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OBJECTIVE: This work aims to study the influence of micro-ribonucleic acid (miR)-29 on the retinopathy in diabetic mice via the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group (n=12) and model group (n=12). Mice in the normal group were given to normal diet, and those in the model group were prepared for establishing diabetes mouse model. After animal procedures, electroretinogram was performed to detect the latent period and amplitude of b-wave. The expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected via immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of the phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) were determined using Western blotting. Moreover, miR-29 expression and cell apoptosis were detected via quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. RESULTS: Compared with those in the normal group, the latent period prolonged and amplitude of b-wave decreased in the model group (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with normal group, mice in the model group exhibited increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression (p<0.05). The Western blotting analysis showed that the protein levels of p-AMPK decreased and p-mTOR increased in the model group compared with those in the normal group (p<0.05). The qPCR revealed that compared with the normal group, the model group had notably decreased miR-29 expression (p<0.05). TUNEL detection displayed that the apoptotic rate was remarkably elevated in the model group compared with that in the normal group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of miR-17-5p up-regulates the expression of VEGF-A and GDNF in MSCs, and promotes the repair of spinal cord injury by MSCs.

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The study aim was to evaluate the effect of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and alkali treatment on porous tantalum specimens by foam immersion technology. Tantalum specimens modified by MAO formed an apatite layer on their surfaces in simulated body fluid (SBF). However, the leach liquor of these specimens shows toxicity to 3T3-E1 cells. When they were previously soaked in a 0.5 M NaOH aqueous solution at 60 °C for 24 h, there was no statistical difference between the leach liquor of specimens with NaOH pretreatment and the control in cell proliferation experiments. NaOH-treated tantalum metal can form more apatite on its surface in SBF than the control and specimens produced by MAO. Furthermore, a sodium tantalate hydrogel layer was observed on the specimen's surface by X-ray diffraction. Well defined actin stress fibers and bone-like tissue are distributed throughout the body of 3T3-E1 cells cultured on specimens after 5 days. Animal tests showed new bone formation in the gap between the specimens and the host bone after 4 weeks. Neovascularization and new bone ingrowth occurred within the pores of the specimens after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. Our results indicated that highly bioactive tantalum metal can be obtained by simple chemical treatment.

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Seven different commercial F1 hybrids and two F2 populations were evaluated by multiplex PCR to identify plants that are homozygous or heterozygous for Ty-1 and Mi, which confer resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl disease and root-knot nematode, respectively. The Ty-1 and Mi markers were amplified by PCR and identified by digestion of the amplicons with the TaqI enzyme. The hybrids E13 and 288 were found to be Ty/ty heterozygous plants with 398-, 303-, and 95-bp bands, and B08, 314, 198, and A10 were found to be ty/ty homozygous plants with a 398-bp band; whereas 098 did not give any PCR products. The hybrids E13 and 198 were found to be Mi/Mi homozygous plants with 570- and 180-bp bands, and 288 and A10 were found to be Mi/mi heterozygous plants, with 750-, 570- and 180-bp bands, and B08, 109 and 314 were found to be mi/mi homozygous plants with only a 750-bp band. We additionally developed a multiplex PCR technique for JB-1 and Mi, which confer resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl disease and root-knot nematode. The JB-1 marker identified the genotype of the Ty gene, and the plants that produced the 400-bp band were ty/ty homozygous plants, whereas the plants that produced 400- and 500-bp bands were resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl disease. We conclude that multiplex PCRs can be used to reproducibly and efficiently detect these resistance genes.

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