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Constrictive amniotic band syndrome (CABS) is a rare condition which occurs sporadically and should not be compared with a syndrome as it is known from genetics. However, since the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, some theories suggest genetics playing a role. Even though CABS is rare it is associated with a high risk of foetal death as seen in 1/70 of these cases. The diagnostics start with ultrasound of the pregnant woman, and if this leads to suspicion of CABS it is possible to supplement with 3D ultrasound or MRI to verify. The treatment involves either in utero or postnatal surgery depending on the case, as argued in this review.

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This review summarises the current knowledge of treatment strategies in traumatic extracranial facial nerve injuries. Facial nerve injuries cause significant psychologic and functional morbidity. We present a guideline for the clinical management including physical examination and surgical treatment. To regain mimetic function after facial nerve injuries it is crucial to ensure that microsurgical reconstruction is completed preferably within 24 hours, and no later than 72 hours from the time of accident.

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In this case report, a 17-year-old female underwent microsurgical exploration and neurorrhaphy after a glass pane accident resulting in traumatic lesion of the right temporal facial nerve branch. Nine months after reconstruction she had regained function of the frontalis muscle. When patients with traumatic facial nerve injuries are admitted to hospital, it is crucial to consult with a microsurgical center to ensure that reconstruction is completed within 24-72 hours from the time of accident to regain mimetic function.

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Traumatic lacerations are a common reason for seeking care at the emergency departments. Clinical guidelines for treatment of traumatic lesions are not the same at all hospitals. Traumatic lacerations are often sought to be sutured within six hours which is characterized as the "golden period". However, this rule is based on an animal experiment conducted by Paul Leopold Friedrich in 1898. Several studies have confirmed that delays in wound closure rarely cause infection as summarised in this review. Wound length and depth, contamination of the wound and diabetes are found to be risk factors for wound infection.

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An 18-year-old man presented with a fast-growing tumor of the right ala nasi. We excised the tumor and histology report revealed a keratoacanthoma with clear margins. After surgery, the patient was left with a composite defect of 3 × 2 cm. For reconstruction, we used an expanded prelaminated forehead flap with a durable cartilage graft from the ribcage and a turnover flap for inner lining. Our technique had a pleasing end result and excellent patient satisfaction.

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This case report presents a 39-year-old woman with Mondor's disease in the left chest wall six months after excision of a malignant melanoma in the left lumbar region, with sentinel lymph node-biopsy from the left axilla. Mondor's disease is a rare, benign and self-limiting superficial thrombophlebitis, which can appear after surgery on the breast or thorax. Aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and disease course are reviewed.

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Some obese individuals are able to lose weight through dietary changes and exercise, others do so with the help of bariatric surgery. There is a significantly increased risk of post-operative complications after body contouring surgery in post-bariatric patients compared to non-bariatric. Malnutrition/malabsorption is a possible explanation. This article examines the major abnormalities seen in protein, vitamin and trace elements in patients who have undergone gastric bypass, and their implications for following plastic surgery.

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A rapidly growing mass in the breast may be stressful for both parents and child as the suspicion of malignancy arises. The purpose of this case report is to draw attention to the fact that most emerging lesions of the breast in girls during puberty are benign. This case report presents a ten-year-old girl with a rapidly growing tumour in the breast. The tumour turned out to be a giant juvenile fibroadenoma, which is rare and benign. Differential diagnosis, investigation and management are reviewed.

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BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is a way to achieve lasting weight loss in the obese. Body contouring surgery seeks to alleviate some of the discomfort caused by the excessive loose skin following massive weight loss. Higher complication rates are described in this type of surgery when done post-bariatric. The purpose of this article is to compare complication rates of body contouring surgery when performed on patients with weight loss due to bariatric surgery compared to patients who lost weight due to dietary changes and/or exercise. METHODS: A total of 253 studies were identified by searches in PubMed/Medline databases as well as two hand-search strategies. Three levels of screening resulted in seven studies being considered suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. All statistical calculations were performed with Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.2.3. RESULTS: The fixed-effects pooled risk ratio (RR) of developing complications after body contouring surgery when comparing post-bariatric and non-bariatric patients is 1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-1.96; P < 0.00001; I(2) = 48%) showing that there is a 60% increase in the risk of developing complications if the patient lost weight due to surgery. A subgroup analysis of studies with patients only having one body contouring procedure shows an 87% higher increase in the risk of developing a complication when being post-bariatric (RR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.46-2.40; P < 0.00001; I(2) = 0%). If we exclusively look at the studies with a less uniform patient population that included patients who had one procedure performed as well as patients who had several procedures performed, there seems to be a non-significant 4% lower risk of developing a complication in the case of post-bariatric patients compared to the non-bariatric patients (RR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.65-1.42; P = 0.84; I(2) = 0%). CONCLUSION: The analysis shows a 60-87% increased risk of complications in the post-bariatric group compared to the non-bariatric group with statistical significance.

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