RESUMEN
In this study, the effect of the methanol extract of Indigofera pulchra Willd. (Papillionaceae) was investigated against castor oil induced diarrheoa. Its effects on perfused isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum were also evaluated. The extract produced a dose-dependent protection against the castor oil-induced diarrheoa in mice with the highest protection (100%), obtained at 200 mgkg-1 comparable to that of loperamide (5 mgkg-1), a standard antidiarrhoeal drug. The extract (0.4 - 6.4 mgml-1) produced a concentration relaxation of the rabbit jejunum. However, no observable effect was noticed when the guinea pig ileum was treated. The extract blocked the contractile effect of acetylcholine (2 × 10-8 gml-1) and histamine (4 × 10-7 gml-1) on both rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) value for the extract was found to be 2154.0 mgkg-1. The results obtained revealed that the extract possesses pharmacologically active compounds with gastrointestinal relaxant and antidiarrhoeal activities and may possibly explain the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorder.
RESUMEN
Phytochemical screening was carried out on the ethylacetate portion of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pseudocedrella kotschyii and then evaluated for its analgesic (acetic acid-induced writhing) and anti-inflammatory (raw egg albumin-induced oedema) activities in mice and rats respectively. Phytochemical screening of the ethylacetate partition portion of ethanolic extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and tannins as major chemical constituents. Alkaloids saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids were not dictated in the extract. The ethylacetate extract (50 and 100 mg/kg i.p) exhibited significant activity (p<0.05) against acetic acid-induced writhing in a dose dependent manner. In the anti-inflammatory activity the ethylacetate extract (50 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) caused a slight effect against the raw egg albumin-induced oedema. The effect was however observed not to be dose dependent. All these effects were compared with standard drug piroxicam (20 mg/kg i.p.).
RESUMEN
Phytochemical screening was carried out on the ethylacetate portion of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pseudocedrella kotschyii and then evaluated for its analgesic (acetic acid-induced writhing) and anti-inflammatory (raw egg albumin-induced oedema) activities in mice and rats respectively. Phytochemical screening of the ethylacetate partition portion of ethanolic extract revealed the presence of flavonoids; glycosides and tannins as major chemical constituents. Alkaloids saponins; cardiac glycosides; steroids were not dictated in the extract. The ethylacetate extract (50 and 100 mg/kg i.p) exhibited significant activity (p0.05) against acetic acid-induced writhing in a dose dependent manner. In the anti-inflammatory activity the ethylacetate extract (50 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) caused a slight effect against the raw egg albumin-induced oedema. The effect was however observed not to be dose dependent. All these effects were compared with standard drug piroxicam (20 mg/kg i.p.)
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos , Antiinflamatorios , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
The n-butanol soluble part and four chromatographic fractions of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the leaves of Daniellia oliveri were investigated for antimicrobial properties. All fractions showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. A chromatographic fraction showed significant activity against the fungus Tricophyton rubrum.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Caesalpinia , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Trichophyton/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Two phospholipase enzymes NN1 and NN2 were purified from the venom of Naja nigricolis nigricolis Reinhardt to apparent homogeneity. NN1 was purified by a two-step anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column while NN2 was purified by a combination of anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The enzyme NN1 moved homogenously on acrylamide gel as a monomer with a molecular weight of 65 kDa while NN2 was a dimer of 71 kDa. Both enzymes were clearly separated. Both enzymes hydrolyzed L-alpha-phosphatidyl choline with activities of 345.5 for NN1 and 727.8 micromol min(-1) x mg(-1) for NN2. The dimeric 71-kDa enzyme has a higher haemolytic and anticoagulant activity than the monomeric 65-kDa enzyme. It is apparent that the dimeric enzyme has a more pronounced activity than the monomer has, thus toxic activity may be related to the hydrolysis of phospholipids.
Asunto(s)
Venenos Elapídicos/enzimología , Fosfolipasas A/aislamiento & purificación , Fosfolipasas A/metabolismo , Animales , Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Bovinos , Cromatografía en Gel , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico/métodos , Dimerización , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/aislamiento & purificación , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/farmacología , Peso Molecular , Fosfolipasas A/química , Fosfolipasas A/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Cyperus articulatus is an insect repellant plant commonly found in Northern Nigeria and used traditionally in pest control. The light petroleum and methanol extracts of the plant's rhizome were evaluated against Tribolium casteneum Hbst (the red flour beetle) using standard techniques. The methanol extract showed more antifeedant property than the light petroleum extract, while both the extracts were observed to have similar repellant actions.
Asunto(s)
Escarabajos , Conducta Alimentaria , Insecticidas , Plantas Medicinales/química , AnimalesRESUMEN
The extract of the leaves of Guiera senegalensis was found to detoxify (in vitro) venom from two common northern Nigerian snake species, Echis carinatus and Naja nigricollis, in separate experiments. There was a remarkable reduction in the mortality of albino mice after intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration of reconstituted venom incubated with the extract, when compared to those challenged with the venom only. The survival of the animals exposed to the venom incubated with the different concentrations of the extract was used as the in vitro detoxification parameter.
Asunto(s)
Antivenenos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Venenos de Serpiente/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antivenenos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Mordeduras de Serpientes/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The lyophilized root decoction of Afrormosia laxiflora (Leguminosae), claimed to be beneficial in epilepsy and psychosis, was screened for depressant and anticonvulsant activities using in vivo models. The root decoction, 150-300 mg/kg, showed significant inhibition of motor activity in mice, indicating depressant actions. Similarly, doses of 150-300 mg/kg of this extract significantly diminished the duration of convulsive symptoms, and increased the seizure latency, in both picrotoxin- and electroshock-induced seizures when compared with controls. The results suggest possible beneficial effects of the plant's root and also offer a rational explanation for its folklore usage in epilepsy and related disorders.