RESUMEN
We have sequenced the coat protein (CP) coding region of 11 field isolates of SCMV from Australia, USA and South Africa. The differences between the nucleotide sequences of the isolates was 0.2 to 4.1% and the encoded amino acid sequences differed by 0.0 to 3.5%. Phylogenetic analysis of the CP coding sequences of the SCMV isolates and the related potyviruses SCMV-MDB, JGMV, SrMV, MDMV-A and PVY showed that the SCMV isolates formed a tightly clustered group, with SCMV-MDB forming a separate branch. This indicated that (i) the SCMV isolates are of one strain (SCMV-A) and not geographically distinct species and (ii) SCMV-MDB is clearly distinct, and may represent another potyvirus species.
Asunto(s)
Cápside/química , Plantas/virología , Potyvirus/química , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Cápside/genética , Filogenia , Potyvirus/clasificaciónRESUMEN
This study is an attempt to see if simplifying the teaching of basic life support leads to better skill acquisition and retention. Forty-eight lay volunteers received instruction in CPR; 24 were taught the standard 8-step sequence whereas 24 were taught a simplified 4-step sequence. Tests of performance were carried out on a manikin before and after training. Those in the 4-step group were significantly better than those in the 8-step group at remembering the sequence of skills immediately after training (P = 0.04), 1 week later (P < 0.001) and at 6 weeks (P < 0.001). Twenty-three out of the 24 volunteers in the 4-step group got the sequence completely correct each time they were tested, in contrast to only 2 out of the 24 in the 8-step group. There was no difference, however, in the quality of performance of the skills between the two groups. In addition, it was shown that use of the 4-step sequence should result in a useful reduction in the time taken before a rescuer calls for the emergency services and commences CPR. Whether such a radical change in teaching should be introduced is a matter for further discussion and research.
Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/educación , Retención en Psicología , Adulto , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maniquíes , Enseñanza/métodos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
This is the first report of sequence from Fiji disease fijivirus (FDV), the type member of the genus Fijivirus of the family Reoviridae. FDV genome segment (S9) comprised 1843 nt and contained two non-overlapping ORFs, separated by a 57 nt intergenic region. S9 ORF 1 comprised 1008 nt and encoded a 335-amino-acid polypeptide (predicted molecular mass 38.6 kDa), while ORF 2 comprised 627 nt and encoded a 208-amino-acid polypeptide (predicted molecular mass 23.8 kDa). The 5' and 3' non-coding regions were 49 and 102 nt, respectively. The S9 terminal sequences were 5' AAGUUUUU------UGUC 3', and located immediately adjacent to these sequences were 12 bp imperfect inverted repeats. The entire S9 ORF 1 and the hydrophilic regions of S9 ORF 2 were each expressed as a fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. Antibodies produced against the ORF 1 fusion protein reacted strongly with a protein of approximately 39 kDa present in both crude extracts of FDV-infected sugarcane and partially purified FDV preparations. In contrast, antibodies raised against the modified ORF 2 fusion protein did not react with any proteins in the same samples. Further, polyclonal antibodies produced against partially purified FDV reacted with the ORF 1, but not the modified ORF 2, fusion protein. These results indicate that FDV S9 ORF 1 encodes a major structural protein, while ORF 2 probably encodes a non-structural protein.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Reoviridae/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , ADN Viral , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Péptidos/genética , Péptidos/inmunología , Conejos , Reoviridae/inmunología , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
We have sequenced the NIb coding region of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus strain SC (SCMV-SC) and eight field isolates of SCMV from Australia. This region comprised 1563 nucleotides and encoded a putative protein of 521 amino acids containing the consensus motif GDD. The protease cleavage sites between the NIa/NIb and the NIb/coat protein were found to be Q/C and Q/A, respectively. The SCMV sequences were most similar to sorghum mosaic potyvirus with identities of 70% and 78% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. When the sequences were compared to each other, there was a maximum of 3.3% variation between isolates at the nucleotide level and a maximum of 0.8% at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences indicated the field isolates were grouped according to their geographical location. The SCMV sequence with most homology to all other isolates has been selected to generate constructs for replicase-mediated resistance.
Asunto(s)
Cápside/genética , Potyvirus/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Australia , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Cartilla de ADN , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
One of the arguments put forward in support of a relatively fast rate of chest compression during CPR, is that it facilitates the achievement of a high compression:relaxation ratio. This has been shown to increase blood flow. In this study a group of volunteers carried out chest compression at the rate that each felt was correct and comfortable. There was no significant relationship between compression rate and compression:relaxation ratio. In a second study volunteers carried out chest compression on a manikin at rates of 40/min; 60/min; 80/min and 100/min. There was no significant rate related difference in the compression:relaxation ratios recorded. The ability to achieve a high compression duration is not related to compression rate, and should not be a consideration when guidelines on CPR are revised.
Asunto(s)
Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maniquíes , Persona de Mediana Edad , Presión , Tórax , Factores de Tiempo , VoluntariosRESUMEN
The gammaherpesvirus Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) causes the fatal lymphoproliferative disease known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), in susceptible hosts. The virulent C500 isolate of AHV-1 became attenuated for the laboratory model, the rabbit, as a result of serial passage in cells of bovine origin. This work describes the identification of a region of the central unique sequence of the C500 genome, located close to the terminal repeat units of the molecule, which is altered on attenuation. The virulent C500 genome contains two copies of a sequence of approximately 2 kbp, contained within a 7 kbp region of the unique DNA located adjacent to the terminal repeats at the left end of the molecule. In the genome of the attenuated virus, there are also two copies of the 2 kbp sequence but they are located at the ends of the attenuated genome unique region, adjacent to the terminally repeated sequences. One open reading frame (ORF), designated putative polypeptide 5, was altered on attenuation such that the 3' sequence was lost. The location of this ORF, coupled with the loss of its 3' sequence, suggests that this ORF may encode a gene involved in the virulent mechanisms of this virus, in a manner similar to that of the transforming proteins of Herpesvirus saimiri (HSV).
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Gammaherpesvirinae/genética , Genoma Viral , Fiebre Catarral Maligna/virología , Conejos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Southern Blotting/veterinaria , Bovinos , ADN Viral/análisis , ADN Viral/química , Gammaherpesvirinae/patogenicidad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Mapeo Restrictivo , Pase Seriado/veterinaria , Proteínas Virales/química , Proteínas Virales/genética , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
This study encourages the use of percutaneous FNB to diagnose and stage advanced lung cancer in patients with palpable metastases in supraclavicular lymph nodes or soft tissues. Percutaneous FNB of metastases is much easier to learn than transthoracic needle aspiration: the superficial target is anchored and sampled with multiple passes using a short needle grasped directly in the fingers. It is fast, accurate, economical and nearly free of risk and pain. The technique saves time and money because it is the only procedure needed by many patients with palpable disease in stage IIIB and IV. Bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle aspiration and open surgical biopsy thus can be avoided in most patients with palpable metastases. Prompt diagnosis by FNB of metastases speeds palliation for patients with urgent need. Tumor cell type from FNB correlated with cytologic findings from sputum samples, bronchoscopy specimens and autopsy results.