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OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a mindfulness intervention on health-related quality of life in female Division I collegiate athletes. PARTICIPANTS: 135 female collegiate athletes, ages 18 - 23 years. METHODS: Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was reported twice/year in approximately January and July from January 2017 to 2020 with the 12-question Veterans Rand survey (VR-12). Twenty-three of the participants received a 6-week, in-person, group mindfulness training in spring 2019, while 112 did not. RESULTS: A significant interaction between time and mindfulness was identified with respect to the mental component score of the VR-12 of the VR-12 (MCS; ß = 3.86 ± 1 .56, p = 0.012) but no significant relationships were identified with respect to time (pre-mindfulness: ß = -2.36 ± 1.38, p = 0.074), mindfulness (yes: ß = -2.26 ± 1.54, p = 0.14) or season (winter: ß = -0.84 ± 0.57, p = 0.14). With respect to the physical component score (PCS), no significant relationships were identified with respect to time (pre-mindfulness: ß = -1.09 ± 1.21, p = 0.37), mindfulness (yes: ß = 1.30 ± 1.31, p = 0.32), season (winter: ß = 0.50 ± 0.50, p = 0.32), or the interaction between time and mindfulness (ß = 0.35 ± 1 .36, p = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Among female collegiate athletes, mindfulness training is associated with significant improvements in mental HRQoL, but not physical HRQoL.

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To determine if in-season changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) are related to aerobic fitness and performance in collegiate rowers. Twenty-two female collegiate rowers completed testing before and after their competitive season. Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max ) and time to exhaustion (Tmax ) were determined during maximal rowing ergometer testing followed by 1 minute of recovery. HRR was expressed absolutely and as a percentage of maximal HR (HRR%1 min ). Variables were compared using paired Wilcoxon tests. Multivariable regression models were used to predict in-season changes in HRR using changes in VO2max and Tmax , while accounting for changes in BF%. From preseason to post-season, VO2max and BF% decreased (3.98±0.42 vs 3.78±0.35 L/min, P=.002 and 23.8±3.4 vs 21.3±3.9%, P<.001, respectively), while Tmax increased (11.7±1.3 vs 12.6±1.3 min, P=.002), and HRR%1 min increased (11.1±2.7 vs 13.8±3.8, P=.001). In-season changes in VO2max were not associated with HRR%1 min (P>.05). In-season changes in Tmax were related to changes in HRR%1 min (ß=-1.67, P=.006). In-season changes in BF% were not related to changes in HRR (P>.05 for all). HRR1 min and HRR%1 min were faster preseason to post-season, although the changes were unrelated to VO2max . Faster HRR%1 min post-season was inversely related to changes in Tmax . This suggests that HRR should not be used as a measure of aerobic capacity in collegiate rowers, but is a promising measure of training status in this population.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM: In Landspitali University Hospital, magnetic resonance imaging is used non-selectively in addition to mammogram and ultrasound in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess invasive tumor size on imaging, compare with pathological size and evaluate the impact of magnetic resonance imaging on the type of surgery performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All women with invasive breast cancer, diagnosed in Iceland, between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. In all, 438 of 641 (68%) patients diagnosed had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Twelve patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded and 65 patients with multifocal or contralateral disease were assessed separately. RESULTS: Correlations between microscopic and radiologic tumor sizes were relatively weak. All imaging methods were inaccurate especially for large tumors, resulting in an overall underestimation of tumor size for these tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging under- and overestimated pathological tumor size by more than 10 mm in 16/348 (4.6%) and 26/348 patients (7.5%), respectively. In 19 patients (73%), overestimation of size was seen exclusively on magnetic resonance imaging. For tumors under- or overestimated by magnetic resonance imaging, the mastectomy rates were 56% and 65%, respectively, compared to an overall mastectomy rate of 43%. Of 51 patients diagnosed with multifocal disease on pathology, 19 (37%) were diagnosed by mammogram or ultrasound and 40 (78%) by magnetic resonance imaging resulting in a total detection rate of 84% (43 patients). Fourteen (3%) patients were diagnosed preoperatively with contralateral disease. Of those tumors, all were detected on magnetic resonance imaging but seven (50%) were also detected on mammogram or ultrasound or both. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that routine use of magnetic resonance imaging may result in both under- and overestimation of tumor size and increase mastectomy rates in a small proportion of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging aids in the diagnosis of contralateral and multifocal disease.

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AIM: To find out if ILT can be used as radical treatment of breast cancer. METHOD: Twenty-four patients, aged 39-84 (mean 61), with invasive breast cancer were treated with ILT. All underwent mammography, ultrasound and core biopsy before treatment. The tumour was an invasive ductal carcinoma in 15 patients, a lobular carcinoma in eight and lobular-ductal cancer in one. Average tumour diameter was 14 mm on ultrasound (5-35). Patients were treated in the outpatient clinics under local anaesthesia. Probes were placed under ultrasound guidance, in 19 patients, and ILT was performed with a diode laser at a steady-state temperature of 48 degrees C for 30 min using temperature feedback control. Standard surgical excision was performed 12 (4-23) days after ILT and was preceded by Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Treatment-induced necrosis of invasive cancer was 33% (range 0-100) and was complete in three patients. At follow-up before surgery, the extent of laser damage could not be judged with ultrasound, although abolished tumour blood flow was demonstrated after treatment resulting in large necroses. Efficacy of treatment varied negatively with tumour size. The inefficacy of ILT was mainly due to the underestimation of tumour size by mammography and ultrasound and the shortcomings of these methods to demonstrate tumour borders, tumour irregularity and carcinoma in situ (CIS). ILT was well tolerated. Five patients had breast tenderness, and three patients had pain, during the first day after treatment. Small skin necroses were observed in two patients. CONCLUSION: Small breast cancers can be treated radically with ILT. The method may become useful in the treatment of breast cancer but needs further refinement, even for small well-defined breast cancers, if it is going to be employed for radical treatment.

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We describe three patients who experienced simple and complex visual hallucinations, palinopsia and palinacusis in the immediate post-stroke period following parietal and occipital stroke. The hallucinations and palinopsia occurred in a defective or a blind visual field in two of the three patients. Such hallucinations are relatively uncommon but should be recognised as a complication of stroke, as part of or following an epileptic attack and after brain surgery. They usually disappear with time.

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In this article the focus is on the estimation of a likelihood ratio by using software which calculates the risk for trisomy 13, 18 and 21. It is based on the woman s age, crown rump length of the fetus and its nuchal translucency measurement. Examples are given based on different maternal age, previous history and results of ultrasound examination.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the humerospinous distance, as an indicator of shoulder width, could predict shoulder dystocia at term. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study of a stratified reference group of healthy women and a test group of women with risk factors for shoulder dystocia. Measurements were not revealed. Outcome measures were difficulties with delivery of the shoulders and correlation with maternal body mass and birth weight. SUBJECTS: Seventy-two women with singleton pregnancies at a University Clinic: 32 women at 39-42 weeks for reference and 40 women in an at-risk test group (weight > 90 kg, weight gain > 20 kg, previous macrosomic baby, history of shoulder dystocia/difficult delivery, clinical suspicion of a large baby). Women with a breech fetus, twins and those not able to deliver vaginally were excluded. METHODS: Fetal shoulders were measured from the convergence of the cervical spinous processes at the approximate cervicothoracic vertebral junction to the medial border of the humeral head. Correlations were made with maternal body mass, birth weight, birth weight estimation, ultrasound and postnatal humerospinous measurements. RESULTS: One case of shoulder dystocia in a fetus with an average humerospinous measurement occurred in the reference group and there were no cases in the test group. There was no predictive value of a large humerospinous measurement and no correlation with maternal or fetal size. Movement of the fetal arm could change the humerospinous distance considerably, which could account for the difference between a normal and large measurement. CONCLUSION: The humerospinous distance cannot be used to predict shoulder dystocia.

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