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Involving addition of chemical groups or protein units to specific residues of the target protein, post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the charge, hydrophobicity, and conformation of a protein, which in turn influences protein function, protein-protein interaction, and protein aggregation. These alterations, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation, lipidation, and lactylation, are significant biological events in the development of cancer, and play vital roles in numerous biological processes. The processes behind essential functions, the screening of clinical illness signs, and the identification of therapeutic targets all depend heavily on further research into the PTMs. This review outlines the influence of several PTM types on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis in an effort to shed fresh light on the molecular causes and progression of the disease.

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BACKGROUND: The early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the assessment of disease activity progression remain a great challenge. Targeted metabolomics has great potential to identify new biomarkers of SLE. METHODS: Serum from 44 healthy participants and 89 SLE patients were analyzed using HM400 high-throughput targeted metabolomics. Machine learning (ML) with seven learning models and trained the model several times iteratively selected the two best prediction model in a competitive way, which were independent validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) with 90 SLE patients. RESULTS: In this study, 146 differential metabolites, most of them organic acids, amino acids, and bile acids, were detected between patients with initial SLE and healthy participants, and 8 potential biomarkers were found by intersection of ML and statistics (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.95) showing a significant positive correlation with clinical indicators. In addition, we identified and validated 2 potential biomarkers for SLE classification (P < 0.05, AUC > 0.775; N-Methyl-L-glutamic acid, L-2-aminobutyric acid) showing a significant correlation with the SLE Disease Activity Index. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, amino acid biosynthesis, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism and other pathways. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle might be associated with SLE drug therapy. We identified 8 diagnostic models biomarkers and 2 biomarkers that could be used to identify initial SLE and distinguish different activity degree, which will promote the development of new tools for the diagnosis and evaluation of SLE.

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies worldwide. Syndecan-2 methylation (mSDC2) testing has emerged as a widely used biomarker for early detection of CRC in stool and serum samples. Cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies worldwide. mSDC2 testing has emerged as a widely used biomarker for early detection of CRC in stool and serum samples. AIM: To validate the effectiveness of fecal DNA mSDC2 testing in the detection of CRC among a high-risk Chinese population to provide evidence-based data for the development of diagnostic and/or screening guidelines for CRC in China. METHODS: A high-risk Chinese cohort consisting of 1130 individuals aged 40-79 years was selected for evaluation via fecal mSDC2 testing. Sensitivity and specificity for CRC, advanced adenoma (AA) and advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) were determined. High-risk factors for the incidence of colorectal lesions were determined and a logistic regression model was constructed to reflect the efficacy of the test. RESULTS: A total of 1035 high-risk individuals were included in this study according to established criteria. Among them, 16 suffered from CRC (1.55%), 65 from AA (6.28%) and 189 from non-AAs (18.26%); 150 patients were diagnosed with polyps (14.49%). Diagnoses were established based upon colonoscopic and pathological examinations. Sensitivities of the mSDC2 test for CRC and AA were 87.50% and 40.00%, respectively; specificities were 95.61% for other groups. Positive predictive values of the mSDC2 test for CRC, AA and ACN were 16.09%, 29.89% and 45.98%, respectively; the negative predictive value for CRC was 99.79%. After adjusting for other high-risk covariates, mSDC2 test positivity was found to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of ACN (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirmed that offering fecal mSDC2 testing and colonoscopy in combination for CRC screening is effective for earlier detection of malignant colorectal lesions in a high-risk Chinese population.

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Purpose: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a major life-threatening condition in critically infected patients. Early diagnosis and intervention are important to improve patient prognosis. Recognizing the pivotal involvement of the glycolytic pathway in SIC, this study aims to establish a glycolysis-related ceRNA network and explore novel diagnostic avenues. Materials and methods: SIC-related datasets were carefully filtered from the GEO database. CytoHubba was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with glycolysis. A predictive method was then used to construct an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated gene interactions, and the specificity of this ceRNA network was confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SIC patients. Logistic analysis was used to examine the correlation between the ceRNA network and SIC. Diagnostic potential was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlation analysis investigated any associations between gene expression and clinical indicators. Results: IER3 was identified as glycolysis-related DEG in SIC, and a ceRNA network (SNHG17/miR-214-3p/IER3) was established by prediction. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the presence of mutual binding between IER3, miR-214-3p and SNHG17. RT-qPCR verified the specific expression of this ceRNA network in SIC patients. Multivariate logistic analysis established the correlation between the ceRNA network and SIC. ROC analysis demonstrated its high diagnostic specificity (AUC > 0.8). Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between IER3 expression and oxygenation index in SIC patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-214-3p expression showed a negative correlation with NT-proBNP (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we identified and validated a ceRNA network associated with glycolysis in SIC: SNHG17/miR-214-3p/IER3. This ceRNA network may play a critical role in the onset and development of SIC. This finding is important to further our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SIC and to explore potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for SIC.

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Cell death is ubiquitous during development and throughout life and is a genetically determined active and ordered process that plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis. Cell death includes regulated cell death and non-programmed cell death, and the common types of regulatory cell death are necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis, Necrosis and necroptosis are more common than autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis among cell death. Non-coding RNAs are regulatory RNA molecules that do not encode proteins and include mainly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. Non-coding RNAs can act as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, with significant effects on tumor occurrence and development, and they can also regulate tumor cell autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. This paper reviews the recent research progress on the effects of the non-coding RNAs involved in autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis on tumorigenesis, tumor development, and treatment, and looks forward to the future direction of this field, which will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor development, as well as provide a new vision for the treatment of tumors.

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Previous studies have shown that phenyllactic acid (alpha-Hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid, PLA), a type of organic acid metabolite, has excellent diagnostic efficacy when used to differentiate between prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatitis. This research aims to explore the molecular mechanism by which PLA influences the PANoptosis of prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. First, we found that PLA was detected in all prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, PC-3 M, DU145, LNCAP). Further experiments showed that the addition of PLA to prostate cancer cells could promote ATP generation, enhance cysteine desulfurase (NFS1) expression, and reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Notably, overexpression of NFS1 can inhibit the binding of TNF-α to serpin mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1), suggesting that NFS1 competes with TNF-α for binding to SERBP1. Knockdown of SERBP1 significantly reduced the level of small ubiquity-related modifier (SUMO) modification of TNF-α. This suggests that NFS1 reduces the SUMO modification of TNF-α by competing with SERBP1, thereby reducing the expression and stability of TNF-α and ultimately inhibiting apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. In conclusion, PLA inhibits TNF-α induced panapoptosis of prostate cancer cells through metabolic reprogramming, providing a new idea for targeted treatment of prostate cancer.

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Objectives: To identify the most significantly differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues in terms of their expression levels and circularity, and to analyze the relationship between their expression levels and the clinical characteristics of patients. Methods: circRNA RNA-seq technology was used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs in CRC. Sanger sequencing was used to identify circRNA back-splice junction sites. The relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0003761 (circMSH3) in CRC tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR technology. An RNA-protein pull-down assay was used to detect protein binding to circRNAs. Dual-luciferase reporter gene vectors were constructed to verify that circRNAs bind to microRNAs. Results: Four hundred twenty circRNAs were found to be upregulated, and 616 circRNAs were downregulated. circMSH3 was derived from the MutS homolog 3 (MSH3) gene and was formed by a loop of exons 9, 10, 11, and 12. In 110 pairs of CRC and adjacent tissues, circMSH3 expression was 4.487-fold higher in CRC tissues. circMSH3 was also highly expressed in the HT-29 and LOVO CRC cell lines. The expression level of circMSH3 was associated with distant metastasis in CRC patients (P = 0.043); the area under the curve (AUC) of circMSH3 for CRC diagnosis was 0.75, with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.9% and 66.4%, respectively. circMSH3 could bind to a variety of proteins, mainly those involved in RNA transcription, splicing, cell cycle, and cell junctions. Furthermore, circMSH3 could bind to miR-1276, miR-942-5p, and miR-409-3p. Conclusion: circMSH3 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC and affects the distant metastasis of CRC. Multiple RNA-binding protein binds to circMSH3, and circMSH3 binds to miR-1276, miR-942-5p, and miR-409-3p, thereby affecting the expression of circMSH3.

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OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the reversal of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) by Danshenol C, a natural compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza. By comprehensively investigating the intricate interactions and signaling pathways involved in Danshenol C's therapeutic effects on PF, we aim to unveil novel insights into its pharmacological actions. This investigation holds the potential to revolutionize the clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in traditional Chinese medicine, offering promising new avenues for the treatment of PF and paving the way for evidence-based therapeutic interventions. METHODS: Firstly, we utilized the YaTCM database to retrieve the structural formula of Danshenol C, while the SwissTargetPrediction platform facilitated the prediction of its potential drug targets. To gain insights into the genetic basis of PF, we acquired the GSE92453 dataset and GPL6480-9577 expression profile from the GEO database, followed by obtaining disease-related genes of PF from major disease databases. R software was then employed to screen for DEG associated with PF. To explore the intricate interactions between Danshenol C's active component targets, we utilized the String database and Cytoscape3.7.2 software to construct a PPI network. Further analysis in Cytoscape3.7.2 enabled the identification of core modules within the PPI network, elucidating key targets and molecular pathways critical to Danshenol C's therapeutic actions. Subsequently, we employed R to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, providing valuable insights into the functional implications and potential biological mechanisms of Danshenol C in the context of PF. To investigate the binding interactions between the core active components and key targets, we conducted docking studies using Chem3D, autoDock1.5.6, SYBYL2.0, and PYMOL2.4 software. We applied in vivo and in vitro experiments to prove that Danshenol C can improve PF. In order to verify the potential gene and molecular mechanism of Danshenol C to reverse PF, we used quantitative PCR, western blot, and apoptosis, ensuring robust and reliable verification of the results. RESULTS: ① Wogonin, sitosterol, and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) emerged as the most significant constituents among the small-molecule active compounds and gene targets investigated. ②38 targets intersected with the disease, among which MAPK14, CASP3, MAPK8 and STAT3 may be the key targets; The results of GO and KEGG analysis showed that there was a correlation between inflammatory pathway and Apoptosis. ④Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of MAPK8 (JNK1), MAPK14 (P38) and STAT3 were significantly decreased after Danshenol C treatment (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of CASP3 was significantly increased (P < 0.05)⑤Western blot showed that protein expressions of CASP3 and MAPK14 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of STAT3 and MAPK8 was decreased after Danshenol C treatment (P < 0.05). ⑥There was no significant difference in flow analysis of apoptosis among groups. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that Danshenol C may modulate crucial molecular pathways, including the MAPK, Apoptosis, Calcium signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, and TNF signaling pathways. This regulation is mediated through the modulation of core targets such as STAT3, MAPK14, MAPK8, CASP3, and others. By targeting these key molecular players, Danshenol C exhibits the potential to regulate cellular responses to chemical stress and inflammatory stimuli. The identification of these molecular targets and pathways represents a significant step forward in understanding the molecular basis of Danshenol C's therapeutic effects in PF. This preliminary exploration provides novel avenues for the development of anti-PF treatment strategies and the discovery of potential therapeutic agents. By targeting specific core targets and pathways, Danshenol C opens up new possibilities for the development of more effective and targeted drugs to combat PF. These findings have the potential to transform the landscape of PF treatment and offer valuable insights for future research and drug development endeavors.

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Spatial omics technology integrates the concept of space into omics research and retains the spatial information of tissues or organs while obtaining molecular information. It is characterized by the ability to visualize changes in molecular information and yields intuitive and vivid visual results. Spatial omics technologies include spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, spatial metabolomics, and other technologies, the most widely used of which are spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics. The tumor microenvironment refers to the surrounding microenvironment in which tumor cells exist, including the surrounding blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, various signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix. A key issue in modern tumor biology is the application of spatial omics to the study of the tumor microenvironment, which can reveal problems that conventional research techniques cannot, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic agents for cancer. This paper summarizes the progress of research on spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics technologies for characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment.

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Purpose: CRC is a malignant tumor seriously threatening human health. Quercetin and kaempferol are representative components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Previous studies have shown that both quercetin and kaempferol have antitumor pharmacological effects, nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. To explore the synergy and mechanism of quercetin and kaempferol in colorectal cancer. Methods: In this study, network pharmacology, and bioinformatics are used to obtain the intersection of drug targets and disease genes. Training gene sets were acquired from the TCGA database, acquired prognostic-related genes by univariate Cox, multivariate Cox, and Lasso-Cox regression models, and validated in the GEO dataset. We also made predictions of the immune function of the samples and used molecular docking to map a model for binding two components to prognostic genes. Results: Through Lasso-Cox regression analysis, we obtained three models of drug target genes. This model predicts the combined role of quercetin and kaempferol in the treatment and prognosis of CRC. Prognostic genes are correlated with immune checkpoints and immune infiltration and play an adjuvant role in the immunotherapy of CRC. Conclusion: Core genes are regulated by quercetin and kaempferol to improve the patient's immune system and thus assist in the treatment of CRC.

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Fenugreek is an ancient herb that has been used for centuries to treat diabetes. However, how the fenugreek-derived chemical compounds work in treating diabetes remains unclarified. Herein, we integrate molecular docking and network pharmacology to elucidate the active constituents and potential mechanisms of fenugreek against diabetes. First, 19 active compounds from fenugreek and 71 key diabetes-related targets were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Then, molecular docking and simulations results suggest diosgenin, luteolin and quercetin against diabetes via regulation of the genes ESR1, CAV1, VEGFA, TP53, CAT, AKT1, IL6 and IL1. These compounds and genes may be key factors of fenugreek in treating diabetes. Cells results demonstrate that fenugreek has good biological safety and can effectively improve the glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the anti-diabetic effect of fenugreek was regulated by the AGE-RAGE and NF-κB signalling pathways. It is mainly associated with anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response and ß-cell protection. Our study identified the active constituents and potential signalling pathways involved in the anti-diabetic effect of fenugreek. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of the anti-diabetic effect of fenugreek. Finally, this study may help for developing anti-diabetic dietary supplements or drugs based on fenugreek.

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Objective: To determine the effects of circSPECC1 (hsa_circ_0000745) on the proliferation and migration of LNCaP prostate cancer cells and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. Methods: Stable circSPECC1 shRNA-expressing and circSPECC1-overexpressing LNCaP cell lines were constructed, and relative gene expression levels were determined by RT-PCR. MTT and clonogenic assays were used to assess proliferative ability while a scratch test was used to analyze cell migration. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression levels. The effects of circSPECC1 on the proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells were observed in vivo. Results: circSPECC1 was found to be derived from the SPECC1 (sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1) parent gene and to form a loop. Overexpression of circSPECC1 promoted the proliferation and migration of the LNCaP cells, whereas decreased expression of circSPECC1 inhibited these properties. Overexpression of circSPECC1 promoted the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, vimentin, and N-cad but downregulated the expression of E-cad. Decreased expression of circSPECC1 inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, vimentin, and N-cad but increased the expression of E-cad. Conclusion: circSPECC1 promotes cell proliferation and migration by affecting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of LNCaP prostate cancer cells.

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The diagnosis and differential classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is difficult, especially in patients with early-onset SLE who are susceptible to systemic multi-organ damage and serious complications and have difficulties in individualized treatment. At present, diagnosis is based mainly on clinical manifestations and the detection of serological antinuclear antibodies. The pathogenesis of SLE involves multiple factors, is clinically heterogeneous, and lacks specific biomarkers. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers for the diagnosis and subtype classification of SLE. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, circular RNAs, and transfer RNAs. They play an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases and are used widely in the early diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we focus on the research progress in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of SLE using humoral to tissue level ncRNAs.

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Single-cell omics is the profiling of individual cells through sequencing and other technologies including high-throughput analysis for single-cell resolution, cell classification, and identification as well as time series analyses. Unlike multicellular studies, single-cell omics overcomes the problem of cellular heterogeneity. It provides new methods and perspectives for in-depth analyses of the behavior and mechanism of individual cells in the cell population and their relationship with the body, and plays an important role in basic research and precision medicine. Single-cell sequencing technologies mainly include single-cell transcriptome sequencing, single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing, single-cell immune profiling (single-cell T-cell receptor [TCR]/B-cell receptor [BCR] sequencing), and single-cell transcriptomics. Single-cell TCR/BCR sequencing can be used to obtain a large amount of single-cell gene expression and immunomics data at one time, and combined with transcriptome sequencing and TCR/BCR diversity data, can resolve immune cell heterogeneity. This paper summarizes the progress in applying single-cell TCR/BCR sequencing technology to the tumor immune microenvironment, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, immunotherapy, and chronic inflammatory diseases, and discusses its shortcomings and prospects for future application.

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Objective: To explore the role of circIFITM1 and its potential molecular mechanism in colon cancer. Methods: The circIFITM1 in human samples and cell lines of colon cancer was measured via RT-PCR. The cyclicity of circIFITM1 was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing, and the stability of circIFITM1 was confirmed by actinomycin D assay. The proliferative and invasive ability was detected by the CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. RNA pull-down assay confirmed a combination of circIFITM1 and miRNA. Dual-luciferase reporter gene was used to detect the direct relationship between miRNA and the target gene. Results: circIFITM1 originated from the maternal gene IFITM1and had high stability. It was resistant to processing by actinomycin D. Upregulating circIFITM1 facilitated the proliferation and invasion of Lovo cells, while interfering with circIFITM1 expression inhibited them. circIFITM1 interacted with miR-802, and miR-802 targeted the 3'UTR of FOXP1. The overexpression of circIFITM1 downregulated miR-802 and upregulated FOXP1. Conclusion: circIFITM1 facilitates the proliferative and invasive abilities via miR-802/FOXP1 in Lovo cells.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide and is a serious threat to human life and health. CRC occurs and develops in a multi-step, multi-stage, and multi-gene process, in which abnormal gene expression plays an important role. CRC is currently diagnosed via endoscopy combined with tissue biopsy. Compared with tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy technology has received increasingly more attention and applications in the field of molecular detection due to its non-invasive, safe, comprehensive, and real-time dynamic nature. This review article discusses the application and limitations of current liquid biopsy analytes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CRC, as well as directions for their future development.

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As a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly conserved and stable covalently closed ring structures with no 5'-end cap or 3'-end poly(A) tail. CircRNAs are formed by reverse splicing, mainly by means of a noose structure or intron complementary pairing. Exosomes are tiny discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm that are secreted by cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes play an important role in cell-cell communication by carrying DNA, microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of circRNAs and exosomes, and further reveal the potential roles of exosomal circRNAs in different diseases, providing a scientific basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a wide variety of diseases.

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Background: Noninvasive methods for the early identify diagnosis of prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa) are current clinical challenges. Methods: The serum metabolites of 20 healthy individuals and patients with prostatitis, BPH, or PCa were identified using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, targeted LC-MS was used to verify the organic acid metabolites in the serum of a validation cohort. Results: Organic acid metabolites had good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating prostatitis, BPH, and PCa. Three diagnostic models identified patients with PROSTATITIS: phenyllactic acid (area under the curve [AUC]=0.773), pyroglutamic acid (AUC=0.725), and pantothenic acid (AUC=0.721). Three diagnostic models identified BPH: citric acid (AUC=0.859), malic acid (AUC=0.820), and D-glucuronic acid (AUC=0.810). Four diagnostic models identified PCa: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (AUC=0.804), citric acid (AUC=0.918), malic acid (AUC=0.862), and phenyllactic acid (AUC=0.713). Two diagnostic models distinguished BPH from PCa: phenyllactic acid (AUC=0.769) and pyroglutamic acid (AUC=0.761). Three diagnostic models distinguished benign BPH from PROSTATITIS: citric acid (AUC=0.842), ethylmalonic acid (AUC=0.814), and hippuric acid (AUC=0.733). Six diagnostic models distinguished BPH from prostatitis: citric acid (AUC=0.926), pyroglutamic acid (AUC=0.864), phenyllactic acid (AUC=0.850), ethylmalonic acid (AUC=0.843), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (AUC=0.817), and hippuric acid (AUC=0.791). Three diagnostic models distinguished PCa patients with PROSTATITISA < 4.0 ng/mL from those with PSA > 4.0 ng/mL: 5-hydromethyl-2-furoic acid (AUC=0.749), ethylmalonic acid (AUC=0.750), and pyroglutamic acid (AUC=0.929). Conclusions: These results suggest that serum organic acid metabolites can be used as biomarkers to differentiate prostatitis, BPH, and PCa.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are not effective in solid tumor treatment due to reduced invasion and expansion, and short survival time. This study aimed to explore whether interleukin (IL)-7 and CCR2b expression could improve GD2-CAR-T cell survival and infiltration in neuroblastoma and melanoma treatment. IL-7 and CCR2b were inserted into the classical second-generation CAR structure to construct 7×2b CAR. The 7×2b CAR-T cell phenotypes were evaluated by flow cytometry and the chemokine levels by ELISA. The 7×2b CAR-T cell migration and anti-tumor abilities were detected by Transwell assay and animal experiments in vivo. We report that compared with that of CAR-T cells, 7×2b CAR-T cell IL-7 secretion and CCR2b expression did not affect the T cell surface expression of CAR or CAR-T specificity and efficacy against tumor cells. The 7×2b CAR-T cells could induce IFN-γ secretion in GD2-positive tumor cells, killing them as well as conventional CAR-T cells. Moreover, IL-7 and CCR2b co-expression enhanced the 7×2b CAR-T cell survival and migration. Similar to conventional CAR-T, 7×2b CAR-T cells could also inhibit tumor growth and increase IFN-γ, Gzms-B, and IL-2 expression. Finally, unlike in mice injected with CAR-T cells, CD3 expression was the most abundant in the spleen and tumor tissues in mice injected with 7×2b CAR-T cells. Our study demonstrates that IL-7 and CCR2b co-expression in GD2-CAR-T cells exhibit stronger anti-tumor activity than classical second-generation CAR-T cells, shedding light on the potential novel GD2-positive neuroblastoma and melanoma treatment approach.

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BACKGROUND: Owing to its simplicity, speed, small incision, and low cost, peripheral blood collection is widely used in routine blood testing. However, there are certain differences between the detection results of peripheral and venous blood specimens. This investigation and analysis aimed to investigate and analyze the status and opinions of laboratory physicians on the application of peripheral blood for routine blood testing. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to investigate and analyze the current status of laboratory physicians with regards to routine peripheral blood testing. The content of the questionnaire included the following aspects: the proportion of peripheral blood specimens, the difficulty of detecting peripheral blood, factors affecting the results of peripheral blood specimens, the proportion of the simultaneous detection of blood test and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as the proportion and ideals of hypersensitive CRP (hs-CRP), which included a total of 10 re-examination rules. RESULTS: Laboratory physicians from 410 hospitals participated in the investigation. The proportion of routine blood tests using peripheral blood specimens in the laboratory departments of tertiary hospitals was low (P=0.006). Difficulties in routine blood tests with peripheral blood specimens were dominated by insufficient blood volume (67.8%). The factors affecting the results of routine blood tests with peripheral blood specimens were dominated by the mixing method (86.6%). When abnormal results were determined by routine blood tests using peripheral blood specimens, they were retested most commonly by making slide smears (82.4%) or re-examined using the remaining peripheral blood (66.1%). The same rules for re-examination of peripheral and venous blood were applied in most medical institutions (86.1%). When the platelet count decreased in routine blood tests using peripheral blood samples, the most common measures included sample agglutination checks (88.5%), instrument alarm message checks (82.4%), and making slide smears for re-examination (73.6%). More laboratory physicians expected blood analyzers to be integrated instruments that could provide both routine blood and hs-CRP testing (80.5%). CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous difficulties in routine blood testing using peripheral blood, and thus, more convenient and accurate blood analysis instruments should be developed.

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