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To understand the genome-wide information of the GRF family genes in broomcorn millet and their expression profile in the vegetative meristems, bioinformatic methods and transcriptome sequencing were used to analyze the characteristics, physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, chromosome distribution, gene structure, cis-acting elements and expression profile in stem meristem for the GRF family members. The results showed that the GRF gene family of millet contains 21 members, and the PmGRF gene is unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. The lengths of PmGRF proteins vary from 224 to 618 amino acids, and the isoelectric points are between 4.93-9.69. Each member of the family has 1-4 introns and 2-5 exons. The protein PmGRF13 is localized in both the nucleus and chloroplast, and the rest PmGRF proteins are located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 21 GRF genes were divided into 4 subfamilies (A,B,C and D) in broomcorn millet. The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that there were many cis-acting elements involved in light response, hormone response, drought induction, low temperature response and other environmental stress responses in the 2000 bp sequence upstream of the GRF genes. Transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of PmGRF3 and PmGRF12 in the dwarf variety Zhang778 were significantly higher than those of the tall variety Longmi12 in the internode and node meristems at the jointing stage, while the expression patterns of PmGRF4, PmGRF16 and PmGRF21 were reverse. In addition, the expression levels of PmGRF2 and PmGRF5 in the internode of Zhang778 were significantly higher than Longmi12. The other GRF genes were not or insignificantly expressed. These results indicated that seven genes, PmGRF2, PmGRF3, PmGRF4, PmGRF5, PmGRF12, PmGRF16 and PmGRF21, were related to the formation of plant height in broomcorn millet.
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Panicum , Filogenia , Panicum/química , Panicum/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Meristema , Genoma de PlantaRESUMEN
An in situ integrated system, consisting of ecological floating islands (EFI), ecological riverbeds (ER), and ecological filter dams (EFD), was built in a ditch only receiving the effluent of sewage plant; the effect of in situ technologies on the distribution of aquatic pathogen was investigated. The results showed the aquatic pathogen decreased along the ditch. Specifically, the relative abundance of Legionella, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter decreased from 0.032, 0.035, and 0.26 to 0.026%, 0.012%, and 0.08%, respectively. Sedimentation, filtration, and sorption (provided by plant roots and biofilms on substrates) were principal processes for the removal. The nitrogen removal bacteria to prevent the potential risk of eutrophication were also evaluated. The EFI and ER were the dominant sites for Nitrosomonas (34.96%, 32.84%) and Nitrospira (35.74%, 54.73%) enrichment, while EFI and EFD facilitated the enrichment of denitrification bacteria. Notably, the relative abundance of endogenous denitrifiers (DNB-en) (including Dechloromonas at 9.72%, Thermomonas at 0.58%, and Saccharibacteria at 2.55%) exceeded those of exogenous denitrifiers (DNB-ex) (Thauera at 0.20%, Staphylococcus at 0.005%, and Rhodobacter at 0.27%). This study demonstrated that the in situ integrated system was effective in reducing the abundance of pathogens in the drainage channel, and the deficiency of DNB-ex and carbon sources made nitrate removal difficult.
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Ríos , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Ríos/microbiología , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
Objective To analyze the burden and changing trend of testicular cancer in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Database(GBD 2019),analyze the incidence,mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),years of life lost(YLLs),years lived with disability(YLDs)and their variation trend of testicular cancer in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019.Evaluating changes in age standardized rate(ASR)by calculating annual estimated percentage change(EAPC).According to the age grouping,analyze the age distribution characteristics of testicular cancer disease burden by age group.Results In 2019,the incident cases,deaths,age-standardized incidence rate,and age-standardized mortality rate of testicular cancer in China were 17.17×103,1.21×103,2.39/105,and 0.16/105,respectively.Compared to 1990,incident cases,deaths,and age-standardized incidence rate increased obviously in China,which was consistent with the global change trend,while the increase was higher than the global level.However,both Chinese and global age-standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend.From 1990 to 2019,DALYs,YLLs and YLDs of testicular cancer increased by 29.66%,9.83%and 720.91%respectively in China.The two age groups,0-15 years group and 30-35 years group,were with highest incidence of testicular cancer,while the highest disease burden of testicular cancer was 30-35 years.Conclusion From 1990 to 2019,the disease burden of testicular cancer in China showed an upward trend.Adolescents and young adults should be the priority population for screening and prevention due to their higher incidence and disease burden.
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Colon cancer has attracted much attention due to its annually increasing incidence. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs are unsatisfactory in clinical application because of their lack of targeting and severe toxic side effects. In the past decade, nanomedicines with multimodal therapeutic strategies have shown potential for colon cancer because of their enhanced permeability and retention, high accumulation at tumor sites, co-loading with different drugs, and comb-ination of various therapies. This review summarizes the advances in research on various nanomedicine-based therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy (photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy), chemodynamic therapy, gas therapy, and immunotherapy. Additionally, the therapeutic mechanisms, limitations, improvements, and future of the above therapies are discussed.
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Neoplasias del Colon , Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Nanomedicina , Fototerapia , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are the key intermediate of anaerobic digestion of oily food waste, not completely soluble in a water-dominant anaerobic system due to their long hydrocarbon chains with hydrophobic property. Their effective concentration affects release of high methanogenic potential and system stability. A long-term continuous anaerobic digestion of oily food waste demonstrated excess methane production of even more than feedstock in an anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Assuming feedstock COD at 100%, approximately 120% of COD as methane could be achieved. Oil floating and crystallization with Ca salt resulting from the distribution heterogeneity of LCFAs in the CSTR were found responsible for the excess methane production. Moreover, slow conversion and accumulation of saturated LCFAs with relatively lower solubility played an important role as well. Compared with unsaturated oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acids (C18:2), around twice slower methane production rate and longer lag time could be observed for those saturated LCFAs. Mixing intensity was proved to be a critical controlling factor for methanogenesis and stability possibly by affecting interaction between oil/LCFAs and anaerobes to change effective lipid loading.
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Alimentos , Metano , Eliminación de Residuos , Anaerobiosis , Ácidos Grasos , Aceites , Eliminación de Residuos/métodosAsunto(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Animales , COVID-19/veterinaria , Mutación , Filogenia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) provides an alternative for poor candidates for long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC). To prevent device-related thrombosis (DRT), OAC should be continued for the first 45 days to allow complete endothelialization post-LAAO implantation. Whereas, evidence is limited on the feasibility and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) used after LAAO. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational single-center study of AF patients undergoing LAAO with a Watchman device and receiving either low-dose dabigatran (110mg twice daily) or warfarin in the peri- and post-procedural period for 45 days. Transesophageal echocardiography was scheduled to perform at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure to assess the stability of the device and to detect DRT. Incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding events were also evaluated during the follow-up period. RESULTS: There were a total of 84 patients who successfully underwent Watchman implantation, with 38 patients (45.2%) receiving low-dose dabigatran and 46 patients (54.8%) using warfarin post-LAAO. Peri-procedural complications occurred in 10 patients, with 3 patients in the dabigatran group and 7 patients in the warfarin group (7.9% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.30). During the 12-month follow-up, 1 patient experienced major bleeding and 16 patients suffered minor bleeding in the warfarin group, while 5 patients treated with dabigatran had minor bleeding (34.8% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.02). Besides, 6 DRT (15.8%) were detected in dabigatran groups, and the incidence was higher than in the warfarin group (15.8% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.03). No DRT-related ischemic events were found. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that short-term low-dose dabigatran (110â mg twice daily) could significantly decrease the risk of bleeding compared with warfarin at the expense of increased risk of DRT post-LAAO. Therefore, low-dose dabigatran should be used with caution for post-implant anticoagulation of LAAO. Further studies are urgently needed on the feasibility and safety of DOACs post-LAAO.
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Apéndice Atrial , Fibrilación Atrial , Trombosis , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Apéndice Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Dabigatrán/efectos adversos , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia/complicaciones , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Warfarina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, accompanied by high mortality and poor prognosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidized form oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) play an important role in atherosclerosis. This article will explore the role of the lncRNA COLCA1 (colorectal cancer associated 1)/hsa-miR-371a-5p/SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) pathway in oxLDL in causing human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) inflammation and related biological function changes. Methods: OxLDL was used to stimulate HCAECs. The inflammatory response and biological function changes of HCAECs were analyzed, total RNA-seq was performed on HCAECs before and after stimulation, and RT-Qpcr (real-time quantitative PCR) was used to verify the differential genes. Interference of the expression of COLCA1 in HCAECs was performed by siRNA interference technology to verify the role of COLCA1 in the biological function changes of HCAECs after oxLDL stimulation, and further prove that COLCA1 affects SPP1 through hsa-miR-371a-5p. Results: OxLDL can affect the oxidative stress response of HCAECs, which in turn affects the apoptosis and wound healing ability of HCAECs. COLCA1 and SPP1 were highly expressed after oxLDL stimulation, while hsa-miR-371a-5p was the opposite. After COLCA1 interference, the oxidative stress level of HCAECs stimulated by oxLDL decreased, the apoptosis level also significantly decreased, and the wound healing ability was enhanced. After simultaneous COLCA1 interference and recovery of the expression of hsa-miR-371a-5p, these improved functions disappeared. The dual-luciferase assay confirmed that hsa-miR-371a-5p and COLCA1, hsa-miR-371a-5p and SPP1 has binding targets. Conclusions: OxLDL can up-regulate the expression of COLCA1 in HCAECs, which in turn affects the intracellular COLCA1/hsa-miR-371a-5p/SPP1 pathway to regulate the level of oxidative stress in cells. This in turn affects the level of apoptosis and wound healing ability, which causes cells to produce a continuous inflammatory response.
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Genomic epidemiology is important to study the COVID-19 pandemic, and more than two million severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic sequences were deposited into public databases. However, the exponential increase of sequences invokes unprecedented bioinformatic challenges. Here, we present the Coronavirus GenBrowser (CGB) based on a highly efficient analysis framework and a node-picking rendering strategy. In total, 1,002,739 high-quality genomic sequences with the transmission-related metadata were analyzed and visualized. The size of the core data file is only 12.20 MB, highly efficient for clean data sharing. Quick visualization modules and rich interactive operations are provided to explore the annotated SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary tree. CGB binary nomenclature is proposed to name each internal lineage. The pre-analyzed data can be filtered out according to the user-defined criteria to explore the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Different evolutionary analyses can also be easily performed, such as the detection of accelerated evolution and ongoing positive selection. Moreover, the 75 genomic spots conserved in SARS-CoV-2 but non-conserved in other coronaviruses were identified, which may indicate the functional elements specifically important for SARS-CoV-2. The CGB was written in Java and JavaScript. It not only enables users who have no programming skills to analyze millions of genomic sequences, but also offers a panoramic vision of the transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
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COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/virología , Vigilancia en Salud Pública/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Programas Informáticos , Navegador Web , Biología Computacional/métodos , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Genoma Viral , Genómica , Humanos , Epidemiología Molecular/métodos , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , MutaciónRESUMEN
Recent subcortical infarction (RSI) in the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) territory with a non-stenotic middle cerebral artery is a heterogeneous entity. We aimed to investigate the role of LSA combined with neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in differentiating the pathogenic subtypes of RSI by whole-brain vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging (WB-VWI). Fifty-two RSI patients without relevant middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis on magnetic resonance angiography were prospectively enrolled. RSI was dichotomized as branch atheromatous disease (BAD; a culprit plaque located adjacent to the LSA origin) (n = 34) and CSVD-related lacunar infarction (CSVD-related LI; without plaque or plaque located distal to the LSA origin) (n = 18). Logistic regression analysis showed lacunes (odds ratio [OR] 9.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71-54.72; P = 0.010) and smaller number of LSA branches (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.96; P = 0.034) were associated with of BAD, whereas severe deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.71; P = 0.021) was associated with CSVD-related LI. In conclusion, the LSA branches combined with lacunes and severe DWMH may delineate subtypes of SSI. The WB-VWI technique could be a credible tool for delineating the heterogeneous entity of SSI in the LSA territory.
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Arterias Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/patología , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Anciano , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/diagnóstico por imagen , Modelos Logísticos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagen , Placa Aterosclerótica/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Vascular Cerebral Lacunar/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Vascular Cerebral Lacunar/patologíaRESUMEN
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is a major cause of stroke and systemic embolism. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has been proved to be noninferior to traditional Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as well as novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which is becoming an important alternative to prevent stroke in non-valvular AF. Catheter-based AF ablation (CA) is recommended to be a standard of care in patients with AF refractory to drug therapy due to a better rhythm control and improvement of life quality than antiarrhythmic drugs. Theoretically, the one-stop combination with LAAC and CA tends to bring more benefits in patients with AF, as it not only relieves symptoms, but also reduces the risk of stroke significantly. However, several important questions still need to be considered in the combination procedure although quite a few attempts have already been made in clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive update on the concept, technique, perioperative management, benefits and other critical issues of the "one-stop" procedure.
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Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Ablación por Catéter , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Terapia Combinada , Predicción , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Warfarin is now recommended as the standard anti-thrombotic regimen to allow complete endothelialization over the Watchman device post percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). However, the need for frequent monitoring, narrow therapeutic range, dietary restrictions and multiple drug interactions associated with warfarin have contributed to increasing uptake of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) worldwide. At present, the feasibility and safety of NOACs instead of warfarin post-LAAO is lacking. METHODS: Patients who underwent successful Watchman device implantation between October 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017 were enrolled in a retrospective database. And only patients who received rivaroxaban in the periprocedural period were included in this study. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) follow-up was scheduled at 6 weeks, at 6 months, and at 12 months post-implantation to detect device-related thrombosis (DRT) or peri-device leak. Meanwhile, thromboembolic and bleeding events were also evaluated at the time of follow-up. RESULTS: Totally, 57 Watchman devices were successfully implanted and 10 patients who were allocated to rivaroxaban at the dosage of 20 mg once daily were included. During the follow-up, none of the patients using rivaroxaban experienced DRT, peri-device leak, thromboembolic complications and major bleeding events, except for 2 patients who suffered minor bleeding during the 6 weeks follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a short course of standard-dose rivaroxaban following Watchman LAAO is associated with low incidence of thrombotic complications and bleeding events, and might be a feasible alternative regimen in Chinese. Further randomized trials and large sample of real-world studies are needed to validate our finding.
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BACKGROUND: Many studies have found that the hippocampus plays a very important role in major depressive disorder (MDD). The hippocampus can be divided into three subfields: the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG) and subiculum. Each subfield of the hippocampus has a unique function and are differentially associated with the pathological mechanisms of MDD. However, no research exists to describe the resting state functional connectivity of each hippocampal subfield in MDD. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with MDD and 25 healthy controls (HCs) matched for gender, age and years of education were obtained. A seed-based method that imposed a template on the whole brain was used to assess the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of each hippocampal subfield. RESULTS: Patients with MDD demonstrated increased connectivity in the left premotor cortex (PMC) and reduced connectivity in the right insula with the CA seed region. Increased connectivity was reported in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) with the DG seed region. The subiculum seed region revealed increased connectivity with the left premotor cortex (PMC), the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and reduced connectivity with the right insula. ROC curves confirmed that the differences between groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the CA, DG and subiculum have significant involvement with MDD. Specifically, the abnormal functional connectivity of the CA may be related to bias of coding and integration of information in patients with MDD. The abnormal functional connectivity of the DG may be related to the impairment of working memory in patients with MDD, and the abnormal functional connectivity of the subiculum may be related to cognitive impairment and negative emotions in patients with MDD.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/fisiopatología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas , Descanso , Adulto , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/patología , Femenino , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipocampo/patología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to heavy poaching and worldwide trafficking. However, their demographic histories and the genomic consequences of their recent population declines remain unknown. We generated high-quality de novo reference genomes for critically endangered Malayan (Manis javanica, MJ) and Chinese (M. pentadactyla, MP) pangolins and re-sequencing population genomic data from 74 MJs and 23 MPs. We recovered the population identities of illegally traded pangolins and previously unrecognized genetic populations that should be protected as evolutionarily distinct conservation units. Demographic reconstruction suggested environmental changes have resulted in a population size fluctuation of pangolins. Additionally, recent population size declines due to human activities have resulted in an increase in inbreeding and genetic load. Deleterious mutations were enriched in genes related to cancer/diseases and cholesterol homeostasis, which may have increased their susceptibility to diseases and decreased their survival potential to adapt to environmental changes and high-cholesterol diets. This comprehensive study provides not only high-quality pangolin reference genomes, but also valuable information concerning the driving factors of long-term population size fluctuations and the genomic impact of recent population size declines due to human activities, which is essential for pangolin conservation management and global action planning.
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Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.
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BACKGROUND: The treatment of open tibial shaft fractures is challenging. External fixation (EF) is comparatively safe in treating these open injuries, meanwhile it has the advantages of easy application, minimal additional disruption, and convenient subsequent soft tissue repair. Nevertheless, its application is accompanied by a series of problems in alignment and bone healing. Therefore, limited internal fixation (LIF), such as cortical screws, has been used based on the external fixator for better therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of EF combined with LIF and simple EF in the management of open tibial shaft fractures, evaluating the efficacy and safety of using the combined technique in treating such fractures. METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2016, patients with open tibial shaft fractures treated with EF with or without LIF augmentation were identified. A total of 152 patients were included in the analysis, and there were 85 patients in the simple external fixation group and 67 patients in the EF-LIF group. General assessment indicators included the direct cost of hospitalization and the times of first surgery, full weight bearing, and complete union. Infections and complications in union or limb alignment were compared as primary outcomes. Additionally, the number of patients who changed the fixation system for various reasons were analysed. RESULTS: Effective follow-up of all participants for statistical analysis was obtained. The follow-up time averaged 17.15 months (range: 12.00 to 24.00 months) in the EF group and 16.20 months (range: 12.00 to 19.00 months) in the EF-LIF group. Combined fixation provided shortened time to bear full weight and achieve complete bone union, while requiring additional first surgery time. No significant difference was found in infection rates or direct cost of hospitalization. Delayed union and non-union in the EF-LIF group were significantly decreased (20.9% versus 40.0, 1.5% versus 14.1%, p < 0.05). In limb alignment, patients with combined fixation exhibited reduced malreduction, loss of reduction, and malunion. In terms of secondary fixation, the EF-LIF group showed a markedly lower incidence (5.8% versus 34.1%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with simple EF, combined fixation is an effective and safe alternative for management of open tibial diaphyseal fractures. It provides superior initial reduction, better stability and decreases the risk of inferior alignment and delayed union without increasing the risk of infection.
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Fijadores Externos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Curación de Fractura , Fracturas Abiertas/cirugía , Fracturas de la Tibia/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Placas Óseas , Tornillos Óseos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/efectos adversos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To examine the effects of seasonal changes and precipitation on the concentrations of various nitrogen and phosphorus forms in Dianchi Lake, the concentrations of various nitrogen and phosphorus forms of atmospheric deposition were determined by UV spectrophotometry. Additionally, the contributions of nitrogen and phosphorus to water pollution in Dianchi Lake were discussed. The results showed that the atmospheric depositional nitrogen concentration in Dianchi Lake is generally consistent with the characteristics of the low rainy season and high dry season. The nitrogen and phosphorus load of atmospheric deposition was positively correlated with rainfall. Seasonal changes were mainly characterized by low dry season and high rainy season. The atmospheric depositional nitrogen load was dominated by dissolved inorganic nitrogen, which accounted for 63.70% of the total nitrogen deposition load. The phosphorus load was mainly PP, which accounted for 45.54% of the total phosphorus precipitation load. Excessive fertilization and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers are the major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in atmospheric wet deposition. Combined with data from rivers entering the lake, the settlements of TN and TP in the atmospheric deposition of Dianchi Lake were 6.14% and 12.76% of the river load, respectively. Therefore, the primary source of pollution in Dianchi Lake was still the load brought by the river into the lake. However, the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in the atmospheric deposition of Dianchi Lake were at intermediate levels compared with other regions, so this contribution requires further investigation.
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PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of the arched shape-memory connector (ASC) only fixation and the lateral one-third tubular plate fixation in managing unstable Type A or B lateral malleolus fractures according to the Weber (AO) classification, and to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of ASC only fixation in treating these fractures. METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2015, 148 patients with Type A or B (Weber (AO) classification) lateral malleolus fractures treated with the arched shape-memory connector (ASC) only fixation or lateral plate fixation were included. There were 66 patients in the ASC only fixation group and 82 patients in the lateral plate group. Intergroup differences were absent regarding patient and fracture characteristics. The incision length, complete-union time, major complications and complaints, incidence of hardware removal, and final radiographic and functional evaluations were compared. RESULTS: The follow-up time averaged 18.2 months in the ASC fixation group and 17.2 months in the lateral plate group. The ASC only fixation group had significantly decreased wound infection (4.55% versus 14.63%) and skin necrosis (none versus 7.32%). Of patients who underwent ASC only fixation 3.03% reported lateral ankle pain, 7.58% received palpable hardware, and 3.03% reported hardware irritation, while the corresponding observations in the lateral plate group were 19.51%, 54.88%, and 14.63%, respectively, representing a statistical difference. Furthermore, compared with the lateral plate group, the incidence of hardware removal was markedly lower in the ASC fixation group (12.12% versus 30.49%). In terms of reduction accuracy, complete-union time, and AOFAS scores, no appreciable differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: ASC only fixation is a reliable alternative for managing Type A or B lateral malleolus fractures, leading to fewer soft tissue complications, fewer hardware complaints, and a reduced need for hardware removal, and a reduced need for hardware removal. In addition, ASC can be used for augmented plate fixation in certain comminuted fracture patterns.
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Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Articulación del Tobillo/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Curación de Fractura/fisiología , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/prevención & control , Adulto , Fracturas de Tobillo/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de Tobillo/fisiopatología , Articulación del Tobillo/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Tobillo/fisiopatología , Tornillos Óseos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In order to survey the present pollution from volatile organic compounds in Baiyangdian Lake, 15 water samples were collected in March 2016, and analyzed for 54 VOCs by purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distribution characteristics and health risk assessments were investigated, and the pollution from the VOCs was evaluated by a comprehensive pollution index. The survey showed that:â a total of 14 VOCs were detected in Baiyangdian water, with a 100% detection rate for dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene; xylene had the highest concentration with an average concentration of 564.9 ng ·L-1; and trichloroethylene had the lowest concentration with an average concentration of 3.3 ng ·L-1 and a detection rate of only 13.3%; â¡ the total concentration of VOCs in Baiyangdian water was between 423.0 and 4207.8 ng ·L-1, and benzene was the main pollutant, with its main source coming from the effluent from the upstream sewage treatment plant, the industrial wastewater, and the exhaust emissions of motor vehicles in the city; and â¢the health risk assessment showed that VOCs in Baiyangdian Lake did not produce carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans, and the VOC comprehensive pollution index shows that the VOCs in the Baiyangdian Lake were at a clean level.
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Lagos/química , Medición de Riesgo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , China , Ciudades , Monitoreo del Ambiente , HumanosRESUMEN
The rate of behavioural decline in the ageing population is remarkably variable among individuals. Despite the considerable interest in studying natural variation in ageing rate to identify factors that control healthy ageing, no such factor has yet been found. Here we report a genetic basis for variation in ageing rates in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that C. elegans isolates show diverse lifespan and age-related declines in virility, pharyngeal pumping, and locomotion. DNA polymorphisms in a novel peptide-coding gene, named regulatory-gene-for-behavioural-ageing-1 (rgba-1), and the neuropeptide receptor gene npr-28 influence the rate of age-related decline of worm mating behaviour; these two genes might have been subjected to recent selective sweeps. Glia-derived RGBA-1 activates NPR-28 signalling, which acts in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons to accelerate behavioural deterioration. This signalling involves the SIR-2.1-dependent activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, a pathway that modulates ageing. Thus, natural variation in neuropeptide-mediated glia-neuron signalling modulates the rate of ageing in C. elegans.