RESUMEN
In Trinidad, small ruminant farms are semi-intensively managed under tropical conditions which support the development and survival of the infective stages of the helminths. Local farmers use anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes frequently. Frequent use of anthelmintics has the potential to select for populations of nematodes resistance to those chemicals. Hence, an attempt was made to study the efficacy of commonly used drugs on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Three farms situated in different counties in Trinidad were selected. Sheep aged 6-15 months and not treated with anthelmintics for a minimum of six months previous and with faecal egg count (FEC)>150 eggs per gram were selected for study. They were allocated into 5 groups, each consisting 10 animals. The Group TA animals were treated once with albendazole (5mg/kg. b.wt.), group TF with fenbendazole (5mg/kg.b.wt.), group TI animals with ivermectin (200 µg/kg b.wt.), group TL with levamisol (7.5mg/kg b.wt.). The group NTC animals were not given any drug and served as control. The number of nematode eggs per gram of faeces from each animal was determined before treatment and at 14 days after treatment. The anthelmintic susceptibility to different drugs was detected by FECRT (in vivo) with EPG recorded at 14 day post-treatment. The data analysis using FECRT revealed that efficacy of albendazole (46-62%), fenbendazole (44-61%) and levamisol (53-81%) were reduced compared to ivermectin (95-97%). An attempt has also been made to find a suitable method for calculation of FECR (%).
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Nematodos/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/tratamiento farmacológico , Albendazol/farmacología , Animales , Heces/parasitología , Fenbendazol/farmacología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/parasitología , Ivermectina/farmacología , Infecciones por Nematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Nematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Oveja Doméstica , Trinidad y Tobago/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A longitudinal study was conducted on selected livestock farms to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. The enteropathogens assayed from faecal samples and rectal swabs were bacteria (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica), parasites (coccidia, gastrointestinal nematodes and Cryptosporidium spp.) and viruses (group A rotavirus and parvovirus). The prevalence of the enteropathogens in various animal species was related to age and month of the year. Generally, younger animals presented a higher prevalence of infection by enteropathogens than older animals while most infections occurred between the months of January and April.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos , Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Diarrea/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Bovinos , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Prevalencia , Ovinos , Porcinos , Trinidad y Tobago/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A longitudinal study was conducted on selected livestock farms to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. The enteropathogens assayed from faecal samples and rectal swabs were bacteria (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica), parasites (coccidia, gastrointestinal nematodes and Cryptosporidium spp.) and viruses (group A rotavirus and parvovirus). The prevalence of the enteropathogens in various animal species was related to age and month of the year. Generally, younger animals presented a higher prevalence of infection by enteropathogens than older animals while most infections occurred between the months of January and April.
Um estudo longitudinal foi realizado em fazendas de criação selecionadas, para determinar a prevalência de enteropatógenos em animais com ou sem diarréia. Os enteropatógenos analisados de amostras fecais e swabs retais foram: bactérias (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp, Salmonella spp e Yersinia enterocolitica); parasitas (coccídeos, nematóides gastrintestinais e Cryptosporidium spp ) e vírus (Rotavírus grupo A e parvovírus). A prevalência dos enteropatógenos em várias espécies de animais foi relacionada à idade e mês do ano. Geralmente, a prevalência de infecção por enteropatógenos foi maior entre os animais mais jovens que entre os animais mais velhos, enquanto a maioria das infecções ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro e abril.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Animales Domésticos , Diarrea/veterinaria , Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Prevalencia , Ovinos , Porcinos , Trinidad y Tobago/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A longitudinal study was conducted on selected livestock farms to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. The enteropathogens assayed from faecal samples and rectal swabs were bacteria (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica), parasites (coccidia, gastrointestinal nematodes and Cryptosporidium spp.) and viruses (group A rotavirus and parvovirus). The prevalence of the enteropathogens in various animal species was related to age and month of the year. Generally, younger animals presented a higher prevalence of infection by enteropathogens than older animals while most infections occurred between the months of January and April.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos , Animales , Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't , Factores de Edad , Animales Domésticos , Infecciones por Campylobacter/epidemiología , Infecciones por Campylobacter/veterinaria , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Estudios Longitudinales , Prevalencia , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Ovinos , Porcinos , Trinidad y Tobago/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Forty white rats were randomly assigned into four groups in which a standardized adhesion-forming lesion was created at laparotomy. Attempts to prevent adhesion formation were made in the presence of an artificial adhesion barrier, Interceed (free or fixed with 6/0 vicryl sutures) and Ringer's lactate versus a control group. Interceed freely placed on the site resulted in either very low or very high adhesion scores. This suggests that Interceed is an effective adhesion barrier but that a method which does not itself create tissue reaction must be devised to keep the barrier in place. Further research into an appropriate "tissue glue" is required (AU)