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Background: This study examines the effects of 12 weeks of basketball on interpersonal relationships, self-identity and social adjustment of middle school students, as well as exploring the mediating role of interpersonal relationships and self-identity in basketball's influence on social adjustment. Methods: A total of 87 students from a middle school in Jiangsu Province, China, were selected to participate in this study. A 12-week basketball intervention experiment was conducted, and questionnaires were administered to measure the study variables. Common method bias test, normality test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the study variables. The theoretical model of this study was also validated using the Process plug-in developed by Hayes, setting p < 0.05 (two-tail) as statistically significant. Results: After a 12-week basketball intervention experiment, the interpersonal relationships, self-identity and social adjustment of the middle school students in the experimental and control groups showed improvement, with the experimental group showing significantly more significant improvement than the control group. A 12-week basketball intervention can positively impact the social adjustment of middle school students, with interpersonal relationships and self-identity acting as a chain mediator in the impact process.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of esketamine combined with ultrasound-guided dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) on negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBCs) in pediatric patients undergoing circumcision under general anesthesia.Methods:One-hundred and ninety-five pediatric patients, aged 4-8 yr, with body mass index of 10-35 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classificationⅠ or Ⅱ, undergoing elective circumcision under general anesthesia, were selected and divided into 3 groups ( n=65 each) using a random number table method: esketamine group (group E), DPNB group (group D) and esketamine combined with DPNB group (group ED). Propofol 1.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected, and the patients were admitted to the operating room after consciousness disappeared in the 3 groups. Esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected in E and ED groups, and the equal volume of normal saline was given in group D. D and ED groups underwent bilateral DPNB with 0.25 % ropivacaine 0.15 ml/kg under ultrasound guidance, with the maximum total amount of the drug not exceeding 10 ml. Fentanyl 1.0 μg/kg and propofol 2.0 mg/kg were intravenously injected prior to the skin incision in the three groups. If intraoperative body movement occurred, propofol 10 mg was added, which could be repeated. The occurrence of intraoperative body movement, respiratory depression and amount of propofol added was recorded. When postoperative pain (FLACC score >4) occurred, flurbiprofen 1 mg/kg was intravenously injected for analgesia, and the usage of flurbiprofen was recorded. When emergence agitation(PEAD score>10) occurred, propofol 1 mg/kg was intravenously injected for sedation, and the occurrence of emergence agitation was recorded. Parents were followed up by telephone at 1, 7 and 30 days postoperatively to assess the occurrence of NPOBCs using the PHBQ scale. Results:Fifty-six patients in group E and 59 patients in D and ED groups finally completed the study.Compared with group E, the incidence of intraoperative body movement was significantly decreased, the amount of additional propofol was reduced, the emergence agitation score, incidence of emergence agitation and severe agitation and usage rate of postoperative flurbiprofen were decreased, and the incidence of separation anxiety at 7 and 30 days postoperatively was decreased in D and ED groups, and the incidence of intraoperative respiratory depression was significantly decreased, and the incidence of NPOBCs at 7 and 30 days postoperatively was decreased in group ED ( P<0.05). Compared with group D, the incidence of intraoperative respiratory depression was significantly decreased, the amount of additional propofol was decreased, the usage rate of postoperative flurbiprofen and incidence of sleep anxiety at 1 day postoperatively were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of NPOBCs at each time point after operation in group ED ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine combined with ultrasound-guided DPNB can reduce the occurrence of NPOBCs in pediatric patients undergoing circumcision under general anesthesia.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on pharmacodynamics of propofol during successful laryngeal mask airway (LMA) implantation.Methods:American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 30-60 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-25.0 kg/m 2, undergoing elective extensive total hysterectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups: AHH group (group A) and control group (group C). In group A, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was infused at a rate of 20 ml/min for AHH, and the target hematocrit was 30%.In group C, lactated Ringer′s solution was infused according to the " 4-2-1" rule to supplement physiological requirements, and anesthesia induction was performed after 10 min of stabilization.Sufentanil was administered by target-controlled infusion using Bovil pharmacokinetic model with effect-site concentration (Ce) of 0.25 ng/ml, 3 min later propofol was given by target-controlled infusion using Schnider model.The Ce of propofol in the first patient was set at 5.0 μg/ml.Each time the concentration of propofol was increased/decreased by 0.5 μg/ml according to the sequential method.LMA was inserted following 1 min equilibration between plasma concentration and Ce of propofol.The trial was terminated when 8 consecutive inflection points of failed/successful LMA insertion occurred.The EC 5, EC 50, EC 95 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of propofol were calculated by probit regression analysis. Results:In group A, the EC 5 (95% CI), EC 50 (95% CI) and EC 95 (95% CI) of propofol when LMA was successfully placed were 4.237 (3.090-4.514) μg/ml, 4.802 (4.500-5.078) μg/ml and 5.443 (5.125-7.304) μg/ml, respectively.In group C, the EC 5 (95% CI), EC 50 (95% CI) and EC 95 (95% CI) of propofol when LMA was successfully placed were 2.408 (1.190-2.756) μg/ml, 3.120 (2.690-3.472) μg/ml and 4.042 (3.582-7.431) μg/ml, respectively.There was significant difference in EC 5, EC 50 and EC 95 between the two groups ( P<0.01). Conclusion:AHH with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can decrease the efficacy of propofol when LMA is successfully implanted.
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Objective:To study the correlation between serum bilirubin and cystatin C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 750 patients who were in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from June 2017 to May 2018. The clinical data were collected, and the correlation between serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and cystatin C was analyzed.Results:According to the results of single factor analysis, after adjusting the related confounding factors, the smooth curve fitting showed that there was a U-shaped relationship between the total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and cystatin C. When the total bilirubin was <15.9 μmol/L, for every increase of 1 μmol/L in total bilirubin, cystatin C decreased 0.008 mg/L ( β = - 0.008, 95% CI - 0.014 to - 0.002, P<0.01); when indirect bilirubin was <11.5 μmol/L, for every increase of 1 μmol/L in indirect bilirubin, cystatin C decreased 0.011 mg/L ( β = - 0.011, 95% CI - 0.018 to - 0.003, P<0.01). When cystatin C was grouped according to the normal range (cystatin C<1.25 mg/L), after adjusting the related confounding factors, the smooth curve fitting showed that there was a U-shaped relationship between the total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin with cystatin C; when total bilirubin was <15.5 mol/L, for every increase of 1 μmol/L in total bilirubin, the risk of cystatin C exceeding the normal value was reduced by 17% ( OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96, P<0.01); when total bilirubin was ≥15.5 μmol/L, for every increase of 1 μmol/L in total bilirubin, the risk of cystatin C exceeding the normal value was increased by 12% ( OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.25, P<0.05); when indirect bilirubin was <11.8 μmol/L, every increase of 1 μmol/L in indirect bilirubin, the risk of cystatin C exceeding the normal value was reduced by 20% ( OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.95, P<0.01). However there was no significant correlation between direct bilirubin and cystatin C. Conclusions:There is a U-shaped relationship between total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and cystatin C. At physiological concentrations, the increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin can reduce cystatin C.
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Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative anxiety on propofol EC50 for nomovement during Painless gastroscopy.Methods Thirty-one patients (without anxiety) and twenty-seven patients (with anxiety) undergoing gastroscopy under general anesthesia were enrolled on the study.Anesthesia was conducted with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol.The initial target effect-site propo fol concentration (Ceprop) was 5.0 μg/ml and was adjusted stepwise by 0.5 μg/ml by an up-down sequential method to reach no-movement.Results Propofol EC50 to induce no-movement was higher in patients with anxiety than those without anxiety (5.32 μg/ml,95％ CI:4.75-5.88 μg/ml vs 4.75 μg/ml,95％ CI:4.48-5.01 μg/ml,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions During painless gastroscopy,patients with anxiety had a higher propofol EC50 for no-movement compared with those without anxiety when intravenous injected of fentanyl 0.1 μg/kg.
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Objective To investigate whether the median(50%)effective effect-concentration(EC50)of propofol inducing loss of consciousness (LOC) varies. Methods 56 patients undergoing gastroscopy under general anaesthesia were enrolled on the study. Anaesthesia was conducted with a target-controlled infusion(TCI) of propofol. The initial target effect-site propofol concentration (Ceprop) was 5.00 μg/mL and was adjusted stepwise by 0.50μg/mL by an up-down sequential method to reach no-movement. Results Propofol EC50 to induce no-movement was higher in patients with anxiety than those without anxiety(6.46μg/mL vs. 5.75μg/mL,P<0.05). Conclusions During general anaesthesia ,patients with anxiety had a higher propofol EC50 for no-movement compared with those without anxiety. Differences in preoperative anxiety levels may reduce anaesthetic effects.
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Objective To investigate whether the median(50%)effective effect-concentration(EC50)of propofol inducing loss of consciousness (LOC) varies. Methods 56 patients undergoing gastroscopy under general anaesthesia were enrolled on the study. Anaesthesia was conducted with a target-controlled infusion(TCI) of propofol. The initial target effect-site propofol concentration (Ceprop) was 5.00 μg/mL and was adjusted stepwise by 0.50μg/mL by an up-down sequential method to reach no-movement. Results Propofol EC50 to induce no-movement was higher in patients with anxiety than those without anxiety(6.46μg/mL vs. 5.75μg/mL,P<0.05). Conclusions During general anaesthesia ,patients with anxiety had a higher propofol EC50 for no-movement compared with those without anxiety. Differences in preoperative anxiety levels may reduce anaesthetic effects.
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Objective To investigate the effects of light acute hypervolemic hemodilution on early postop-erative cognitive function in elderly patients. Methods A total of 60 patients treated by radical surgery were equally randomized to an AHH and a non-AHH control group.Using the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE),we evaluated the cognitive function of the patients.We made comparisons between the two groups in the plasma S100β levels at T0(before anesthesia induction),T1(immediately after hemodilution),T2(immediately after operating),T(36 hour after operating)and T(424 hour after operating).Results The S-100β lever at T2、T3 and T4were markedly higher than T0in both groups(P<0.05);At T3and T4,the S-100β lever was higher in non-AHH control group than AHH group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postopera-tive cognitive dysfunction between the two groups(P>0.05)There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusions AHH can significantly reduce plasma S100β in elderly patients,but there is no effect on early postoperative cognitive function.
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Ojective To compara the individual differences and clinical efficacy of cis-atracurium intermittent bolus injected according to fat-free mass and real body weight. Methods Forty patients (ASAI-II) who had no neuromuscular disease and underwent selective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into group FFM (n=20) and group RBW(n=20) according to the different administration method. The responses of adductor pollicis to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation were monitored. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg, fentanyl 3 ug/kg, cis-atracurium 129.6μg/kg (group FFM) or 100μg /kg (group RBW),and maintained with propofol and fentanyl given by target-controlled infusion. Intubation was attempted when T1 reached maximal inhibition. When the TOF stimulus T1 recovery to 5%, both group additional cis-atracurium 64.8 μg/kg (group FFM) or 50μg /kg (group RBW). The onset time, nonresponsive time, clinical duration, recovery index, pharmacological duration, cis-atracurium consumption, interval and frequency were recorded. Results No significant differences were found in general, interval, frequency,onset time, clinical duration, nonresponsive time,recovery index, pharmacological duration between the two groups (P > 0.05); There were significant differences in the cisatracurium consumption between two groups (P < 0.05); Compare with the group RBW, the differences of pharmacological duration and nonresponsive time between different individuals in group FFM were smaller (P < 0.05). Conclusion It can reduce the individual differences of muscle relaxant effect to apply cis-atracurium and cis-atracurium consumption according to fat-free mass.