RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional film, unenhanced direct digital and inversion grayscale direct digital imaging in the detection of approximal caries. METHODS: 150 approximal surfaces of extracted permanent molars and premolars were selected for the study on the basis of varying lesion depth. The teeth were radiographed using Ektaspeed Plus film; digital images were made with a Schick CMOS-APS sensor. 7 examiners evaluated 58 randomized images of each modality. Histological sectioning of the teeth was used to verify the presence and extent of decay. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the diagnostic accuracies of the three imaging modalities (P=0.226). Analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the three modalities on lesion depth showed no statistically significant interaction; however, the main effect of the lesion depth was significant (P<0.001, eta(2)=0.936). CONCLUSIONS: The overall diagnostic accuracy of the three modalities in the detection of approximal carious lesions was comparable. All three modalities performed poorly in the detection of enamel lesions.
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Caries Dental/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Dental/métodos , Análisis de Varianza , Diente Premolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Diente Molar/diagnóstico por imagen , Curva ROC , Radiografía Dental Digital , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Película para Rayos XRESUMEN
Our purpose was to develop educational software that would simulate laboratory investigation of problems in Rh immune globulin prophylaxis and hemolytic disease of the newborn. An interactive, branching style program was developed using a 256K Penonal Computer (International Business Machines, Boca Raton, FL). The software has been used in over 125 institutions for preprofessional and continuing professional education.
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A study was undertaken to determine whether the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) increased among students in a dental school after exposure to patients. Predoctoral students were followed during their 4 years of dental school. An anti-HBs determination was made before patient contact and again just before graduation. Of the 247 predoctoral students initially tested, 6.1% were found to be anti-HBs positive. Of these only 145 students were tested again before graduation; four (2.8%0 who were initially anti-HBs negative seroconverted during the testing period. In addition, 31 staff, 73 graduate students and faculty, and 21 dental hygiene students were also tested for anti-HBs seroprevalence. This single test revealed 6.5% of the staff, 8.2% of the graduate students and faculty, and 4.8% of the hygienists to have the positive marker.
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Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Estudiantes de Odontología , Adulto , Docentes de Odontología , Humanos , Incidencia , Estudios Longitudinales , Prevalencia , RadioinmunoensayoRESUMEN
U.S. and Canadian dental schools were surveyed concerning infection control practices in dental radiology. The majority of respondents reported surface disinfection of intraoral projection operatories (55 percent) and panoramic operatories (61 percent) before or after each patient. The most frequently used surface disinfectant was iodophor. Most schools routinely disinfected the x-ray cone (89 percent) and tubehead (87 percent) of intraoral x-ray machines; however, many did not disinfect the control panel (44 percent) or the exposure button (27 percent). Although 100 percent of respondents reported student use of disposable latex gloves when exposing intraoral radiographs, 27 percent did not use gloves when processing radiographs. Fifty-six percent did not routinely disinfect countertops in the darkroom.
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Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , Radiografía Dental , Facultades de Odontología , Canadá , Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to develop educational software to simulate laboratory investigation of transfusion reactions. An interactive, branching-style program was developed using a 256K Personal Computer (International Business Machines, Boca Raton, FL). Over 75 institutions in the United States and Canada are currently using the software in preprofessional and continuing professional education programs.
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A double blind study was conducted utilizing the EDL/Biometrics Reading Eye Camera to determine if poor diets and altered reactions could have a detrimental effect on the eye movements of a group of dyslexic individuals. The study found that a poor diet, high in sugar, and a provocative challenge of cane sugar caused more erratic eye movements, while a good diet, without sugar, caused "normal" eye movements for the dyslexic individuals.
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Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Dislexia/fisiopatología , Movimientos Oculares , Conducta Alimentaria , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Método Doble Ciego , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Fijación Ocular , Humanos , Zea maysRESUMEN
This article summarizes the use of rare earth screen technology to achieve high-quality panoramic and cephalometric radiographs with sizable reductions in patient radiation dosage. Collimation, shielding, quality control, and darkroom procedures are reviewed to further reduce patient risk and improve image quality.
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Cefalometría , Dosis de Radiación , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica , Radiografía Panorámica , Pantallas Intensificadoras de Rayos X , Humanos , Ortodoncia , Protección Radiológica , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Contamination of processor solutions adversely affects the image quality of radiographic films. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of developer or fixer contaminant that was necessary to produce a significant densitometric change in the base plus fog, speed, or contrast optical density readings for panoramic film. Significant differences in base plus fog (after 16 mL of fixer contaminant was added to developer), speed index (after 4 mL), and contrast index (after 8 mL) were observed in comparison with control values.
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Radiografía Dental/métodos , Película para Rayos X , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Contaminación de Medicamentos , Fijadores , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Soluciones , TemperaturaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the titers of salivary anti-A and anti-B antibodies in two groups of patients with periodontal disease as measured by Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). Forty volunteer subjects, who were new patients assigned to a screening clinic, were selected for the study based on the following criteria: (1) blood group, (2) medical history, (3) age and (4) periodontal condition. One group of patients (N = 20) had a PI of less than 2.0 and the other group of patients (N = 20) had a PI of greater than 4.0. Following screening, a 10-ml sample of unstimulated whole saliva was collected, centrifuged and frozen. Within 30 days the saliva was thawed, titrated and tested for presence of anti-A and anti-B. Saliva agglutinin titers were determined using a variation of previous testing techniques. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were not obtained in the titers of salivary anti-A (U = 192.5; P greater than 0.1) or the titers of salivary anti-B (U = 162.8; P greater than 0.1). All 40 group O patients were found to have anti-A and anti-B in their saliva.
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Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO , Enfermedades Periodontales/inmunología , Saliva/inmunología , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/inmunología , Adulto , Anticuerpos/análisis , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice Periodontal , Saliva/análisisRESUMEN
Red cell samples from a patient who was suffering from massive hemolysis due to a brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) bite were found to be reactive by indirect antiglobulin test with most ABO-compatible serum samples. Spider venom, enzymes related to those in spider venom, and antisera to plasma proteins and Rh antigens were used to investigate the unusual reactivity of the patient's cells. IgG was detected on the patient's cells by indirect antiglobulin tests. Cells treated with brown recluse spider venom or phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase reacted similarly. These findings suggest that sphingomyelinase D, which has been identified in brown recluse spider venom, may be related to the unusual reactivity of the patient's cells. Unexpected reactions were observed when venom-treated cells were tested with Rh antibodies: O negative cells absorbed and eluted anti-D from Rh immune globulin; E negative cells were reactive with a commercial anti-E reagent.