia, endocarditis and a number of different infections. It has a unique ability to swiftly respond and develop resistance for every other antibiotic introduced against it. The prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus is increasing on an alarming rate, which not only restrains the treatment options but the economic deprivation sustained due to infections of this superbug are incomputable. In our study, antimicrobial resistance patterns for 13 different antibiotics were evaluated in non-duplicate isolates of MSSA and MRSA isolated from different clinical samples (i.e. urine, pus, HVS, blood, tissue, wound and ear swabs). Most cultures were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin and erythromycin (88% each), while resistances against oxacillin, fosfomycin, cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin were also worrisome. No strain was sensitive to all antibiotics. Resistance levels of MSSA against ampicillin, erythromycin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid were also high. Least level of resistance was observed in case of vancomycin. Only 12% isolates were resistant to vancomycin, among which 24 were MRSA and 6 was MSSA.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteriemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
In recent years, silver nanoparticles have gained attention because of their high surface area to volume ratio that makes them more advantageous than their bulky counterparts. Apart of chemical and physical methods of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production, green synthesis is being exploited by the researchers. Aspergillus niger are among some fungi being used in fabrication of silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activities are being studied. We have experimented using A. niger Gin for extracellular silver nanoparticle synthesis. Characterization of AgNPs was done by UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM-EDS.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Plata/farmacología , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is a common skin colonizer as well as opportunistic pathogen causing serious diseases including bacteremia, endocarditis and a number of different infections. It has a unique ability to swiftly respond and develop resistance for every other antibiotic introduced against it. The prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus is increasing on an alarming rate, which not only restrains the treatment options but the economic deprivation sustained due to infections of this superbug are incomputable. In our study, antimicrobial resistance patterns for 13 different antibiotics were evaluated in non-duplicate isolates of MSSA and MRSA isolated from different clinical samples (i.e. urine, pus, HVS, blood, tissue, wound and ear swabs). Most cultures were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin and erythromycin (88% each), while resistances against oxacillin, fosfomycin, cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin were also worrisome. No strain was sensitive to all antibiotics. Resistance levels of MSSA against ampicillin, erythromycin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid were also high. Least level of resistance was observed in case of vancomycin. Only 12% isolates were resistant to vancomycin, among which 24 were MRSA and 6 was MSSA.